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BACKGROUND:Sarcopenia refers to age-related progressive,systemic muscle mass reduction and/or muscle strength decline or muscle physiological function decline,which is related to the occurrence of a variety of adverse outcomes in older adults.Exercise is considered to be one of the main strategies for combating sarcopenia in older adults,but there is a lack of specific intervention methods of different exercise patterns to intervene in sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE:To elaborate the main influencing factors of sarcopenia and the research progress of different exercise methods to improve sarcopenia in older adults,providing reference and basis for combating sarcopenia in older adults. METHODS:Web of Science,PubMed,CNKI,VIP,WanFang databases were retrieved for relevant literature published from January 2000 to October 2023 using the keywords of"sarcopenia,sport,exercise intervention,resistant training,aerobic exercise,whole body vibration training,mixed training,physical performance,muscle strength,muscle mass"in Chinese and English,respectively.A total of 126 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Resistance exercise is still the most effective way to prevent and treat senile sarcopenia,and the effect of high-intensity resistance exercise is more significant.However,in practical application,we should pay attention to the gradual increase of training load intensity.Aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise is more effective to improve muscle mass and function in the elderly than a single exercise mode.It is suggested that older adults can carry out the transition of low-intensity aerobic exercise in the early stage and increase resistance exercise individually in the late stage.Whole body vibration training is a new treatment method for the prevention and treatment of senile sarcopenia,but particular attention should be paid to the effects of frequency,amplitude,and duration on patients during practical application.Multicomponent exercise combines different exercise modes,which can give full play to their respective advantages,so as to personalize exercise interventions.
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Background: Peak oxygen pulse (O2Ppeak) can reflect the condition of cardiovascular function and provide supplementary information for maximal oxygen uptake, but its direct measurement requires the precise instruments under the guidance of professionals, and the subjects should strive to the state of exhaustion. Objectives: The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to establish a prediction equation to estimate O2Ppeak of Chinese adults aged 20-39, from routine measures of anthropometry and cardiovascular function. Methods: 252 adults (20-39 years old) were recruited and randomly allocated to the validation group (n = 226) and the cross-validation group (n = 26). To be included in the study, subjects were required to be healthy, none-professional sports experience (healthy individuals who are not athletes or have had experience as athletes), and no medication taken recently. Subjects with cardiovascular diseases, lung disease and musculoskeletal diseases were excluded. The subjects' anthropometric and cardiovascular variables were measured and each subject performed a maximal exercise test on an electromagnetic cycle ergometer. Results: The O2Ppeak estimated equation was developed using multiple linear regression models, O2Ppeak = 30.394 + 0.083 x body mass (kg) - 0.090 x resting heart rate (bpm) - 0.157 x age (years) - 2.710 x gender (1 = male, 2 = female) - 0.035 x systolic blood pressure (mmHg). The equation had the coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.804 and the standard error of estimate (SEE) = 1.619 ml/beat. An ANOVA and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) were tested. Bland-Altman graphs were plotted to examine the distribution of bias. Cross-validation estimated O2Ppeak and directly measured O2Ppeak did not show significant difference while had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The established equation has high effectiveness and reliability to predict O2Ppeak of adults aged 20-39.
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Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane exposure on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)axis development in neonatal rats.Methods Fifty-four SD rats (P6)were randomly divided into three groups:control group (group C),sevoflurane group (group S)and bu-metanide+sevoflurane group (group BS),n = 18 in each group.In group C,rats were treated with pure oxygen for 6 hours and rats in group S received 2.1% sevoflurane anesthesia for 6 h.Rats in group BS also received 2.1% sevoflurane anesthesia for 6 h,but they were injected with bumetanide before 30 min and at 3 h during the anesthesia.6 rats from each group were randomly selected and the tail blood was collected to measure the corticosterone in the serum using ELISA.Remaining rats in each group were normally housed to P60.A elevated plus maze (EPM)were employed to investigate the anxiety-like behavior,and restraint stress were used to evaluate the function of HPA axis. Results In P6 rats,sevoflurane significantly increased the serum corticosterone level (P < 0.01 ) while bumetanide pretreatment decreased corticosterone level (P <0.01).In P60 rats,neonatal expo-sure to sevoflurane decreased the visits and time spent in the open arms of EPM (P < 0.05 ),in-creased the corticosterone level pre-stress and post-stress (P <0.05 or P < 0.01 ).Pretreatment of bumetanide normalized serum corticosterone level and the anxiety behavior in the EPM. Conclusion Neonatal sevoflurane exposure caused hyperactive HPA axis in rats,which is normalized by bumetanide pretreatment through blocking GABAA receptors.