Variations in growth performance of Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirhinus mrigala) fed with varying levels of fishmeal based diets in intensive farming / Variações no desempenho de crescimento de Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) e Mrigal (Cirhinus mrigala) alimentados com níveis variados de dietas à base de farinha de peixe em pecuária intensiva

A one year feeding trial was conducted on carps i.e. Catla (Cattla cattla), Mrigal (Cirhinus mrigala) and Rohu (Labeo rohita) to find out appropriate level of fishmeal in diet and their effects on growth, survival and biomass in intensive polyculture. Three different inclusions of fishmeal were used in experimental diets (25%, 35% and 45%). Highest average daily growth was observed by 25% fish meal diet (2.18g, 2.19g and 2.34g for catla, rohu and mrigal respectively), whereas 35% fish meal based diet was next by showing 1.63g average daily growth for catla, 1.73g for rohu and 1.67g for mrigal. Mean values of monthly weight again and average daily growth showed significant differences among treatments. Growth was found to be higher in C. mrigala in case of 25% and 45% and L. rohita in case of 35% fish meal. Minimum FCR was obtained by 25% FM based diets as 3.53±0.41 followed by 45% (3.82±0.33) and 35% (4.05±0.45). The findings of this research trial determine the optimum dietary level of fishmeal and its effectiveness as an important ingredient in diets of Indian major carps. It is proved that a feed by the combination of animal and plant protein is much preferable by carps as compare to a feed with higher concentration of fish meal.

Um teste de alimentação de um ano foi realizado em carpas, ou seja, Catla (Cattla cattla), Mrigal (Cirhinus mrigala) e Rohu (Labeo rohita) para descobrir o nível adequado de farinha de peixe na dieta e seus efeitos no crescimento, sobrevivência e biomassa em policultura intensiva. Três diferentes inclusões de farinha de peixe foram utilizadas nas dietas experimentais (25%, 35% e 45%). O maior crescimento médio diário foi observado pela dieta com 25% de farinha de peixe (2,18g, 2,19g e 2,34g para catla, rohu e mrigal, respectivamente), enquanto a dieta à base de farinha de peixe de 35% foi a próxima, mostrando um crescimento médio diário de 1,63g para catla, 1,73g para rohu e 1,67g para mrigal. Os valores médios de peso mensal novamente e crescimento médio diário apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. O crescimento foi maior em C. mrigala no caso de 25% e 45% e L. Rohita, no caso de 35% de farinha de peixe. A TCA mínima foi obtida por dietas à base de 25% FM como 3,53 ± 0,41 seguido por 45% (3,82 ± 0,33) e 35% (4,05 ± 0,45). Os resultados desta pesquisa determinam o nível ideal de farinha de peixe e sua eficácia como um ingrediente importante nas dietas das principais carpas indianas. Assim, demonstrando que uma ração com combinação de proteína animal e vegetal é preferível para as carpas do que uma ração com maior concentração de farinha de peixe.

Length-weight relationships of farmed major carps (Cattla cattla, Labeo rohita and Cirhinus mrigala) fed with different sources of protein in an intensive polyculture / Relações peso-comprimento de carpas principais (Catla catla, Labeo rohita e Cirrhinus mrigala) cultivadas e alimentadas a partir de diferentes fontes de proteína em uma policultura intensiva

The present findings provide information regarding the length-weight relationships (LWRs) of Indian major carps viz Cattla cattla, Labeo rohita and Cirhinus mrigala in an intensive polyculture system. Much work has been done in Pakistan with respect to fish LWRs, much of such work has been ignored. Carps were fed with twelve different formulated diets containing four different sources of protein i.e. fish meal (FM), all parts chicken meal (APCM), corn gluten (CGM) and soybean meal (SBM). Each type of protein is used at inclusion level of 25, 35 and 45% into the formulated diets to evaluate the minimum requirement of that ingredient for optimal growth of in-hand species. The values of slope "b" ranged from 2.20 to 4.90 for these species of carps which showed a strong healthy relationship among variables (level of protein and months).

Os achados do presente trabalho fornecem informações sobre as relações comprimento-peso (LWRs) das principais carpas indianas, como Catla catla, Labeo rohita e Cirrhinus mrigala, em um sistema de policultura intensivo. Foram realizados muitos trabalhos no Paquistão em relação ao peixe LWRs, entretanto, foram ignorados. As carpas foram alimentadas com doze dietas formuladas diferentes contendo quatro fontes diferentes de proteína, ou seja, farinha de peixe (FM), todas as partes de farinha de frango (APCM), glúten de milho (CGM) e farelo de soja (SBM). Cada tipo de proteína foi utilizado em nível de inclusão de 25, 35 e 45% nas dietas formuladas para avaliar a exigência mínima desse ingrediente para o crescimento ideal das espécies em mãos. Os valores da inclinação "b" variaram de 2,20 a 4,90 para essas espécies de carpas que mostraram uma forte relação saudável entre as variáveis ​​nível de proteína e mês.

An estimation of optimum dietary concentration of soy bean meal for carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirhinus mrigala) / Uma estimativa da concentração dietética ideal de farinha de soja para carpas (Catla catla, Labeo rohita e Cirhinus mrigala)

Abstract Soybean meal is an inexpensive plant origin protein which has been used in practical diets as a replacement of animal protein such as fish meal or chicken meal, due to the uneconomical price of animal protein diets. Consequently, a research study was conducted on some commercial species of Indian major carps i.e. Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822) to estimate optimum dietary protein requirement of soy bean meal in diet in an intensive polyculture. Three different diets (SBM I, SBM II and SBM III) were formulated by 80%, 50% and 20% replacement of fish meal with soybean meal from a 45% fish meal diet (control).Highest monthly mean weight gain was obtained by SBM II (with 35% CP and about 50% substitution of fish meal), while SBM III (45% Crude Protein and about 20% substitution of fish meal) was stood second. All tested diets respond enormously by producing high yield as compare to control diet, though SBM II generated highest yield among all. On the bases of the following research, it was revealed that the SBM can surrogate even50% fish meal without any augmentation of other amino acids in the diet of Indian major carps.

Resumo O farelo de soja é uma proteína de origem vegetal de baixo custo que tem sido usada em dietas práticas como um substituto da proteína animal, como farinha de peixe ou farinha de frango, devido ao preço não econômico das dietas com proteína animal. Consequentemente, um estudo/pesquisa foi realizado com algumas espécies comerciais de carpas principais indianas, ou seja, Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) e Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822), para estimar a necessidade ideal de proteína dietética de farelo de soja na dieta em uma policultura intensiva. Três dietas diferentes (SBM I, SBM II e SBM III) foram formuladas por 80%, 50% e 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe por farelo de soja de uma dieta de 45% de farinha de peixe (controle). O maior ganho de peso médio mensal foi obtido por SBM II (com 35% PB e cerca de 50% de substituição de farinha de peixe), enquanto SBM III (45% de proteína bruta e cerca de 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe) ficou em segundo lugar. Todas as dietas testadas respondem enormemente produzindo alto rendimento em comparação com a dieta controle, embora SBM II tenha gerado o maior rendimento entre todas. Com base na pesquisa a seguir, foi revelado que o SBM pode substituir até 50% da farinha de peixe sem qualquer aumento de outros aminoácidos na dieta das carpas principais indianas.

An estimation of optimum dietary concentration of soy bean meal for carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirhinus mrigala)

Abstract Soybean meal is an inexpensive plant origin protein which has been used in practical diets as a replacement of animal protein such as fish meal or chicken meal, due to the uneconomical price of animal protein diets. Consequently, a research study was conducted on some commercial species of Indian major carps i.e. Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822) to estimate optimum dietary protein requirement of soy bean meal in diet in an intensive polyculture. Three different diets (SBM I, SBM II and SBM III) were formulated by 80%, 50% and 20% replacement of fish meal with soybean meal from a 45% fish meal diet (control).Highest monthly mean weight gain was obtained by SBM II (with 35% CP and about 50% substitution of fish meal), while SBM III (45% Crude Protein and about 20% substitution of fish meal) was stood second. All tested diets respond enormously by producing high yield as compare to control diet, though SBM II generated highest yield among all. On the bases of the following research, it was revealed that the SBM can surrogate even50% fish meal without any augmentation of other amino acids in the diet of Indian major carps.

Resumo O farelo de soja é uma proteína de origem vegetal de baixo custo que tem sido usada em dietas práticas como um substituto da proteína animal, como farinha de peixe ou farinha de frango, devido ao preço não econômico das dietas com proteína animal. Consequentemente, um estudo/pesquisa foi realizado com algumas espécies comerciais de carpas principais indianas, ou seja, Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) e Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822), para estimar a necessidade ideal de proteína dietética de farelo de soja na dieta em uma policultura intensiva. Três dietas diferentes (SBM I, SBM II e SBM III) foram formuladas por 80%, 50% e 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe por farelo de soja de uma dieta de 45% de farinha de peixe (controle). O maior ganho de peso médio mensal foi obtido por SBM II (com 35% PB e cerca de 50% de substituição de farinha de peixe), enquanto SBM III (45% de proteína bruta e cerca de 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe) ficou em segundo lugar. Todas as dietas testadas respondem enormemente produzindo alto rendimento em comparação com a dieta controle, embora SBM II tenha gerado o maior rendimento entre todas. Com base na pesquisa a seguir, foi revelado que o SBM pode substituir até 50% da farinha de peixe sem qualquer aumento de outros aminoácidos na dieta das carpas principais indianas.

Variations in growth performance of Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirhinus mrigala) fed with varying levels of fishmeal based diets in intensive farming.

A one year feeding trial was conducted on carps i.e. Catla (Cattla cattla), Mrigal (Cirhinus mrigala) and Rohu (Labeo rohita) to find out appropriate level of fishmeal in diet and their effects on growth, survival and biomass in intensive polyculture. Three different inclusions of fishmeal were used in experimental diets (25%, 35% and 45%). Highest average daily growth was observed by 25% fish meal diet (2.18g, 2.19g and 2.34g for catla, rohu and mrigal respectively), whereas 35% fish meal based diet was next by showing 1.63g average daily growth for catla, 1.73g for rohu and 1.67g for mrigal. Mean values of monthly weight again and average daily growth showed significant differences among treatments. Growth was found to be higher in C. mrigala in case of 25% and 45% and L. rohita in case of 35% fish meal. Minimum FCR was obtained by 25% FM based diets as 3.53±0.41 followed by 45% (3.82±0.33) and 35% (4.05±0.45). The findings of this research trial determine the optimum dietary level of fishmeal and its effectiveness as an important ingredient in diets of Indian major carps. It is proved that a feed by the combination of animal and plant protein is much preferable by carps as compare to a feed with higher concentration of fish meal.

Length-weight relationships of farmed major carps (Cattla cattla, Labeo rohita and Cirhinus mrigala) fed with different sources of protein in an intensive polyculture.

The present findings provide information regarding the length-weight relationships (LWRs) of Indian major carps viz Cattla cattla, Labeo rohita and Cirhinus mrigala in an intensive polyculture system. Much work has been done in Pakistan with respect to fish LWRs, much of such work has been ignored. Carps were fed with twelve different formulated diets containing four different sources of protein i.e. fish meal (FM), all parts chicken meal (APCM), corn gluten (CGM) and soybean meal (SBM). Each type of protein is used at inclusion level of 25, 35 and 45% into the formulated diets to evaluate the minimum requirement of that ingredient for optimal growth of in-hand species. The values of slope "b" ranged from 2.20 to 4.90 for these species of carps which showed a strong healthy relationship among variables (level of protein and months).

Effect of Phytase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Mineral Digestibility, and Tibia Calcium and Phosphorous in Broilers Fed Low Phosphorus Diets

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of phytase supplementation on growth performance, mineral digestibility, and tibia calcium and phosphorous in broilers fed low phosphorus diets. Three hundred broiler chicks were allotted to six different treatments with five replicates each (10 chicks/replicate). T1: Control, 0.5% available phosphorus (Av.P); T2: 0.35P, 0.35% Av.P; T3: 0.20P, 0.20% Av.P; T4: 0.35P-1Phy, diet 0.35P + 1000FTU/kg phytase; T5: 0.20P-2Phy, diet 0.20P + 2000 ftu/kg phytase; T6: 0.20P-3Phy, diet 0.20P + 3000 ftu/kg phytase. Feed intake and weight gain were higher (p=0.001) in broilers fed phytase supplemented diets. Feed conversion ratio was better (p<0.01) in the 0.35P-1Phy than in the others. Calcium and P digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in the 0.35P-1Phy than the 0.35P, 0.20P and 0.20P-2Phy, groups. The highest (p<0.05) tibia ash was observed in the 0.35P and 0.35P-1Phy groups rather than the 0.20P at 21st day, while at 33rd day it was higher (p<0.05) in the control than in 0.20P. At 21st day, tibia Ca content was higher (p<0.05) in the 0.35P-1Phy group as compared to 0.20P and 0.35P, while at 33rd day, tibia Ca content in the control and 0.20P-2Phy groups was higher (p<0.05) than that of 0.20P and 0.35P. Furthermore, tibia P content was higher (p<0.05) in all phytase supplemented groups. It could be concluded that dietary available phosphorus at 0.35% with phytase addition at 1000 FTU/kg reduces the cost per unit weight gain by 9.17%, with positive effects on growth performance.(AU)

An estimation of optimum dietary concentration of soy bean meal for carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirhinus mrigala).

Soybean meal is an inexpensive plant origin protein which has been used in practical diets as a replacement of animal protein such as fish meal or chicken meal, due to the uneconomical price of animal protein diets. Consequently, a research study was conducted on some commercial species of Indian major carps i.e. Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822) to estimate optimum dietary protein requirement of soy bean meal in diet in an intensive polyculture. Three different diets (SBM I, SBM II and SBM III) were formulated by 80%, 50% and 20% replacement of fish meal with soybean meal from a 45% fish meal diet (control).Highest monthly mean weight gain was obtained by SBM II (with 35% CP and about 50% substitution of fish meal), while SBM III (45% Crude Protein and about 20% substitution of fish meal) was stood second. All tested diets respond enormously by producing high yield as compare to control diet, though SBM II generated highest yield among all. On the bases of the following research, it was revealed that the SBM can surrogate even50% fish meal without any augmentation of other amino acids in the diet of Indian major carps.