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The aim of this study was to evaluate embryo transfer in cattle as a pathway of transmitting neosporosis and to quantitatively and qualitatively compare the embryo production from seropositive and seronegative donors. Superovulatory treatments were performed on eight Girolando donors (four seropositive and four seronegative for N. caninum), resulting in the recovery of ninety-one structures (embryos and non-fertilized structures). Embryos collected and classified as viable were transferred to seronegative recipients and analyzed by PCR to identify N. caninum. No difference was observed in the number of structures collected from seropositive and seronegative donors (40 and 51; P = 0.64). There was a significant difference in the percentages of freezable (25â¯% and 74â¯%, P = 0.04) and transferable (27.5â¯% and 78.4â¯%, P = 0.003) embryos. The recipients had similar pregnancy rates (60â¯% and 57.1â¯%, P = 0.97) and pregnancy loss (50â¯% and 43.8â¯%, P = 0.58). There was no change in the serological status of the recipients, and no protozoan DNA was identified in none of the samples. It was concluded that the embryo transfer technique is safe regarding the transmission of neosporosis; however, the quality of embryo production was compromised from donors seropositive for N. caninum.
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Reference growth curves are viable tools for monitoring somatic growth. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop reference growth curves for body mass, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in Brazilian children and adolescents aged 7-14 years. The reference growth curves were constructed from a cross-sectional panel study using data from four surveys conducted in 2002, 2007, 2012/2013 and 2018/2019, with 9675 children and adolescents aged 7-14 years, of both sexes from Florianopolis, Southern Brazil. Growth curves were constructed using the LMS method, based on anthropometric indicators and indices (body mass, height, BMI, WC and WHtR), measured according to standardised norms. There was an increase in body mass, height, BMI and WC values with increasing age in both sexes and percentiles (P5, P10, P25, P50, P75, P85 and P95). The girls presented higher values of body mass, BMI and WC in the analysed percentiles, compared to the boys. Regarding height, there was a higher value from 10 to 11 years old in girls and from 12 to 14 years old in boys. WHtR decreased with increasing age in both sexes and analysed percentiles. Region-specific reference growth curves can enable the monitoring of somatic growth of particular paediatric populations, expanding discussions in different regions of the world.
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BACKGROUND: Coaches usually reduce the training load (tapering) before competition to improve performance; however, in paralympic athletes this strategy had not yet been tested and we did not know which variables are associated with improved performance. Therefore, the objective was to compare the sleep, mood, sports performance, and reaction time (RT) of paralympic swimmers (PS) during tapering and to investigate whether there is a relationship between the variables during this training phase. METHODS: Eight PS were monitored for 17 days before the main competition, with an actigraphy to record sleep in 16 days. Evaluations were performed on Mondays (Evaluation 1 = E1) and Fridays (E2) during the first and second weeks (E3 and E4), and on Tuesday (E5) of the third week, the day traveling to the competition. Brunel Mood Scale, RT (Psychomotor Vigilance Test), and sports performance (50 m in the pool) were assessed before training on each assessment day. Internal training load (ITL) was evaluated using ratings of perceived exertion. RESULTS: ITL decreased gradually between assessments. Performance and RT were better on E5 than on E1. Fatigue was higher on E1 and E2 than on E4 and E5. Sleep parameters (total sleep time [TST], awakenings after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency) improved in the second week compared with the first week. Furthermore, TST from the previous night was correlated with RT, and RT and fatigue correlated with sports performance. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in TST and the reduction in fatigue just before competition achieved by tapering correlated with the improvement in RT and sports performance. In addition, the tapering improved sports performance, RT, sleep parameters, and decreased fatigue.
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Objective: To evaluate the influence of dietary patterns on the incidence and evolution of COVID-19. We hypothesised that a plant-based diet or a vegetarian diet compared with an omnivorous diet might be associated with a lower incidence of COVID-19 infection and severity in those infected. Design: In this observational study, 702 participants provided information on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary information and COVID-19 outcomes between March and July of 2022. Individuals were divided into two groups based on their dietary habits, omnivorous (n=424) and plant-based (n=278). The plant-based group was further divided into vegetarian and flexitarian subgroups. The groups were compared with respect to the incidence of COVID-19 infection, severity and duration. We used multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate the influence of dietary patterns. Results: Plant-based and vegetarian groups had a higher intake of vegetables, legumes and nuts, and lower intake of dairy and meat. After adjusting for important confounders, such as body mass index, physical activity and pre-existing medical conditions, the plant-based diet and vegetarian group had 39% (OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.85; p=0.003) and 39% (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.88; p=0.009) lower odds of the incidence of COVID-19 infection, respectively, compared with the omnivorous group. No association was observed between self-reported diets and COVID-19 severity or duration. Conclusion: Plant-based and mainly vegetarian diets were associated with a lower incidence of COVID-19 infection. These dietary patterns may be considered protective against COVID-19 infection. (Study protocol registered in CAAE: 54351421.4.0000.0068.).
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Seroprevalence studies on cats are essential for monitoring the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii infection. The present research investigated anti-T. gondii antibodies, risk factors, clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry in cats from different regions of Rio de Janeiro. An overall 18.7% (17/91) of the cats were seroreactive, and age was associated with increased chances of seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies. Clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry parameters did not help achieve an antemortem diagnosis of cat toxoplasmosis. The parasite circulates in cats from three major regions of Rio de Janeiro, and the present data set will contribute to future epidemiological studies in this endemic state of Brazil.
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Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis Animal , Gatos , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Toxoplasmosis Animal/epidemiología , Toxoplasmosis Animal/parasitología , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Factores de Riesgo , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
Introduction: Pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation requires individualized nutritional therapy, and the use of early enteral nutrition is beneficial. This study aims to analyze the use of enteral nutrition therapy in pediatric patients undergoing autologous transplantation. Methods: This is a descriptive cohort study conducted with data from electronic medical records of pediatric patients undergoing autologous transplantation from 2017 to 2022, using enteral nutrition. Nutritional and clinical variables and biochemical markers were assessed at four time points: day 0, day +5, day +10 and day +15. Results: The sample consisted of 50 patients. On average, the nasoenteral tube was inserted on D-4 and the enteral feeding started on D-3. On D0, most patients used a normocaloric polymeric enteral formula, but on D + 10, when diarrhea (p = 0.017) and mucositis (p < 0.001) worsened, the most commonly used enteral formula was a hypocaloric pediatric semi-elemental formula. On D + 15, 35% of patients were receiving parenteral nutrition. At discharge, the patient's nutritional status had worsened compared to admission (p < 0.001). Discussion: Early use of enteral nutrition was observed, as adopted in other transplant centers and recommended in the literature. Protocols and guidelines are needed to support enteral nutritional therapy in pediatric transplantation.
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Methyl-eugenol (ME) and eugenol (EUG) are phenylpropanoids with vasodilatory effects. While EUG's vasorelaxant effect in human umbilical artery (HUA) is known, their action in veins is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate ME and EUG in human umbilical vein (HUV). Isolated HUV underwent tension recordings. ME and EUG caused 100â¯% relaxation in HUV, with EC50 values corresponding to: 174.3 ± 7.3 and 217.3 ± 6.2⯵M for ME and EUG respectively in presence of K+; 362.3 ± 5.4 and 227.7 ± 4.9⯵M for ME and EUG respectively and in presence of serotonin (5-HT). It was observed that in presence of BaCl2 and CaCl2 evoked contractions, ME (800 and 1000⯵M) and EUG (1000 and 1400⯵M) prevent the contractions. In presence of K+ channel blockers it was observed that ME promoted relaxation compared to its control, except in presence of 4-AP, suggesting a possible Ca2+-dependent K+ channel activation for this molecule; EUG increased all EC50 in presence of the K+ blockers except in presence of TEA 1â¯mM. Greater pharmacological potency was observed for ME. This study highlights natural substances' effects on HUV contractile parameters, suggesting ME and EUG as potential vasodilators in maintaining fetal oxygenation and venous flow during gestational hypertensive syndromes.
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Eugenol , Venas Umbilicales , Vasodilatación , Vasodilatadores , Eugenol/farmacología , Eugenol/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Vasodilatadores/farmacología , Vasodilatación/efectos de los fármacos , Venas Umbilicales/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Potasio/farmacología , Técnicas In Vitro , Serotonina/farmacología , Serotonina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Pyriproxyfen (PPF), Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (BTI), and malathion (MLT) are widely used worldwide to control the population of mosquitos that transmit arboviruses. The current work aimed to evaluate the toxicity of these single pesticides and their binary mixtures of PPF + BTI, PPF + MLT, and MLT + BTI on the embryo-larval stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model. Epiboly, mortality, apical endpoints, affected animals, heart rate, morphometric, thigmotaxis, touch sensitivity, and optomotor response tests were evaluated. PPF and MLT and all mixtures reduced the epiboly percentage. Mortality increased significantly in all exposed groups, except BTI, with MLT being the most toxic. The observed apical endpoints were pericardial and yolk sac edemas, and tail and spine deformation. Exposure to MLT showed a higher percentage of affected animals. A reduction in heart rate was also observed in MLT- and PPF + MLT-exposed groups. The PPF + MLT mixture decreased head measurements. Behavioral alterations were observed, with a decrease in thigmotaxis and touch sensitivity responses in PPF + MLT and MLT + BTI groups. Finally, optomotor responses were affected in all groups. The above data obtained suggest that the MLT + PFF mixture has the greatest toxicity effects. This mixture affected embryo-larval development and behavior and is close to the reality in several cities that use both pesticides for mosquito control rather than single pesticides, leading to a reevaluation of the strategy for mosquito control.
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Bacillus thuringiensis , Larva , Malatión , Control de Mosquitos , Piridinas , Pez Cebra , Animales , Malatión/toxicidad , Control de Mosquitos/métodos , Piridinas/toxicidad , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Embrión no Mamífero/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Athletes with tetraplegia may experience marked hyperthermia while exercising under environmental heat stress due to their limited ability to dissipate heat through evaporative means. This study investigated the effectiveness of two external cooling strategies (i.e., spraying water onto the body surface or using a cooling vest) on physiological and perceptual variables in tetraplegic athletes during and after an aerobic exercise session in a hot environment. Nine male wheelchair rugby players performed an incremental test to determine their maximum aerobic power output. After that, they were subjected to three experimental trials in a counter-balanced order: control (CON, no body cooling), cooling vest (CV), and water spraying (WS). During these trials, they performed 30 min of a submaximal exercise (at 65% of their maximum aerobic power) inside an environmental chamber set to maintain the dry-bulb temperature at 32 °C. The following variables were recorded at regular intervals during the exercise and for an additional 30 min following the exertion (i.e., post-exercise recovery) with the participants also exposed to 32 °C: body core temperature (TCORE), skin temperature (TSKIN), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal comfort (TC), and thermal sensation (TS). While exercising in CON conditions, the tetraplegic athletes had the expected increases in TCORE, TSKIN, HR, RPE, and TC and TS scores. HR, TC, and TS decreased gradually toward pre-exercise values after the exercise, whereas TCORE and TSKIN remained stable at higher values. Using a cooling vest decreased the temperature measured only on the chest and reduced the scores of RPE, TC, and TS during and after exercise but did not influence the other physiological responses of the tetraplegic athletes. In contrast, spraying water onto the athletes' body surface attenuated the exercise-induced increase in TSKIN, led to lower HR values during recovery, and was also associated with better perception during and after exercise. We conclude that water spraying is more effective than the cooling vest in attenuating physiological strain induced by exercise-heat stress. However, although both external cooling strategies do not influence exercise hyperthermia, they improve the athletes' thermal perception and reduce perceived exertion.
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Ejercicio Físico , Cuadriplejía , Humanos , Masculino , Cuadriplejía/fisiopatología , Cuadriplejía/terapia , Adulto , Calor , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Regulación de la Temperatura Corporal , Atletas , Adulto Joven , Temperatura Corporal , Sensación Térmica , Temperatura CutáneaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Triatoma infestans, Triatoma brasiliensis, Triatoma pseudomaculata and Rhodnius prolixus are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Chickens serve as an important blood food source for triatomines. This study aimed to assess the insecticidal activity of fluralaner (Exzolt®) administered to chickens against triatomines (R. prolixus, T. infestans, T. brasiliensis and T. pseudomaculata). METHODS: Twelve non-breed chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were randomized based on weight into three groups: negative control (n = 4); a single dose of 0.5 mg/kg fluralaner (Exzolt®) (n = 4); two doses of 0.5 mg/kg fluralaner (Exzolt®) (n = 4). Nymphs of 3rd, 4th and 5th instars of R. prolixus, T. infestans, T. brasiliensis and T. pseudomaculata (all n = 10) were allowed to feed on chickens before treatment, and at intervals of 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 56 days after treatment, with insect mortality determined. RESULTS: Treatment with two doses of fluralaner showed higher insecticidal efficacy against R. prolixus, T. infestans and T. brasiliensis compared to the single-dose treatment. Similar insecticidal efficacy was observed for T. pseudomaculata for one and two doses of fluralaner. Insecticidal activity of fluralaner (Exzolt®) against triatomine bugs was noted up to 21 and 28 days after treatment with one and two doses of fluralaner, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that treatment of chickens with fluralaner (Exzolt®) induces insecticidal activity against triatomines for up to 28 days post-treatment, suggesting its potential use as a control strategy for Chagas disease in endemic areas.
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Pollos , Insecticidas , Isoxazoles , Animales , Pollos/parasitología , Isoxazoles/farmacología , Isoxazoles/administración & dosificación , Insecticidas/farmacología , Insecticidas/administración & dosificación , Insectos Vectores/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedad de Chagas/transmisión , Enfermedad de Chagas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Chagas/veterinaria , Triatominae , Ninfa/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & control , Triatoma/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between depressive symptoms and the occurrence of oral mucositis in children with oncological diseases treated at a reference hospital. This was a cross-sectional study conducted with individuals aged 4 to 18 years, diagnosed with primary neoplasms. Data was collected by using a questionnaire that assessed the degree of oral mucositis according to the World Health Organization index, the risk of oral mucositis according to the Child's International Mucositis Evaluation Scale, and depressive symptoms using the Children's Depression Inventory. The data were analyzed and subjected to Spearman's correlation, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test, considering p<0.05. A statistically significant correlation was observed between depressive symptoms and the degree of oral mucositis (p = 0.044), and also between the "pain" variable within the risk of oral mucositis and depressive symptoms (p = 0.021). Based on the findings, it can be inferred that oral mucositis may be associated with the development of depressive symptoms and may be influenced by the individual's hospitalization, thereby affecting the quality of life of pediatric patients.
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Depresión , Neoplasias , Calidad de Vida , Estomatitis , Humanos , Estomatitis/psicología , Estomatitis/etiología , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Preescolar , Depresión/psicología , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neoplasias/psicología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders have a prevalence of 30% to 70% in post-stroke individuals. The presence of sleep disorders and poor sleep quality after stroke can affect important functions and lead to worse outcomes. However, most studies are restricted to the acute post-stroke stage only. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of self-reported sleep alterations in a sample of chronic stroke individuals and to identify which self-reported sleep alterations were associated with disability. METHODS: Prospective exploratory study. Self-reported sleep alterations were measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and STOP-Bang Questionnaire. The dependent variable was measured 3 years after the first contact by the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Step-wise multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify which sleep alterations were associated with disability. RESULTS: Sixty-five individuals with stroke participated. About 67.7% of participants had poor sleep quality, 52.4% reported insomnia symptoms, 33.9% reported excessive daytime sleepiness, and 80.0% were classified as intermediate or high risk for obstructive sleep apnea. Only risk for obstructive sleep apnea was significantly associated with disability and explained 5% of the variance in the mRS scores. CONCLUSION: Self-reported sleep alterations had a considerable frequency in a sample of chronic stroke individuals. The risk of obstructive sleep apnea was associated with disability in the chronic stage of stroke. Sleep alterations must be considered and evaluated in the rehabilitation process even after a long period since the stroke onset.
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Autoinforme , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatología , Anciano , Estudios Longitudinales , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/etiología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/epidemiología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/fisiopatología , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/etiología , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/epidemiología , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/fisiopatología , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , AdultoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Citral is a low-toxicity monoterpene that has a vasodilator effect on various smooth muscles, and The present study aimed to evaluate its vasorelaxant effect on umbilical vessels of normotensive parturients (NTP) and with preeclampsia parturients (PEP). METHOD: Segments of human umbilical artery (HUA) and vein (HUV) of NTP or PEP were mounted in a bath to record the force of contraction, under tension of 3.0 gf and contracted with the contracting agents: K+ (60 mM), 5 -HT (10 µM) and Ba2+ (1-30 mM). Next, the effect of citral (1-3000 µM) on these contractions and on basal tone was evaluated. RESULTS: In HUA and HUV, citral (1-1000 µM), in NTP condition, inhibited contractions evoked by K+ (IC50 of 413.5 and 271.3, respectively) and by 5-HT (IC50 of 164.8 and 574.3). In the PEP condition, in HUA and HUV, citral also inhibited the contractions evoked by K+ (IC50 of 363.3 and 218.3, respectively) and 5-HT (IC50 of 432.1 and 520.4). At a concentration of 1000 µM, citral completely or almost completely (>90 %) inhibited all contractions. At a concentration of 100-1000 µM, citral, in general, was already able to reduce the contraction induced by 1-3 mM Ba2+ in both AUH and VUH, under NTP and PEP conditions. DISCUSSION: Citral has been shown to be an effective HUA and HUV vasodilator in NTP and PEP. As its toxicity is low, it suggests that this substance can be considered a potential therapeutic agent.
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Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Monoterpenos , Preeclampsia , Arterias Umbilicales , Vasodilatadores , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Preeclampsia/fisiopatología , Monoterpenos Acíclicos/farmacología , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Arterias Umbilicales/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Vasodilatadores/farmacología , Venas Umbilicales/efectos de los fármacos , Vasodilatación/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The present study assessed the influence of physical training on cardiac autonomic activity in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) during different sleep stages. METHODS: Twenty-six volunteers were allocated into three groups: 9 sedentary individuals without SCI (control, CON); 8 sedentary tetraplegic individuals with chronic SCI (SED-SCI); 9 physically trained tetraplegic individuals with chronic SCI (TR-SCI). All participants underwent nocturnal polysomnography to monitor sleep stages: wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (N1, N2, and N3 stages), and REM sleep. The electrocardiography data obtained during this exam were extracted to analyze the heart rate variability (HRV). RESULTS: Sleep stages influenced HRV in the time [RR interval and root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD)] and frequency [low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) powers and LF-to-HF ratio] domains (P < 0.05). SED-SCI individuals showed unchanged HRV compared to CON (P > 0.05). When comparing the TR-SCI and SED-SCI groups, no significant differences in HRV were reported in the time domain (P > 0.05). However, in the frequency domain, more accentuated HF power was observed in TR-SCI than in SED-SCI individuals during the N2 and N3 stages and REM sleep (P < 0.05). Moreover, TR-SCI had higher HF power than CON during the N3 stage (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TR-SCI individuals have greater HF power, indicative of parasympathetic modulation, than sedentary (injured or not injured) individuals during different sleep stages. Therefore, enhanced parasympathetic activity induced by physical training may improve cardiac autonomic modulation during sleep in individuals with chronic SCI.
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Fases del Sueño , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal , Humanos , Fases del Sueño/fisiología , Sistema Nervioso Autónomo , Sueño/fisiología , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/complicaciones , Sueño REM/fisiología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Sleep problems are common in individuals with low back pain (LBP) and sleep restriction seems to be associated with impaired pain processing. Our objective was to investigate whether sleep is associated with future LBP outcomes (i.e. pain intensity, disability, and recovery) in adults. We conducted a systematic review of prospective cohort studies and secondary analyses of randomized controlled trials (registration-PROSPERO CRD42022370781). In December 2022, we searched the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. Fourteen studies, totaling 19 170 participants were included. Thirteen studies were rated as having high risk of bias (QUIPS tool). We used vote-counting and meta-analysis approaches to synthesize the data. We found associations between baseline sleep with future pain intensity, recovery, and between changes in sleep with changes in pain intensity, changes in disability, and recovery. We further synthesized outcomes as "overall LBP improvement" outcomes. Baseline poor sleep was moderately associated with non-improvement in LBP in the long-very long term (OR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.39 to 1.73; three studies providing unadjusted effect sizes), and non-improvement in sleep was largely associated with non-improvement in LBP in the short-moderate term (OR 3.45, 95% CI: 2.54 to 4.69; four studies providing unadjusted effect sizes). We found no association between baseline sleep with future disability and overall LBP improvement in the short-moderate term. Therefore, sleep may be a prognostic factor for pain intensity and recovery from LBP. All findings were supported by low to very low-quality evidence. Better-conducted studies are needed to strengthen our certainty about the evidence.
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Dolor de la Región Lumbar , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/fisiopatología , Humanos , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/fisiopatología , Sueño/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Perillyl alcohol (POH) is a monoterpenoid found in plant essential oils and has been shown to relax murine vessels, but its effect on human vessels remains poorly studied. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to characterize the effect of POH on human umbilical arteries (HUA). METHODS: Rings of HUA were obtained from uncomplicated patients and suspended in an organ bath for isometric recording. The vasorelaxant effect of POH in HUA was evaluated on basal tone and electromechanical or pharmacomechanical contractions, and possible mechanisms of action were also investigated. RESULTS: POH (1-1000 µM) altered the basal tone of HUA and completely relaxed HUA rings precontracted with KCl (60 mM) or 5-HT (10 µM), obtaining greater potency in the pharmacomechanical pathway (EC50 110.1 µM), suggesting a complex interference in the mobilization of extra- and intracellular Ca2+. POH (1000 µM) inhibited contractions induced by BaCl2 (0.1-30 mM) in a similar way to nifedipine (10 µM), indicating a possible blockade of L-type VOCC. In the presence of potassium channel blockers, tetraethylammonium (1 mM), 4-aminopyridine (1 mM), or glibenclamide (10 µM), an increase in the EC50 value of the POH was observed, suggesting a modulation of the activity of BKCa, KV, and KATP channels. CONCLUSION: The data from this study suggest that POH modulates Ca2+ and K+ ion channels to induce a relaxant response in HUA.
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The aim of this experiment was to evaluate growth, body development and ingestive behavior of Nelore and crossbred heifers. Twenty-two contemporary heifers (eight Nelore, seven Nelore × Angus (½ Angus) and seven Nelore × Pantaneiro (½ Pantaneiro) crosses) were evaluated. The variables evaluated were weight, subcutaneous fat thickness [assessed by ultrasound in the longissimus dorsi (SFT) and biceps femoris (SFTP8)] morphometric measures and ingestive behavior (determined between 7 am and 5 pm). The daily gain differed between the breeds (P < 0.05), being greater for the ½ Pantaneiro than Nelore and equal to ½ Angus at the end of the study. The ½ Angus heifers differed (P < 0.01) from the other breeds for SFT (4.36 mm), with no difference between Nelore (2.77 mm) and ½ Pantaneiro (3.38 mm). The SFTP8 was greater (P < 0.01) (5.36 mm) in ½ Angus heifers than t others crossbreed, and greater in ½ Pantaneiro than in Nelore (4.28 vs 3.29 mm). The heart girth and rump width between the ilia were larger (P < 0.01) for the ½ Angus than ½ Pantaneiro and Nelore (169 cm; 41.6 cm, respectively). Substernal height was greatest (P < 0.01) for the Nelore (69.1 cm), reflecting the greater anterior and posterior height. The ½ Angus spent the longest time (P < 0.05) walking and less time grazing. Idleness also differed (P < 0.05) throughout the day. Crossbred heifers exhibited better performance and development than Nelore. The grazing pattern of ½ Pantaneiro heifers was identical to Nelore, but walked less, gained more weight, and exhibited better carcass finishing.
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Corazón , Hibridación Genética , Animales , Bovinos , FemeninoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Para athletes experience high prevalence and incidence of health problems related to sport. Despite this, there are few longitudinal studies. OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics, prevalence, incidence, and severity of health problems in para athletes from one of the Brazilian Paralympic Reference Centers during a sports season and to compare the prevalence of health problems between para athletics, para powerlifting, and para swimming. METHODS: This prospective pilot study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020. The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems was used to record injuries and illnesses every week for 24 weeks. The characteristics, prevalence, incidence, and severity of health problems were described for each modality. The prevalence of health problems was compared among the three sport modalities. RESULTS: Thirty-five para athletes participated. Most of the injuries occurred in the shoulder, and most illnesses caused respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. The average weekly prevalence and the incidence rate of health problems were 40.6% (95% CI 17.0-64.4) and 12.7 (95% CI 9.6-15.9) per 1000 athlete hours, respectively. Para powerlifting had the highest prevalence of all and substantial health problems; para swimming had the lowest prevalence of injuries; and para athletics had the lowest prevalence of illnesses. CONCLUSIONS: This group of Brazilian para athletes showed a high prevalence and incidence of health problems throughout the season. Para athletics, para powerlifting, and para swimming each had a different prevalence of injuries and illnesses.
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Personas con Discapacidad , Paratletas , Humanos , Incidencia , Proyectos Piloto , Estudios Prospectivos , Prevalencia , Brasil/epidemiología , Estaciones del Año , Natación , AtletasRESUMEN
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of cancer that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It currently accounts for about 2% of diagnosed malignant tumors worldwide, with 296,000 new cases reported per year. The first-choice treatment consists of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy, which increases patients' survival by 15 months. New clinical and pre-clinical research aims to improve this prognosis by proposing the search for new drugs that effectively eliminate cancer cells, circumventing problems such as resistance to treatment. One of the promising therapeutic strategies in the treatment of GBM is the inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which is closely related to the process of tumor carcinogenesis. This review sought to address the main scientific studies of synthetic or natural drug prototypes that target specific therapy co-directed via the PI3K pathway, against human glioblastoma.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioblastoma , Humanos , Glioblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologíaRESUMEN
This systematic review aims to identify the sleep parameters of Olympic athletes and the instruments used to assess and monitor the sleep of these athletes. The search was conducted until February 2023 and was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. This systematic review has included studies that investigated at least one of the following sleep parameters: total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep efficiency (SE), awakenings after sleep onset (WASO), quality of sleep, daytime sleepiness, and chronotype; the participants were Olympic athletes. The search returned a total of 280 studies. After screening based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, 11 studies were included. The main results demonstrate that Olympic athletes have TST of 06:10 h, SE of 84%, SOL of 28 min, and WASO of 49 min. The most predominant chronotype is indifferent; over half of the athletes have poor sleep quality and complaints. Furthermore, actigraphy was the most used method to assess sleep. It is concluded that Olympic athletes have TST, SE, and WASO poor than the recommended values. In addition, sleep complaints and poor sleep quality were also observed. Among the objective sleep assessment methods, actigraphy was the method most frequently used in this population.