Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso.

Gastrointestinal parasitism by helminths and protozoa poses risks to animal and human health owing to clinical changes and transmission of potentially zoonotic agents. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from the municipality of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, using coproparasitological tests. From June 2021 to April 2022, faecal samples were collected from domestic dogs at the Veterinary Hospital and Animal Protection Shelters in the Cuiabá municipality. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to the owners and those responsible for the shelters to analyse the factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitism. A total of 353 faecal samples were collected and subjected to parasitological flotation and sedimentation techniques. Data were analysed using the chi-squared test and exploratory factorial analysis. The occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitism was 22.66% and the parasites found alone or in mixed infections were Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara spp., Dipylidium caninum, Cystoisospora spp., Giardia duodenalis, and coccidia. It was concluded that the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs is frequent, and the variables associated with these infections were source origin, breed, age, coexistence with other animals, and dull fur.

Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso / Ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais em cães de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

Gastrointestinal parasitism by helminths and protozoa poses risks to animal and human health owing to clinical changes and transmission of potentially zoonotic agents. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from the municipality of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, using coproparasitological tests. From June 2021 to April 2022, faecal samples were collected from domestic dogs at the Veterinary Hospital and Animal Protection Shelters in the Cuiabá municipality. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to the owners and those responsible for the shelters to analyse the factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitism. A total of 353 faecal samples were collected and subjected to parasitological flotation and sedimentation techniques. Data were analysed using the chi-squared test and exploratory factorial analysis. The occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitism was 22.66% and the parasites found alone or in mixed infections were Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara spp., Dipylidium caninum, Cystoisospora spp., Giardia duodenalis, and coccidia. It was concluded that the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs is frequent, and the variables associated with these infections were source origin, breed, age, coexistence with other animals, and dull fur.(AU)

O parasitismo gastrointestinal por helmintos e protozoários apresenta riscos à saúde animal e humana devido às alterações clínicas e transmissão de agentes potencialmente zoonóticos. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de parasitoses gastrointestinais em cães do município de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil, utilizando-se exames coproparasitológicos. De junho de 2021 a abril de 2022, foram coletadas amostras fecais de cães domésticos no Hospital Veterinário e Abrigos de Proteção Animal do município de Cuiabá. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado aos tutores e responsáveis pelos abrigos para analisar os fatores associados ao parasitismo gastrointestinal. Um total de 353 amostras fecais foram coletadas e submetidas às técnicas de flotação e sedimentação parasitológica. Os dados foram analisados, utilizando-se o teste Qui-quadrado e a análise fatorial exploratória. A ocorrência de parasitismo gastrointestinal foi de 22,66%, e os parasitos encontrados isoladamente ou em infecções mistas foram Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara spp., Dipylidium caninum, Cystoisospora spp., Giardia duodenalis e Coccidia. Conclui-se que a ocorrência de parasitoses gastrointestinais em cães é frequente, e as variáveis associadas a essas infecções foram procedência, raça, idade, convivência com outros animais e pelagem opaca.(AU)

Clinical and parasitological impact of short-term treatment using miltefosine and allopurinol monotherapy or combination therapy in canine visceral leishmaniasis.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic zoonosis in Brazil. Dogs are the main hosts in urban environments. The treatment has gained popularity since the Brazilian government authorized miltefosine for canine treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and parasitological impact of short-term treatment with miltefosine and allopurinol, alone and in combination. We evaluated the ability of pharmacotherapy to reduce clinical signs of disease, antibody levels using the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and skin parasite load via qPCR after 28 days of treatment. The therapeutic protocols promoted a significant decline in clinical signs and in the skin parasite load in dogs (p < 0.01). We observed a moderate correlation between the skin parasite load and the clinical score in all three treatment groups (r > 0.5) Antibody levels did not decrease in this short period. It was concluded that the treatment with allopurinol reduced the number of parasites in the skin of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis in the short term. However, its efficiency is potentiated when associated with miltefosine.

Clinical and parasitological impact of short-term treatment using miltefosine and allopurinol monotherapy or combination therapy in canine visceral leishmaniasis / Impacto clínico e parasitológico do tratamento de curta duração com miltefosina e alopurinol em monoterapia ou terapia combinada na leishmaniose visceral canina

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic zoonosis in Brazil. Dogs are the main hosts in urban environments. The treatment has gained popularity since the Brazilian government authorized miltefosine for canine treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and parasitological impact of short-term treatment with miltefosine and allopurinol, alone and in combination. We evaluated the ability of pharmacotherapy to reduce clinical signs of disease, antibody levels using the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and skin parasite load via qPCR after 28 days of treatment. The therapeutic protocols promoted a significant decline in clinical signs and in the skin parasite load in dogs (p < 0.01). We observed a moderate correlation between the skin parasite load and the clinical score in all three treatment groups (r > 0.5) Antibody levels did not decrease in this short period. It was concluded that the treatment with allopurinol reduced the number of parasites in the skin of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis in the short term. However, its efficiency is potentiated when associated with miltefosine.(AU)

A leishmaniose visceral canina é uma zoonose endêmica no Brasil. Os cães são os principais hospedeiros em ambientes urbanos. O tratamento ganhou popularidade desde que o governo brasileiro autorizou a miltefosina para tratamento canino. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o impacto clínico e parasitológico do tratamento a curto prazo com miltefosina e alopurinol, isoladamente e/ou em combinação. Foi avaliada a capacidade da farmacoterapia em reduzir os sinais clínicos da doença e também os níveis de anticorpos, usando-se o teste de anticorpos de fluorescência indireta (RIFI) e a carga parasitária na pele, via qPCR, após 28 dias de tratamento. Os protocolos terapêuticos promoveram declínio significativo dos sinais clínicos e da carga parasitária na pele dos cães (p < 0,01). Foi observada uma correlação moderada entre a carga parasitária da pele e o escore clínico em todos os três grupos de tratamento (r > 0,5). Já os níveis de anticorpos não diminuíram nesse curto período. Concluiu-se que o tratamento com alopurinol, em curto prazo, reduziu a quantidade de parasitos na pele dos cães com leishmaniose visceral. No entanto, sua eficiência é potencializada quando associada a miltefosina.(AU)

Perfil dos pacientes notificados com suspeita de coronavírus em um hospital público do Distrito Federal / Perfil de pacientes notificados con sospecha de coronavirus en un hospital público del Distrito Federal / Profile of patients notified with suspected coronavirus in a public hospital in the Federal District

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil clínico epidemiológico dos pacientes notificados com suspeita de Covid-19 em um hospital público do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Método: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo, quantitativo, com delineamento transversal, pautado em dados da ficha de registro individual de casos de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave do Núcleo de Vigilância Epidemiológica (NUVEI) do Hospital Regional da Asa Norte (HRAN). A coleta de dados ocorreu em etapa única no período compreendido entre 01 e 10 de março de 2021, e a análise estatística descritiva realizada por meio de frequência absoluta e frequência relativa. Resultados: Observou-se maior prevalência de hospitalizações em indivíduos do sexo masculino (53,47%), com média de idade de 52,25 anos, portadores de doença cardiovascular crônica, e presença de dispneia, tosse e febre. Conclusão: Concluímos que ainda existe muitas lacunas incompreendidas acerca do novo coronavírus, e ressaltamos a importância do preenchimento correto das notificações dos casos suspeitos(AU)

Objective: To analyze the clinical epidemiological profile of patients notified with suspected Covid-19 in a public hospital in the Federal District, Brazil. Method: Descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional epidemiological study, based on data from the individual record form of cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome of the Epidemiological Surveillance Center (NUVEI) of Hospital Regional da Asa Norte (HRAN). Data collection took place in a single step in the period between March 1 and 10, 2021, and descriptive statistical analysis was performed using absolute frequency and relative frequency. Results: There was a higher prevalence of hospitalizations in male individuals (53.47%), with a mean age of 52.25 years, with chronic cardiovascular disease, and presence of dyspnea, cough and fever. Conclusion: We conclude that there are still many ununderstood gaps about the new coronavirus, and we emphasize the importance of correctly filling out the notifications of suspected cases(AU)

Objetivo: Analizar el perfil clínico-epidemiológico de los pacientes notificados con sospecha de Covid-19 en un hospital público del Distrito Federal, Brasil. Método: Estudio epidemiológico descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal, basado en datos del formulario de registro individual de casos de Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo del Centro de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (NUVEI) del Hospital Regional da Asa Norte (HRAN). La recolección de datos se realizó en un solo paso en el período comprendido entre el 1 y el 10 de marzo de 2021, y se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo utilizando frecuencia absoluta y frecuencia relativa. Resultados: Hubo mayor prevalencia de hospitalizaciones en varones (53,47%), con una edad média de 52,25 años, con enfermedad cardiovascular crónica, presencia de disnea, tos y fiebre. Conclusión: Concluimos que aún existen muchas lagunas incomprendidas sobre el nuevo coronavirus, y destacamos la importancia de completar correctamente las notificaciones de casos sospechosos(AU)