[Prevalence rate of fatal and nonfatal pulmonary artery thromboembolism at a multimodality hospital].

The authors carried out a retrospective analysis of the causes of fatal and nonfatal pulmonary artery thromboembolisms (PATE) based on the materials of 204 post-mortem examinations of the patients having died at the Republican Scientific Centre for Emergency Medical Care. Of these, PATE as the underlying cause of death was registered in 151 (74.0%) cases, and the remaining 53 (26.0%) patients were found to have had lesions of the pulmonary artery branches on the background of another concomitant fatal pathology. In-life diagnosis of PATE had been made in 42.6% of cases only. Damage to the inferior vena cava (JVC) was recorded in the case history only in 19.9% of those having died of PATE, while of the patients with nonfatal forms of thromb о embolism, having died of other causes, lesions of the venous system had been registered by the attending physicians only in 11.3% of cases. The authors made a conclusion on the importance of improving the organizational, therapeutic and diagnostic measures aimed at prevention and early detection of embolus-threatening phlebothrombosis, as well as implementing more radical and safer methods of preventing PATE.

Disorders of the immune system in severely burned patients.

This paper analyses the results of immunological examinations of 124 patients with thermal injury. We examined indices of peripheral blood such us the size of the population of circulating T-lymphocytes (CD3), T-helpers (CD4), T-suppressors (CD8 and CD25), natural cell killers (CD16), transmembrane protein of apoptotic activity (CD16), B-lymphocytes, phagocyte activity of lymphocytes, and the level of serum antibody of the basic classes (Ig G, A, M). It was discovered that the burn disease was accompanied by deeply marked secondary immune deficiency primarily caused by all components of the active suppression of the cellular link of the immune system and reduction of phagocyte activity of neutrophils.

[Symptom-free phlebothrombosis and hereditary thrombophilia in patients with a skeletal injury].

The authors have studied the frequency of revealing phlebothrombosis of the system of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in the acute period of a mechanical injury by means of coloured duplex scanning (CDS). Formulated herein are both treatment policy and principles of prevention of thromboembolic complications in severe lesions of the locomotor system. Carried out was a screening sonographic examination of the IVC bed in a total of 137 injured people on days 3 and 7 after a skeletal wound. Of these, 24 patients who later on were diagnosed with phlebothrombosis signs underwent the molecular genetic testing of DNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in order to determine hereditary predisposition to thrombogenesis (genetically conditioned thrombophilia). It was found that the incidence rate of symptom-free thrombosis of the IVC bed in those presenting with fractures of pelvic bones and lower extremities amounted to 17.5%. As surgical prevention suggested herein is the authors' technique of IVC clipping.