RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To estimate which risk factors (sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health conditions) are associated with overweight and obesity in Japanese-Brazilians. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out with Japanese-Brazilians living in the southern region of Brazil. Data were collected between March and December of 2016 through a household survey addressing sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and health conditions. Data were analyzed by means of logistic regression considering 95% level of significance. RESULTS: A total of 542 Japanese-Brazilians with a mean age of 47.75 years were evaluated; 52.8% were eutrophic, 36.9% were overweight, and 10.3% were people with obesity. The following variables remained associated with overweight after adjustments; male gender (ORaj = 1.85, CI = 1.24-2.76), age range of 40-49 years (ORaj = 2.27, CI = 1.10-4.68), and 50 to 59 years (ORaj = 2.17, CI = 1.004-4.72), alcohol consumption (ORaj = 2.11, CI = 1.07-4.16), and presence of chronic disease (ORaj = 1.59, CI = 1.02-2.46). The following were independent factors associated with obesity: male gender (ORaj = 3.63, CI = 1.78-7.40), the presence of chronic disease (ORaj = 4.13, CI = 1.96-8.71), the age range of 30 to 39 years (ORaj = 4.74, CI = 1.65-13.64) and 40 to 49 years (ORaj = 2.89, CI = 1.05-7.95), and irregularly active lifestyle (ORaj = 2.73, CI = 1.12-6.69). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that being a male in the age range of 30-49 years old, alcohol consumption, and presence of chronic disease are associated with overweight and obesity in Japanese-Brazilians.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection on CD4 cells in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is unclear. We aimed to examine the impact of HBV and HCV coinfection on CD4 cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio in adults with HIV. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a longitudinal retrospective study in Brazil between January 1, 2002, and June 30, 2016, including 205 patients with HIV monoinfection, 37 with HIV-HBV coinfection, 35 with HIV-HCV coinfection, and 62 with HIV-HCV (48 HCV genotype 1 and 14 HCV genotype 3). RESULTS: Median duration of follow-up was 2,327 (interquartile range: 1,159-3,319) days. An increased CD4 cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio over time was observed in all groups receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Patients with HIV-HBV or HIV-HCV coinfection and those with HIV monoinfection, showed comparable CD4 cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratios during pre-ART. There was also no statistically significant difference in CD4/CD8 ratio between HIV-HBV or HIV-HCV coinfection groups and the HIV monoinfection group during follow-up on cART. However, CD4 cell counts were significantly lower in HIV-HCV patients than in HIV monoinfection patients during follow-up on cART. HIV patients with HCV genotype 3 coinfection showed significantly lower CD4/CD8 ratio during follow-up on cART than those coinfected with HCV genotype 1 coinfection. No statistically significant effect of coinfection was observed on the efficacy of cART. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected patients are more likely to show better immunological responses to cART when they are not coinfected with HCV.