RESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants of the estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) at rs2234693 and rs9340799, as well as to investigate the relationship between ESR gene polymorphisms and postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP) of the spine in Chinese women. We recruited 198 postmenopausal women with OP and 276 healthy women between May 2012 and September 2015 in Zhongshan Hospital. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae in all subjects. In addition, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism based analysis was conducted to identify the genotypes of ESR1. The distribution of ESR1 in the osteoporosis group and the control group was determined; the relationship between ESR polymorphisms and BMD was analyzed. The distributions of BMD were: TT < TC < CC, GG < AG < AA. The TT, TTGG, and TCGG genotypes were found to be lower as compared to the other genotypes. Stratified analysis suggested that the TT genotype and the combined genotypes TTGG and TCGG were significantly higher in the OP group as compared to the control group (P < 0.01). Therefore, ESR1 polymorphisms at rs2234693 and rs9340799 may be associated with OP, and could be used as markers to screen those with high risks to postmenopausal OP in Chinese women.
Asunto(s)
Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/genética , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/genética , Absorciometría de Fotón , Densidad Ósea/genética , China , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/patología , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , PosmenopausiaRESUMEN
Tremendous efforts have been made in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients' research; however, clinical findings in patients have been disappointing. The aims of our study were to identify better or alternative therapeutic methods that can reverse chemotherapy resistance and to enhance sensitivity to docetaxel (DOX)-based chemotherapy drugs. We evaluated the anti-proliferative effect of DOX against RCC cells. DOX was found to suppress proliferation of RCC cells under in vitro and in vivo settings. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that DOX suppressed cell growth by induction of both apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Various patterns of gene expression were observed by cluster analysis. In addition, based on network analysis using the ingenuity pathway analysis software, DOX was found to suppress phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38, suggesting that the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway plays a vital role in the anti-proliferative effect of DOX against RCC.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Carcinoma de Células Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Taxoides/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinoma de Células Renales/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renales/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Renales/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Docetaxel , Puntos de Control de la Fase G2 del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/genética , Neoplasias Renales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/genética , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/genética , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/genética , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are opportunistic pathogens that cause nosocomial and food-borne infections. They promote intestinal diseases. Gastrointestinal colonization by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa has rarely been researched. These organisms spread to extra gastrointestinal niches, resulting in increasingly progressive infections. Lactic acid bacteria are Gram-positive bacteria that produce lactic acid as the major end-product of carbohydrate fermentation. These bacteria inhibit pathogen colonization and modulate the host immune response. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on enteric infections caused by the paradigmatic human pathogens S. aureus ATCC25923 and P. aeruginosa ATCC27853. The effect of whole cells and neutralized cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the lactobacilli on LoVo human carcinoma enterocyte (ATCC CCL-229) infection was analyzed by co-exposure, pre-exposure, and post-exposure studies. Simultaneous application of whole cells and CFS of the lactobacilli significantly eradicated enterocyte infection (P < 0.05); however, this effect was not seen when the whole cells and CFS were added after or prior to the infection (P > 0.05). This result could be attributed to interference by extracellular polymeric substances and cell surface hydrophobicity, which resulted in the development of a pathogen that did not form colonies. Furthermore, results of the plate count and LIVE/ DEAD BacLight bacterial viability staining attributed this inhibition to a non-bacteriocin-like substance, which acted independently of organic acid and H2O2 production. Based on these results, the cell-free supernatant derived from lactobacilli was concluded to restrain the development of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa enteric infections.