Reference growth curves of anthropometric markers in Brazilian children and adolescents aged 7-14 years from southern Brazil.

Reference growth curves are viable tools for monitoring somatic growth. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop reference growth curves for body mass, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in Brazilian children and adolescents aged 7-14 years. The reference growth curves were constructed from a cross-sectional panel study using data from four surveys conducted in 2002, 2007, 2012/2013 and 2018/2019, with 9675 children and adolescents aged 7-14 years, of both sexes from Florianopolis, Southern Brazil. Growth curves were constructed using the LMS method, based on anthropometric indicators and indices (body mass, height, BMI, WC and WHtR), measured according to standardised norms. There was an increase in body mass, height, BMI and WC values with increasing age in both sexes and percentiles (P5, P10, P25, P50, P75, P85 and P95). The girls presented higher values of body mass, BMI and WC in the analysed percentiles, compared to the boys. Regarding height, there was a higher value from 10 to 11 years old in girls and from 12 to 14 years old in boys. WHtR decreased with increasing age in both sexes and analysed percentiles. Region-specific reference growth curves can enable the monitoring of somatic growth of particular paediatric populations, expanding discussions in different regions of the world.

Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and risk factors in cats in Rio de Janeiro.

Seroprevalence studies on cats are essential for monitoring the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii infection. The present research investigated anti-T. gondii antibodies, risk factors, clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry in cats from different regions of Rio de Janeiro. An overall 18.7% (17/91) of the cats were seroreactive, and age was associated with increased chances of seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies. Clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry parameters did not help achieve an antemortem diagnosis of cat toxoplasmosis. The parasite circulates in cats from three major regions of Rio de Janeiro, and the present data set will contribute to future epidemiological studies in this endemic state of Brazil.

Methodological aspects and characteristics of participants in the study on the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents in Florianópolis, Southern Brazil, 2018-2019: EPOCA study.

PURPOSE: To describe the methodological aspects and characteristics of the participants of the EPOCA survey. METHODS: The study was conducted with schoolchildren aged between seven to 14 years old from 30 schools in Florianópolis, Southern Brazil. Body mass, height, girths, and skinfold thicknesses were measured. Food consumption and physical activity from the previous day were self-reported using the validated Web-CAAFE questionnaire. Adolescents completed a specific questionnaire about physical activity, meal consumption, and weight control behaviors. Parents/guardians responded to a sociodemographic and habits questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 1671 schoolchildren participated in the study (response rate: 27.2%). About 63% of schoolchildren were enrolled in public schools. Most studied in the morning shift (54.2%), were female (53.1%) and aged between seven and 10 years (58.1%). The prevalence of overweight was 33.7% and obesity was 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained will allow us to assess the trend in the prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated factors when compared to other surveys performed. Descriptions of the logistics and protocols can help in the development and improvement of similar studies. It is hoped that the results of EPOCA 2018/2019 may help in the design of obesity prevention policies and programs for this population.

Body image in children and adolescents diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: The relationship with body image, which is the way the body presents itself to each subject, can be aggravated in children and adolescents diagnosed with an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, since these patients use antiretroviral therapy and may suffer from the adverse effects of the treatment due to continuous use of medication. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction, to describe the assessment methods, and to identify associated factors in children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV. DESIGN AND SETTING: This is a systematic review. Department of Physical Education, Florianópolis - Brazil METHODS: We followed the procedures of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) and the Cochrane recommendations in the selection of articles through a search performed in eight databases. RESULTS: Prevalence of body image dissatisfaction due to thinness was between 36.7-52.0% in males and 28.1-36.4% in females, and body image dissatisfaction due to overweight was between 8.0-31.2% in males and 21.9-50.0% in females. Factors associated with body image dissatisfaction were as follows: female sex, older age, low levels of physical activity, low self-esteem, higher body fat, higher body weight, greater arm muscle area, triceps skinfold thickness, and higher body mass index. CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents of both sexes diagnosed with HIV infection are dissatisfied by thinness and overweight of their body image. REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ (CRD42021257676).

Body image in children and adolescents diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review.

CONTEXT: The relationship with body image, which is the way the body presents itself to each subject, can be aggravated in children and adolescents diagnosed with an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, since these patients use antiretroviral therapy and may suffer from the adverse effects of the treatment due to continuous use of medication. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction, to describe the assessment methods, and to identify associated factors in children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV. DESIGN AND SETTING: This is a systematic review. Department of Physical Education, Florianópolis - Brazil. METHODS: We followed the procedures of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) and the Cochrane recommendations in the selection of articles through a search performed in eight databases. RESULTS: Prevalence of body image dissatisfaction due to thinness was between 36.7-52.0% in males and 28.1-36.4% in females, and body image dissatisfaction due to overweight was between 8.0-31.2% in males and 21.9-50.0% in females. Factors associated with body image dissatisfaction were as follows: female sex, older age, low levels of physical activity, low self-esteem, higher body fat, higher body weight, greater arm muscle area, triceps skinfold thickness, and higher body mass index. CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents of both sexes diagnosed with HIV infection are dissatisfied by thinness and overweight of their body image. REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ (CRD42021257676).

Aspects to consider in health professionals' promotion of physical activity / Aspectos a serem considerados na promoção de atividade física por profissionais de saúde

In Brazil, bodily practices and physical activity (BPPA) have come a long way, with the implementa-tion of policies, actions and programs that have substantially contributed to public health. However, recent setbacks, in which political instability, scarcity and cuts in public spending predominate, show that more progress and consolidation in the National Health System (SUS) are still needed. Thus, the objective of this article is to demonstrate the aspects that must be considered for promoting BPPA in primary health care, discussing its complexity and multifactorial nature, aimed at health profession-als, especially in physical education. In conclusion, essential aspects were highlighted, ranging from the struggle to defend and advance public policies that encourage the promotion and consolidation of the BPPA, to theories that help understand the dimensions of human behavior

No Brasil, as práticas corporais e atividade física (PCAF) obtiveram avanços com a implementação de políticas, ações e programas que contribuíram substancialmente com a saúde pública. Entretanto, recen-tes retrocessos, em que a instabilidade política, escassez e cortes de gastos públicos predominam, evidenciam o quando as PCAF ainda precisam avançar e serem consolidadas no Sistema Único de Saúde. Assim, o objetivo desse ensaio é demonstrar os aspectos que devem ser considerados para a promoção das PCAF na Atenção Primária à Saúde, trazendo reflexões quanto a sua complexidade e multifatoriedade. Essa reflexão é direcionada aos profissionais de saúde, sobretudo aos profissionais de Educação Física. Em conclusão, foram ressaltados aspectos essenciais, que vão desde a luta pela defesa e avanço de políticas públicas que incentivem o fomento e consolidação das PCAF até a apropriação de teorias que ajudem a compreender a dimensão do comportamento humano

Characteristics associated with sport practice among adolescents from a city in Southern Brazil / Características associadas à prática de esporte em adolescentes de uma cidade do sul do Brasil

Introduction: physical inactivity is a major public health problem. It is necessary to acquire healthy behaviors in childhood, since the habits acquired tend to last until adult life.Objective: the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and characteristics related to sport practice in adolescents from a city in southern Brazil. Methods: a cross-sectional, epidemiological study was carried out with 582 adolescents aged 11-17 years. Independent, dependent variables and covariates were evaluated by means of questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval. Results: students from public and private schools who did not participate in any sport team were more likely of presenting abdominal obesity (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.16-5.09 and OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.13-4.09, respectively) and not practicing sports in childhood (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.98-2.45 and OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.98-2.80, respectively), and those who participated in one sport team were more likely of not practicing sports in childhood (OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.45-4.65 and OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.20 -1.33, respectively), when compared to those who participated in two or more sport teams. Students from public school who participated in one sport teams were more likely of having abdominal obesity (OR: 3.50; 95% CI: 1.02-12.92) when compared to adolescents who participated in two or more sport teams. Conclusions: results can help in possible school-based interventions to promote sport practice.

Introdução: a inatividade física é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública. É necessário adquirir comportamentos saudáveis na infância, pois os hábitos adquiridos tendem a durar até a vida adulta.Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência e as características relacionadas à prática esportiva em adolescentes de uma cidade do sul do Brasil.Método: foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico transversal com 582 adolescentes de 11 a 17 anos. Variáveis independentes e dependentes e covariáveis foram avaliadas por meio de questionário. O índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a circunferência da cintura (CC) foram medidos. Regressão logística multinomial foi usada para estimar odds ratio (OR) e intervalo de confiança de 95%.Resultados: estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas que não participaram de nenhuma equipe esportiva apresentaram maior probabilidade de apresentar obesidade abdominal (OR: 2,17; IC95%: 1,16-5,09 e OR: 2,15; IC95%: 1,13-4,09, respectivamente) e não praticar esportes na infância (OR: 1,38; IC95%: 0,98-2,45 e OR: 1,87; IC95%: 1,98-2,80, respectivamente), e aqueles que participaram de uma equipe esportiva apresentaram maior probabilidade de não praticar esportes na infância. (OR: 2,60; IC95%: 1,45-4,65 e OR: 1,26; IC95%: 1,20 -1,33, respectivamente), quando comparados aos que participaram de duas ou mais equipes esportivas. Alunos da escola pública que participaram de uma equipe esportiva apresentaram maior probabilidade de ter obesidade abdominal (OR: 3,50; IC 95%: 1,02-12,92) quando comparados aos adolescentes que participaram de duas ou mais equipes esportivas. Conclusões: os resultados podem ajudar em possíveis intervenções escolares para promover a prática esportiva.

Associação entre insatisfação com a imagem corporal e indicadores antropométricos de obesidade em escolares do sul do brasil / Association between body image dissatisfaction and anthropometric indicators of obesity in students from southern brazil

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a associação entre a insatisfação com a imagem corporal, por excesso de peso e pela magreza, e diferentes indicadores antropométricos de obesidade em adolescentes do sul do Brasil. Caracterizou-se com um estudo transversal, realizado na cidade de Criciúma ­ SC, com 575 adolescentes de 11 a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos. A imagem corporal foi avaliada por meio de escala de silhuetas. Os indicadores antropométricos de obesidade Índice de Massa Corporal, Relação Cintura-Estatura, Perímetro da Cintura e Índice de Conicidade foram avaliados conforme protocolo da Sociedade internacional para o Avanço da Cineantropometria. Adolescentes do sexo masculino, de 11 a 13 anos insatisfeitos pela magreza, apresentaram menores chances de ter Relação Cintura-Estatura elevada (RC: 0,1; IC95%: 0,04 - 0,51) e maiores chances de ter Índice de Conicidade elevado (RC: 4,4; IC95%:1,28-15,20) quando comparados com adolescentes satisfeitos com a imagem corporal. Adolescentes do sexo feminino, de 11 a 13 anos insatisfeitas pela magreza, apresentaram menores chances de ter Índice de Massa Corporal (RC: 0,1; IC95%: 0,02 - 0,58) e Índice de Conicidade (RC: 0,2; IC95%: 0,05 - 0,94) elevados e maiores chances de ter Relação Cintura-Estatura elevada (RC: 23,6; IC95%: 3,35-166,85) quando comparadas às adolescentes satisfeitas com a imagem corporal. Concluiu-se que existe associação entre a imagem corporal e indicadores antropométricos de obesidade para adolescentes de 11 a 13 anos, principalmente nos insatisfeitos pela magreza. No sexo masculino, distintos indicadores antropométricos de obesidade abdominal trazem interpretações distintas na associação com a imagem corporal. No sexo feminino, indica distorção da própria imagem corporal, que pode levar as adolescentes a adotarem comportamentos alimentares inadequados, levando à riscos à sua saúde. (AU)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between body image dissatisfaction due to overweight and thinness and different anthropometric indicators of obesity in adolescents from southern Brazil. Characterized as a Cross - sectional study conducted in the city of Criciúma - SC, with 575 adolescents aged 11-17 years of both sexes. Body image was assessed by a silhouette scale. Anthropometric indicators of obesity body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, waist circumference and conicity index were evaluated according to the International Society for the Advancement of Kinantropometry protocol. Male adolescents aged 11-13 years dissatisfied due to thinness, were less likely of having high waist-to-height ratio (OR: 0.1; 95% CI: 0.04 - 0.51) and more likely of having elevated conicity index (OR: 4.4; 95% CI: 1.28-15.20) when compared to adolescents satisfied with their body image. Female adolescents aged 11-13 years dissatisfied due to thinness were less likely of having high body mass index (OR: 0.1; 95% CI: 0.02 - 0.58) and conicity index (OR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.05 - 0.94) and more likely of having high waist-to-height ratio (OR: 23.6; 95% CI: 3.35-166.85) when compared to adolescents satisfied with their body image. Concluded that there is an association between body image and anthropometric indicators of obesity for adolescents aged 11-13 years, especially those dissatisfied due to thinness. In males, different anthropometric indicators of abdominal obesity bring different interpretations in association with body image. In females, it indicates distortion of their own body image, which can lead adolescents to adopt inappropriate eating behaviors, leading to health risks. (AU)

Suicidal behaviors and sedentary lifestyles among adolescents: A cross-sectional epidemiological study in Latin American and Caribbean countries.

OBJECTIVES: To verify the association between suicidal behaviors (ideation, planning, and attempts) and sedentary behaviors among adolescents from four Latin American and Caribbean countries. METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in four countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (Bahamas, Curação, El Salvador, and Guatemala). The sample comprised 6,813 adolescents aged 11-18 years, of which, 3,559 were females. The three suicidal behaviors considered were ideation, planning, and attempts. Sedentary behavior was regarded as the time that adolescents spent sitting, excluding time at school. Crude and adjusted logistic regression were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Suicidal ideation was present in 10.7% of males and 22.7% of females. Suicidal planning was present in 8.6% of males and 16.3% of females. Suicidal attempt was present in 9.3% of males and 16.3% of females. Sedentary behavior was present in 39.6% of males and 45.7% of females. It was identified that male adolescents who reported spending ≥3 hours/day in sedentary behavior were more likely to have suicidal ideation (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.13-1.80), whereas female adolescents who reported spending ≥3 hours/day in sedentary behavior were more likely to have suicidal ideation (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.30-1.83), planning (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.28-1.86), and attempts (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.09-1.57). CONCLUSION: Adolescents of both sexes who reported spending ≥3 hours/day in sedentary behaviors were more likely to have some suicidal behaviors than those who spent less time in sedentary behaviors.

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum in commercial sheep from northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Soroprevalência e fatores de risco associados a Neospora caninum em ovinos comerciais do noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Neospora caninum is a widely distributed parasite, which significantly impacts reproduction in ruminants. This study aimed to survey the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with neosporosis infection in commercial herds of sheep in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Three hundred sheep serum samples were used to investigate anti-N. caninum antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence reaction at a 1:40 dilution. The presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was detected in 20.3% (61/300) of the samples evaluated; however, positive reactions were observed in all (13/13) flocks sampled. Sheep breeds > 1 year of age had 1.2-fold higher risk for infection with N. caninum (odds ratio 2.2 [95% confidence interval 1-5.1]; P < 0.001). These findings should raise awareness on the importance of serological screening, identification of risk factors, and maintenance of preventive measures, such as not allowing dogs to contact sheep feed and not offering the placental remains of ruminants to canids.(AU)

Neospora caninum é um parasita amplamente distribuído e de grande importância para a reprodução de ruminantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento da soroprevalência e dos fatores de risco associados à neosporose em rebanhos comerciais de ovinos no noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizadas 300 amostras de soro de ovelhas para investigar anti-N. caninum por Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFAT) com uma diluição de 1:40. A presença de anticorpos anti-N. caninum foi detectada em 20.3 % (61/300) das amostras avaliadas. Reações positivas foram observadas em todos (13/13) os rebanhos amostrados. Ovinos com mais de um ano tiveram 1.2 mais chances de serem infectados por N. caninum (odds ratio 2.2, intervalo de confiança 1-5.1) (P < 0.001). Com esses dados, chamamos atenção para a importância da triagem sorológica, identificação de fatores de risco e manutenção de medidas de prevalência, como não permitir que os cães entrem em contato com a alimentação das ovelhas e não oferecer os restos placentários dos ruminantes aos canídeos.(AU)

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum in commercial sheep from northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Soroprevalência e fatores de risco associados a Neospora caninum em ovinos comerciais do noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Neospora caninum is a widely distributed parasite, which significantly impacts reproduction in ruminants. This study aimed to survey the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with neosporosis infection in commercial herds of sheep in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Three hundred sheep serum samples were used to investigate anti-N. caninum antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence reaction at a 1:40 dilution. The presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was detected in 20.3% (61/300) of the samples evaluated; however, positive reactions were observed in all (13/13) flocks sampled. Sheep breeds > 1 year of age had 1.2-fold higher risk for infection with N. caninum (odds ratio 2.2 [95% confidence interval 1-5.1]; P < 0.001). These findings should raise awareness on the importance of serological screening, identification of risk factors, and maintenance of preventive measures, such as not allowing dogs to contact sheep feed and not offering the placental remains of ruminants to canids.

Neospora caninum é um parasita amplamente distribuído e de grande importância para a reprodução de ruminantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento da soroprevalência e dos fatores de risco associados à neosporose em rebanhos comerciais de ovinos no noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizadas 300 amostras de soro de ovelhas para investigar anti-N. caninum por Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFAT) com uma diluição de 1:40. A presença de anticorpos anti-N. caninum foi detectada em 20.3 % (61/300) das amostras avaliadas. Reações positivas foram observadas em todos (13/13) os rebanhos amostrados. Ovinos com mais de um ano tiveram 1.2 mais chances de serem infectados por N. caninum (odds ratio 2.2, intervalo de confiança 1-5.1) (P < 0.001). Com esses dados, chamamos atenção para a importância da triagem sorológica, identificação de fatores de risco e manutenção de medidas de prevalência, como não permitir que os cães entrem em contato com a alimentação das ovelhas e não oferecer os restos placentários dos ruminantes aos canídeos.

Suicidal behaviors and sedentary lifestyles among adolescents: A cross-sectional epidemiological study in Latin American and Caribbean countries

OBJECTIVES: To verify the association between suicidal behaviors (ideation, planning, and attempts) and sedentary behaviors among adolescents from four Latin American and Caribbean countries. METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in four countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (Bahamas, Curação, El Salvador, and Guatemala). The sample comprised 6,813 adolescents aged 11-18 years, of which, 3,559 were females. The three suicidal behaviors considered were ideation, planning, and attempts. Sedentary behavior was regarded as the time that adolescents spent sitting, excluding time at school. Crude and adjusted logistic regression were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Suicidal ideation was present in 10.7% of males and 22.7% of females. Suicidal planning was present in 8.6% of males and 16.3% of females. Suicidal attempt was present in 9.3% of males and 16.3% of females. Sedentary behavior was present in 39.6% of males and 45.7% of females. It was identified that male adolescents who reported spending ≥3 hours/day in sedentary behavior were more likely to have suicidal ideation (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.13-1.80), whereas female adolescents who reported spending ≥3 hours/day in sedentary behavior were more likely to have suicidal ideation (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.30-1.83), planning (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.28-1.86), and attempts (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.09-1.57). CONCLUSION: Adolescents of both sexes who reported spending ≥3 hours/day in sedentary behaviors were more likely to have some suicidal behaviors than those who spent less time in sedentary behaviors.

Prevalence of body image dissatisfaction and association with teasing behaviors and body weight control in adolescents

Abstract Aims: The objective was to estimate the prevalence and the factors of behaviors of provocation and control of the weight associated with dissatisfaction with the body image among adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 580 adolescents (11 to 17 years old) from Criciúma, Brazil. The body image was evaluated by the silhouettes scale and the behaviors of provocation and weight control by questionnaires. A multinomial logistic regression was used (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Of the total number of adolescents, 48.6% were dissatisfied with being overweight (male 47.9%, female 49.3%) and 22.9% dissatisfied with thinness (male 23.8%, female 22.1%). Male adolescents who were dissatisfied with being overweight were more likely to be joked and laughed at because of their appearance and lower chances of being nicknames due to their size or body weight, while those who were unsatisfied with being thin were more likely to joke and laughter because of the appearance, compared to satisfied. Female adolescents who were dissatisfied with being overweight were more likely to be laughed at because they were uncoordinated and without food for 24 h, while those who were unsatisfied with being thin were less likely to be joking and laughing because of their appearance and higher chances to be the targets of laughter because they are uncoordinated, compared to those that are satisfied. Conclusion: The dissatisfaction with body image was associated with different behaviors of provocation and weight control according to sex.

Principais complicações apresentadas durante a hemodiálise em pacientes críticos e propostas de intervenções de enfermagem / Intervenciones de enfermería para las complicaciones presentadas durante la hemodiálisis en pacientes críticamente enfermos / Nursing interventions for complications presented during hemodialysis in critically ill patients

Objetivos: identificar complicações apresentadas durante as sessões de hemodiálise em pacientes de uma terapia intensiva do Distrito Federal. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, realizado num hospital público de Brasília, entre junho a agosto de 2015.Os dados foram coletados através de formulário e foram analisadas características como: prescrição da hemodiálise, sinais vitais e complicações durante as sessões de hemodiálise. Resultados: Foram analisadas 31 sessões de hemodiálise, com duração de três a quatro horas; 87,1% da amostra apresentaram pelo menos uma complicação; a média de complicações foi de 2,6 por procedimento. As principais complicações identificadas foram hipotensão, arritmias, hipoglicemia, coagulação do circuito extracorpóreo e hipotermia. Após a interpretação dos dados, foram elaboradas intervenções de enfermagem de acordo com Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) de 2015. Conclusão: As principais complicações apresentadas foram: hipotensão,arritmias seguidas da hipoglicemia, hipotermia e problemas no circuito extracorpóreo, as quais exigem do enfermeiro, habilidade e conhecimento para reconhecê-las precocemente, de forma que sua competência seja capaz de solucionar intercorrências e garantira qualidade da assistência.

Objectives: to identify complications presented during hemodialysis patients in an intensive care unit of the Federal District. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative study conducted in a public hospital in Brasilia, held from June to August 2015. Data werecollected through a form with the following data: hemodialysis prescription, vital signs and complications during hemodialysis session. Results: 31 hemodialysis sessions were analyzed, lasting three to four hours, 87.1% of patients had at least onecomplication, averaging 2.6 complications per procedure. The main complications were identified hypotension, arrhythmias, hypoglycemia, clotting of the extracorporeal circuit and hypothermia. After the interpretation of the data were prepared nursing interventions according to Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) 2015. Conclusion: The main complications presented were hypotension, arrhythmias, followed by hypoglycemia, hypothermia and problems in the extracorporeal circuit, which require the nurse'sability and knowledge to recognize early so that their competence is able to solve intercurrences and guarantee the quality of care.

Objetivos: identificar las complicaciones presentadas durante los pacientes de hemodiálisis en una unidad de cuidados intensivosdel Distrito Federal. Métodos: Estudio transversal, estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo realizado en un hospital público en Brasilia, quetuvo lugar de junio a agosto 2015. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de formularios con verificación de las siguientes características: prescripción de hemodiálisis, los signos vitales y complicaciones durante la sesión de hemodiálisis. Resultados: Se analizaron 31 sesiones de hemodiálisis, con una duración de 3 a 4 horas; 87,1% de los pacientes tenían al menos una complicación; el promedio de complicaciones fue de 2,6 por procedimiento. Después de la interpretación de los datos, se prepararon las intervenciones de enfermería de acuerdo con Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) de 2015. Conclusión: Las principales complicaciones presentadas fueron: hipotensión, arritmias, seguidas de la hipoglucemia, hipotermia y problemas en el circuito extracorpóreo, las cuales exigen del enfermero habilidad y conocimiento para reconocerlas precozmente, a fin de que su competencia sea capaz de solucionar las disputas y garantizar la calidad de la asistencia.

Prevalence and factors associated with sedentary behavior in the school recess among adolescents

To estimate the prevalence of sedentary behavior in school recess and to verify sociodemographic factors (sex, age, economic level and type of school), anthropometric indicators (body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference) and lifestyle (level of physical activity and eating habits) associated with adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional study with 583 adolescents (aged 11-17 years), from the city of Criciúma, Brazil. Sedentary behavior during school recess was self-reported. Sociodemographic and lifestyle information was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. BMI was calculated and waist circumference was measured. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The prevalence of sedentary behavior during school recess was 50.6% (male 44.5%, female 56.7%). Adolescents aged 14-17 years (male [OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.26-3.53], female [OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.46-4.34]), from private schools (male [OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.49-4.37], female [OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.23-3.78]) were more likely to remain in sedentary behavior during school recess. Girls with high waist circumference (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.01-2.84) and inadequate eating habits (OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.05-4.24) were more likely to remain in sedentary behavior during school recess. Conclusion: Half of the adolescents presented sedentary behavior during school recess. Adolescents from private schools and in the age group of 14-17 years and girls with high waist circumference and inadequate eating habits were more likely to remain in sedentary behavior during school recess.(AU)

Reproductive disorders caused by Toxoplasma gondii in sheep / Alterações reprodutivas causadas por Toxoplasma gondii em ovinos / Alteraciones reproductivas causadas por Toxoplasma gondii en ovinos

Toxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolitan, intracellular, obligatory parasite protozoan of importance to public and animal health. In sheep, this species is a causative agent of reproductive disorders. The main sign produced by T. gondii infection in this species is abortion, which causes economic losses to sheep ranching. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the abortion outbreaks and reproductive disorders caused by T. gondii infection in sheep, also addressing aspects of biology, diagnosis, prevention and control of the parasite.(AU)

Toxoplasma gondii es un parásito protozoario intracelular obligatorio cosmopolita, de importancia para la salud pública y animal. En la especie ovina es reconocido como agente causador de trastornos reproductivos. El principal síntoma producido por la infección con Toxoplasma en ovinos es el aborto, lo que provoca pérdidas económicas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar los brotes de aborto y alteraciones reproductivas causadas por la infección con T. gondii en la especie ovina, abordando también aspectos de la biología, diagnóstico, prevención y control del parásito.(AU)

Toxoplasma gondii é um parasito protozoário intracelular obrigatório cosmopolita de importância para saúde pública e animal. Na espécie ovina é reconhecido como agente causador de distúrbios reprodutivos. O principal quadro clínico causado pela infecção pelo Toxoplasma em ovinos é o abortamento, que causa perdas econômicas. O principal objetivo deste artigo é fazer um levantamento dos surtos de abortamentos e alterações reprodutivas causadas pela infecção por T. gondii na espécie ovina, abordando ainda aspectos da biologia, diagnóstico, prevenção e controle do parasito.(AU)

Reproductive disorders caused by Toxoplasma gondii in sheep / Alterações reprodutivas causadas por Toxoplasma gondii em ovinos / Alteraciones reproductivas causadas por Toxoplasma gondii en ovinos

Toxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolitan, intracellular, obligatory parasite protozoan of importance to public and animal health. In sheep, this species is a causative agent of reproductive disorders. The main sign produced by T. gondii infection in this species is abortion, which causes economic losses to sheep ranching. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the abortion outbreaks and reproductive disorders caused by T. gondii infection in sheep, also addressing aspects of biology, diagnosis, prevention and control of the parasite.

Toxoplasma gondii es un parásito protozoario intracelular obligatorio cosmopolita, de importancia para la salud pública y animal. En la especie ovina es reconocido como agente causador de trastornos reproductivos. El principal síntoma producido por la infección con Toxoplasma en ovinos es el aborto, lo que provoca pérdidas económicas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar los brotes de aborto y alteraciones reproductivas causadas por la infección con T. gondii en la especie ovina, abordando también aspectos de la biología, diagnóstico, prevención y control del parásito.

Toxoplasma gondii é um parasito protozoário intracelular obrigatório cosmopolita de importância para saúde pública e animal. Na espécie ovina é reconhecido como agente causador de distúrbios reprodutivos. O principal quadro clínico causado pela infecção pelo Toxoplasma em ovinos é o abortamento, que causa perdas econômicas. O principal objetivo deste artigo é fazer um levantamento dos surtos de abortamentos e alterações reprodutivas causadas pela infecção por T. gondii na espécie ovina, abordando ainda aspectos da biologia, diagnóstico, prevenção e controle do parasito.

Isolamento de Toxoplasma gondii em tecidos de ovinos destinados ao abate em um matadouro sem fiscalização sanitária do estado do Rio de Janeiro / Isolation Toxoplasma gondii in sheep tissues destined for slaughtering in a seaghterhouse without sanitary inspection in Rio de Janeiro / Aislamiento de Toxoplasma gondii en tejidos de ovinos destinados al masacre en un matadero sin vigilancia sanitaria en el estado de Rio de Janeiro

O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença do Toxoplasma gondii em tecidos de ovinos destinados ao abate sem fiscalização sanitária, por meio do teste molecular, determinando assim a porcentagem da infecção nos ovinos e o melhor órgão para o diagnóstico molecular. As amostras foram coletadas em um matadouro sem fiscalização sanitária localizado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. No momento do abate foram coletados fragmentos de cérebro, coração, fígado, rim, pulmão e musculatura esquelética de 25 ovinos, totalizando 150 amostras para a análise molecular e histopatológica. Para verificar a associação entre os resultados obtidos, o teste de McNemar foi utilizado. Dos ovinos avaliados pela PCR, 64% (16/25) apresentaram DNA do agente parasitário em pelo menos um tecido avaliado. Além disso, nenhum tecido avaliado mostrou equivalência (P<0,05), ou seja, as variações existentes entre as marcações desses órgãos em relação à classificação geral do animal foram aleatórias, podendo ser usado qualquer tecido avaliado neste estudo para o diagnóstico molecular de T. gondii. Não foi possível encontrar parasitos de T. gondii nos tecidos avaliados pela histopatologia, porém as lesões microscópicas encontradas são sugestivas da infecção. Conclui-se que o consumo de carne e vísceras ovina crua ou mal cozida, devem ser consideradas como importantes fontes de infecção para os humanos, pois os resultados deste estudo demonstraram um nível elevado de infecção por toxoplasmose em ovinos abatidos sem fiscalização no RJ. Ainda, para diagnóstico de T. gondii pela PCR poderia ser escolhido um único órgão para representar o animal, evitando assim, gastos desnecessários.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in tissues of naturally infected sheep sent to slaughter without prior sanitary inspection, by means of molecular testing to determine the percentage of infection in sheep and the best organ for molecular diagnosis. Samples were collected from a slaughterhouse without sanitary inspection located in the state of Rio de Janeiro. During slaughtering, fragments of brain, heart, liver, kidney, lung and skeletal muscle from 25 sheep were collected, resulting in a total of 150 specimens for molecular and histopathological analysis. McNemar test was used to identify the existence of an association among the results obtained. Sixty-four percent (16/25) of the sheep evaluated by PCR presented DNA from the parasitic agent in at least one of the tissues evaluated. However, none of the evaluated tissues presented equivalence (P<0.05), i.e., the existing variations in the markings of these organs in terms of the animal’s general classification were random, and any tissue evaluated in this study can be used for molecular diagnosis of T. gondii. T. gondii parasites were not detected in the tissues subjected to histopathological examination, but microscopic lesions found could be considered suggestive of infection. It is concluded that the consumption of raw or undercooked mutton meat and offals should be considered as an important source of infection for humans, since the findings of this study demonstrated a high level of toxoplasmosis infection in sheep slaughtered without prior sanitary inspection in Rio de Janeiro. In addition, it is suggested that, for PCR detection of T. gondii, a single organ can be chosen to represent the animal, thus avoiding unnecessary expenses.

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar la presencia de Toxoplasma gondii en tejidos de ovinos destinados a matanza sin fiscalización sanitaria, por medio de prueba molecular, determinando así el porcentaje de infección en los ovinos y el mejor órgano para el diagnóstico molecular. Las muestras han sido colectadas en un matadero sin inspección sanitaria ubicado en el Estado de Río de Janeiro. En el momento del abate se ha colectado fragmentos de cerebro, corazón, hígado, riñón, pulmón y músculo esquelético de 25 ovinos, totalizando 150 muestras para el análisis molecular e histopatológica. Para verificar la asociación entre los resultados obtenidos, se utilizó la prueba de McNemar. De los ovinos evaluados por PCR, 64 % (16/25) presentaron ADN del agente parasitario en al menos un tejido evaluado. Además, ningún tejido evaluado mostró equivalencia (P<0,05), es decir, las variaciones existentes entre las marcas de esos órganos en la clasificación general del animal fueron aleatorios, pudiendo ser utilizado cualquier tejido evaluado en este estudio para el diagnóstico molecular de T. gondii. No fue posible encontrar parásitos de T. gondii en los tejidos evaluados por histopatología, pero las lesiones microscópicas encontradas son sugestivas de infección. Se concluye que el consumo de carne y vísceras ovinas crudas o poco cocidas, deben ser consideradas como importantes fuentes de infección para el hombre, ya que los resultados de este estudio demostraron un alto nivel de infección de toxoplasmosis en ovinos sacrificados sin inspección en el Estado de RJ. También, para el diagnóstico de T. gondii por PCR podría ser elegido un solo órgano para representar el animal, evitando así, gastos innecesarios.

Toxoplasma gondii in the sheep industry: a global overview and the situation in Brazil / Toxoplasma gondii na ovinocultura: um panorama global e a situação no Brazil

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most widely studied parasites due to its medical and veterinary importance. The parasitic infection of sheep occurs worldwide, with studies showing prevalences ranging from 1.8% in North Tunisian to 95.7% in Turkey. In this ruminant species, infection with T. gondii causes fetal death, mummification, stillbirth, the birth of debilitated animals and frequent abortion. The latter has been reported as the primary cause of economic losses in the sheep industry because of the high rates of infection. Concerns over toxoplasmosis infections in sheep, as well as the economic losses they can cause, induced this literature review. A review of the topic will provide the reader with some basic information concerning the importance of this parasite in the sheep industry in Brazil and worldwide, which might assist in controlling the disease and promptly identifying the problem in a flock, thus avoiding losses from potential abortions caused by this important parasite.

Toxoplasma gondii é um dos parasitas mais bem estudados devido à sua importância médica e veterinária. A infecção pelo parasito em ovinos é de distribuição mundial com estudos de prevalência que variaram de 1,8% no norte da Tunísia até 95,7% na Turquia. Nesta espécie de ruminante, a infecção é causa de morte fetal, mumificação, natimortalidade, nascimentos de animais debilitados e principalmente abortamentos. Esta última é relatada como a causa primária de perdas econômicas na pecuária industrial de ovinos devido à alta prevalência da infecção. Neste sentido, a preocupação com a infecção toxoplásmica em ovinos, assim como os prejuízos econômicos que ela pode causar deu origem a presente revisão de literatura. A revisão sobre o assunto trará ao leitor noções básicas e fundamentais sobre a importância desta parasitose na ovinocultura brasileira e mundial, o que pode auxiliar no controle da enfermidade e na identificação imediata do problema no rebanho, evitando assim, prejuízos em decorrência de abortamentos causados por este importante parasita.

Histórico da neosporose na caprinocultura / Histórco de la neosporosis en la caprinocultura / Histoy of neosporosis in goat

Neosporose é causa de aborto e mortalidade neonatal em ovinos, caprinos, bovinos e equinos. Artigos de revisão já foram publicados sobre a infecção da doença em várias espécies, entretanto, na espécie caprina eles são escassos na literatura consultada. Tendo em vista o grande crescimento da caprinocultura no Brasil e em outros países, o principal objetivo desta revisão é a realização de um levantamento bibliográfico a respeito do histórico e evolução deste importante protozoário (Neospora caninum) em caprinos, com ênfase no ciclo evolutivo, infecção,aspectos patológicos e prevalência.

Neosporosis is a cause of abortion and neonatal mortality in sheep, goats, cattle and horses. Several reviews have been published on the infection of the disease in various species, however, in goats they are scarce in the literature. Considering the large growth of goats in Brazil and other countries the main objective of this review is to do a survey about the history and evolution of this important protozoan in goats(Neospora caninum), with emphasis on life cycle, infection,pathological aspectsand prevalence.

La neosporosis es causa de aborto y mortalidad neonatal en ovinos, caprinos, bovinos y equinos. Artículos de revisión han sido publicados sobre la enfermedad en varias especies, sin embargo, en la especie caprina son escasos en la literatura consultada. Dado el enorme crecimiento de la cría de cabras en Brasil y en otros países, el principal objetivo de este artículo fue la realización de una revisión bibliográfica a respecto del histórico y evolución de este protozoario importante (Neosporacaninum) en caprinos, con énfasis en el ciclo evolutivo, infección, aspectos patológicos y prevalencia.