Meroanencephaly in an English Pointer neonate

Background: Malformations are structural or functional abnormalities in the organs and structures present at birth. Theseconditions are rarely described in the newborns of dogs and can lead to their death. Meroanencephaly is a defect of theneural tube closure malformation, a type of anencephaly and results from a failure of closure of the rostral neuropore(neural crest), and consequently the development of the calvary becomes defective. This study aims to characterize theclinical-pathological aspects of neonatal meroanencephaly since brain malformations are rare in newborn dogs.Case: A 2-day-old English Pointer canine was sent for a necropsy. The newborn belonged to a litter of eight puppies, andonly this one had macroscopic cranial alterations. Another puppy that died as a consequence of being trampled by thebitch was also necropsied. The newborn was alive for 48 h until death and presented apathy, crying, sucking reflex andopisthotonus. Macroscopic examination of the baby revealed flattening of the skull, with a slit at the site of bone symphysis fusion, and a slit in the skin of the parietal region, covered by thin, translucent meningeal tissue. The newborn hadno other macroscopic changes. The heads of the two animals were examined by radiography to identify the features ofanencephaly in one of the animals by visualizing skull bone flattening. Upon removing the skin and exposing the cranialcavity, an irregular reddish mass was revealed, that corresponded microscopically to area cerebrovasculosa, composed ofneurons and rudimentary glial tissue, vascular neoformation and, hemorrhage and congestion. The cranial nerves was notpossible to observe. There was disorganization of the brain areas with no limitation of white and gray matter and scarceneurons and also a region similar to the cerebellum, with a molecular layer but without the Purkinje neurons. In the spinal...(AU)

Meroanencephaly in an English Pointer neonate

Background: Malformations are structural or functional abnormalities in the organs and structures present at birth. Theseconditions are rarely described in the newborns of dogs and can lead to their death. Meroanencephaly is a defect of theneural tube closure malformation, a type of anencephaly and results from a failure of closure of the rostral neuropore(neural crest), and consequently the development of the calvary becomes defective. This study aims to characterize theclinical-pathological aspects of neonatal meroanencephaly since brain malformations are rare in newborn dogs.Case: A 2-day-old English Pointer canine was sent for a necropsy. The newborn belonged to a litter of eight puppies, andonly this one had macroscopic cranial alterations. Another puppy that died as a consequence of being trampled by thebitch was also necropsied. The newborn was alive for 48 h until death and presented apathy, crying, sucking reflex andopisthotonus. Macroscopic examination of the baby revealed flattening of the skull, with a slit at the site of bone symphysis fusion, and a slit in the skin of the parietal region, covered by thin, translucent meningeal tissue. The newborn hadno other macroscopic changes. The heads of the two animals were examined by radiography to identify the features ofanencephaly in one of the animals by visualizing skull bone flattening. Upon removing the skin and exposing the cranialcavity, an irregular reddish mass was revealed, that corresponded microscopically to area cerebrovasculosa, composed ofneurons and rudimentary glial tissue, vascular neoformation and, hemorrhage and congestion. The cranial nerves was notpossible to observe. There was disorganization of the brain areas with no limitation of white and gray matter and scarceneurons and also a region similar to the cerebellum, with a molecular layer but without the Purkinje neurons. In the spinal...

Urethral dysontogenic metaplasia in cat with bilateral renal dysplasia / Metaplasia disontogênica uretral em um felino com displasia renal bilateral

This paper to describe a case of dysontogenic urethral metaplasia in a one month old mongrel feline who also had bilateral renal dysplasia. Dysontogenic metaplasia in cats are scarce and this change may be associated with renal dysplasia and/or lower urinary tract. The animal had history of abdominal enlargement since birth and dysuria, eliminating urine only dropwise. Due to the poor prognosis we opted for euthanasia. At necropsy was observed enlarged and distended bladder, reduced kidneys and dilated and tortuous ureters. The urethra was thickened, hard to cut, and histologically, was replacing the connective tissue, cartilage and endochondral ossification areas, which features dysontogenic metaplasia. Both kidneys presented primitive appearance featuring dysplasia. Dysontogenic metaplasia in urinary tract feline with renal dysplasia, has not been described.(AU)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever um caso de metaplasia disontogênica uretral em um felino sem raça definida de um mês de idade, que também apresentava displasia renal bilateral. Dados sobre metaplasia disontogênica em felinos são escassos e a alteração pode estar associada a displasia renal e/ou do trato urinário inferior. O animal apresentava histórico de aumento abdominal desde o nascimento e disúria, eliminando a urina apenas por gotejamento. Devido ao prognóstico desfavorável optou-se pela eutanásia. Na necropsia observou-se bexiga aumentada e dilatada, rins diminuídos e ureteres dilatados e tortuosos. A uretra apresentava-se espessada e firme ao corte, e histologicamente, havia substituição ao tecido conjuntivo, áreas de cartilagem e zonas de ossificação endocondral, o que caracteriza metaplasia disontogênica. Ambos os rins apresentavam aspecto primitivo caracterizando a displasia renal. A metaplasia disontogênica no trato urinário de felinos com displasia renal, não tem sido descrita.(AU)

Eugenia uniflora fruit (red type) standardized extract: a potential pharmacological tool to diet-induced metabolic syndrome damage management.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Eugenia uniflora fruit (red type) extract on metabolic status, as well as on neurochemical and behavioral parameters in an animal model of metabolic syndrome induced by a highly palatable diet (HPD). Rats were treated for 150days and divided into 4 experimental groups: standard chow (SC) and water orally, SC and E. uniflora extract (200mg/kg daily, p.o), HPD and water orally, HPD and extract. Our data showed that HPD caused glucose intolerance, increased visceral fat, weight gain, as well as serum glucose, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol; however, E. uniflora prevented these alterations. The extract decreased lipid peroxidation and prevented the reduction of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum of animals submitted to HPD. We observed a HPD-induced reduction of thiol content in these cerebral structures. The extract prevented increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the prefrontal cortex caused by HPD and the increase in immobility time observed in the forced swim test. Regarding chemical composition, LC/MS analysis showed the presence of nine anthocyanins as the major compounds. In conclusion, E. uniflora extract showed benefits against metabolic alterations caused by HPD, as well as exhibited antioxidant and antidepressant-like effects.

Tumores mamários caninos (revisão de literatura) / Mammary Tumors Canines - Literature Review / Los tumores mamarios caninos - Revisión de la Literatura

Con el aumento de la esperanza de vida de las mascotas, los perros empezaron a tener más enfermedades crónicas, como el cáncer. Los estudios que caracterizan los diferentes tipos histológicos de los tumores malignos de mama son esenciales para la optimización de diagnóstico, lo que contribuye a la adopción de terapias eficaces y menos invasiva y / o agresivo para los pacientes, lo que contribuye a uma mayor calidad de vida de los animales y por lo tanto la reducción de la recurrencia estas neoplasias. En este sentido, es necessário incrementar los estudios en esta área, los autores realizaron una revisión de la literatura sobre los tumores mamarios en perros, para una mejor comprensión clínica, patológica, diagnóstico y tratamiento también.

With increasing life expectancy of pets, dogs began to have more chronic diseases, such as cancer. Studies characterizing different histological types of malignant breast neoplasms are essential for the optimization of diagnosis, contributing to adoption of effective therapies and less invasive and / or aggressive for patients, thus contributing to a higher quality of life of animals and consequently the reduction of recurrence these neoplasms. In this sense, being necessary to increase the studies in this area, we conducted this review of literature on breast tumors in dogs, for a better understanding clinical, pathological, diagnosis and also treatment.

Com o aumento da expectativa de vida dos animais de companhia, cães começaram a apresentar mais patologias crônicas, tais como o câncer. Estudos caracterizando diferentes tipos histológicos de neoplasmas mamários malignos são imprescindíveis para a otimização do diagnóstico, contribuindo para adoção terapias eficientes e menos invasivas e/ou agressivas para os pacientes, contribuindo assim, para uma maior qualidade de vida dos animais e consequentemente a diminuição da recorrência desses neoplasmas. Nesse sentido, por ser necessário aumentar os estudos nessa área, realizamos essa revisão de literatura sobre tumores mamários em cães, para um melhor entendimento clínico, patológico, diagnóstico e também tratamentos.

Tumores mamários caninos (revisão de literatura) / Mammary Tumors Canines - Literature Review / Los tumores mamarios caninos - Revisión de la Literatura

Con el aumento de la esperanza de vida de las mascotas, los perros empezaron a tener más enfermedades crónicas, como el cáncer. Los estudios que caracterizan los diferentes tipos histológicos de los tumores malignos de mama son esenciales para la optimización de diagnóstico, lo que contribuye a la adopción de terapias eficaces y menos invasiva y / o agresivo para los pacientes, lo que contribuye a uma mayor calidad de vida de los animales y por lo tanto la reducción de la recurrencia estas neoplasias. En este sentido, es necessário incrementar los estudios en esta área, los autores realizaron una revisión de la literatura sobre los tumores mamarios en perros, para una mejor comprensión clínica, patológica, diagnóstico y tratamiento también.(AU)

With increasing life expectancy of pets, dogs began to have more chronic diseases, such as cancer. Studies characterizing different histological types of malignant breast neoplasms are essential for the optimization of diagnosis, contributing to adoption of effective therapies and less invasive and / or aggressive for patients, thus contributing to a higher quality of life of animals and consequently the reduction of recurrence these neoplasms. In this sense, being necessary to increase the studies in this area, we conducted this review of literature on breast tumors in dogs, for a better understanding clinical, pathological, diagnosis and also treatment.(AU)

Com o aumento da expectativa de vida dos animais de companhia, cães começaram a apresentar mais patologias crônicas, tais como o câncer. Estudos caracterizando diferentes tipos histológicos de neoplasmas mamários malignos são imprescindíveis para a otimização do diagnóstico, contribuindo para adoção terapias eficientes e menos invasivas e/ou agressivas para os pacientes, contribuindo assim, para uma maior qualidade de vida dos animais e consequentemente a diminuição da recorrência desses neoplasmas. Nesse sentido, por ser necessário aumentar os estudos nessa área, realizamos essa revisão de literatura sobre tumores mamários em cães, para um melhor entendimento clínico, patológico, diagnóstico e também tratamentos.(AU)

Dioctophyme renale (Nematoda: Enoplida) in domestic dogs and cats in the extreme south of Brazil / Dioctophyme renale (Nematoda: Enoplida) em cães e gatos domésticos no extremo sul do Brasil

Abstract Dioctophyme renale is a zoonotic nematode that parasites the kidneys of wild and domestic carnivores, and it has been reported frequently in Brazil. The aim here was to register the number of cases of dogs and cats diagnosed with dioctophymosis by necropsy (1981 to 2014) and ultrasound examination (2010 to 2015) in Pelotas-RS. In this context, a survey was conducted on dioctophymosis cases diagnosed at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory (LPV) and Veterinary Clinical Hospital (HCV) of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), and at a specialist veterinary imaging diagnostics clinic. In total, 95 cases were registered. The high series of the disease in dogs can be related to the presence of a large number of stray and semi-domestic dogs in the city, and also due to the ingestion of intermediate hosts of D. renale parasitized with the infective larvae. Thus, it can be concluded that Pelotas is a city with favorable conditions for the occurrence of dioctophymosis with high rate of disease in recent years.

Resumo Dioctophyme renale é um nematódeo zoonótico que parasita principalmente o rim de carnívoros silvestres e domésticos, e tem sido relatado com frequência no Brasil. Objetivou-se registrar o número de casos de cães e gatos diagnosticados com dioctofimatose por necropsia (1981 a 2014) e exame ultrassonográfico (2010 a 2015) em Pelotas-RS. Nesse contexto, foi realizado um inquérito de casos de dioctofimatose em animais de companhia no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) e no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária (HCV) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), e em uma clínica veterinária especializada em diagnóstico por imagem, totalizando 95 casos registrados. A elevada casuística da doença em cães pode estar relacionada à presença de um grande número de cães errantes e semi-domiciliados na cidade, e também devido à ingestão dos hospedeiros intermediários de D. renale parasitados com a larva infectante. Assim, conclui-se que Pelotas é uma cidade propícia para a ocorrência de dioctofimatose, com elevada casuística da doença nos últimos anos.

Dioctophyme renale (Nematoda: Enoplida) in domestic dogs and cats in the extreme south of Brazil / Dioctophyme renale (Nematoda: Enoplida) em cães e gatos domésticos no extremo sul do Brasil

Dioctophyme renale is a zoonotic nematode that parasites the kidneys of wild and domestic carnivores, and it has been reported frequently in Brazil. The aim here was to register the number of cases of dogs and cats diagnosed with dioctophymosis by necropsy (1981 to 2014) and ultrasound examination (2010 to 2015) in Pelotas-RS. In this context, a survey was conducted on dioctophymosis cases diagnosed at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory (LPV) and Veterinary Clinical Hospital (HCV) of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), and at a specialist veterinary imaging diagnostics clinic. In total, 95 cases were registered. The high series of the disease in dogs can be related to the presence of a large number of stray and semi-domestic dogs in the city, and also due to the ingestion of intermediate hosts of D. renale parasitized with the infective larvae. Thus, it can be concluded that Pelotas is a city with favorable conditions for the occurrence of dioctophymosis with high rate of disease in recent years.(AU)

Dioctophyme renale é um nematódeo zoonótico que parasita principalmente o rim de carnívoros silvestres e domésticos, e tem sido relatado com frequência no Brasil. Objetivou-se registrar o número de casos de cães e gatos diagnosticados com dioctofimatose por necropsia (1981 a 2014) e exame ultrassonográfico (2010 a 2015) em Pelotas-RS. Nesse contexto, foi realizado um inquérito de casos de dioctofimatose em animais de companhia no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) e no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária (HCV) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), e em uma clínica veterinária especializada em diagnóstico por imagem, totalizando 95 casos registrados. A elevada casuística da doença em cães pode estar relacionada à presença de um grande número de cães errantes e semi-domiciliados na cidade, e também devido à ingestão dos hospedeiros intermediários de D. renale parasitados com a larva infectante. Assim, conclui-se que Pelotas é uma cidade propícia para a ocorrência de dioctofimatose, com elevada casuística da doença nos últimos anos.(AU)

Dioctophyme renale (Nematoda: Enoplida) in domestic dogs and cats in the extreme south of Brazil.

Dioctophyme renale is a zoonotic nematode that parasites the kidneys of wild and domestic carnivores, and it has been reported frequently in Brazil. The aim here was to register the number of cases of dogs and cats diagnosed with dioctophymosis by necropsy (1981 to 2014) and ultrasound examination (2010 to 2015) in Pelotas-RS. In this context, a survey was conducted on dioctophymosis cases diagnosed at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory (LPV) and Veterinary Clinical Hospital (HCV) of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), and at a specialist veterinary imaging diagnostics clinic. In total, 95 cases were registered. The high series of the disease in dogs can be related to the presence of a large number of stray and semi-domestic dogs in the city, and also due to the ingestion of intermediate hosts of D. renale parasitized with the infective larvae. Thus, it can be concluded that Pelotas is a city with favorable conditions for the occurrence of dioctophymosis with high rate of disease in recent years.

Urethral dysontogenic metaplasia in cat with bilateral renal dysplasia / Metaplasia disontogênica uretral em um felino com displasia renal bilateral

This paper to describe a case of dysontogenic urethral metaplasia in a one month old mongrel feline who also had bilateral renal dysplasia. Dysontogenic metaplasia in cats are scarce and this change may be associated with renal dysplasia and/or lower urinary tract. The animal had history of abdominal enlargement since birth and dysuria, eliminating urine only dropwise. Due to the poor prognosis we opted for euthanasia. At necropsy was observed enlarged and distended bladder, reduced kidneys and dilated and tortuous ureters. The urethra was thickened, hard to cut, and histologically, was replacing the connective tissue, cartilage and endochondral ossification areas, which features dysontogenic metaplasia. Both kidneys presented primitive appearance featuring dysplasia. Dysontogenic metaplasia in urinary tract feline with renal dysplasia, has not been described.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever um caso de metaplasia disontogênica uretral em um felino sem raça definida de um mês de idade, que também apresentava displasia renal bilateral. Dados sobre metaplasia disontogênica em felinos são escassos e a alteração pode estar associada a displasia renal e/ou do trato urinário inferior. O animal apresentava histórico de aumento abdominal desde o nascimento e disúria, eliminando a urina apenas por gotejamento. Devido ao prognóstico desfavorável optou-se pela eutanásia. Na necropsia observou-se bexiga aumentada e dilatada, rins diminuídos e ureteres dilatados e tortuosos. A uretra apresentava-se espessada e firme ao corte, e histologicamente, havia substituição ao tecido conjuntivo, áreas de cartilagem e zonas de ossificação endocondral, o que caracteriza metaplasia disontogênica. Ambos os rins apresentavam aspecto primitivo caracterizando a displasia renal. A metaplasia disontogênica no trato urinário de felinos com displasia renal, não tem sido descrita.

Urethral dysontogenic metaplasia in cat with bilateral renal dysplasia / Metaplasia disontogênica uretral em um felino com displasia renal bilateral

This paper to describe a case of dysontogenic urethral metaplasia in a one month old mongrel feline who also had bilateral renal dysplasia. Dysontogenic metaplasia in cats are scarce and this change may be associated with renal dysplasia and/or lower urinary tract. The animal had history of abdominal enlargement since birth and dysuria, eliminating urine only dropwise. Due to the poor prognosis we opted for euthanasia. At necropsy was observed enlarged and distended bladder, reduced kidneys and dilated and tortuous ureters. The urethra was thickened, hard to cut, and histologically, was replacing the connective tissue, cartilage and endochondral ossification areas, which features dysontogenic metaplasia. Both kidneys presented primitive appearance featuring dysplasia. Dysontogenic metaplasia in urinary tract feline with renal dysplasia, has not been described.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever um caso de metaplasia disontogênica uretral em um felino sem raça definida de um mês de idade, que também apresentava displasia renal bilateral. Dados sobre metaplasia disontogênica em felinos são escassos e a alteração pode estar associada a displasia renal e/ou do trato urinário inferior. O animal apresentava histórico de aumento abdominal desde o nascimento e disúria, eliminando a urina apenas por gotejamento. Devido ao prognóstico desfavorável optou-se pela eutanásia. Na necropsia observou-se bexiga aumentada e dilatada, rins diminuídos e ureteres dilatados e tortuosos. A uretra apresentava-se espessada e firme ao corte, e histologicamente, havia substituição ao tecido conjuntivo, áreas de cartilagem e zonas de ossificação endocondral, o que caracteriza metaplasia disontogênica. Ambos os rins apresentavam aspecto primitivo caracterizando a displasia renal. A metaplasia disontogênica no trato urinário de felinos com displasia renal, não tem sido descrita.

Urethral dysontogenic metaplasia in cat with bilateral renal dysplasia / Metaplasia disontogênica uretral em um felino com displasia renal bilateral

This paper to describe a case of dysontogenic urethral metaplasia in a one month old mongrel feline who also had bilateral renal dysplasia. Dysontogenic metaplasia in cats are scarce and this change may be associated with renal dysplasia and/or lower urinary tract. The animal had history of abdominal enlargement since birth and dysuria, eliminating urine only dropwise. Due to the poor prognosis we opted for euthanasia. At necropsy was observed enlarged and distended bladder, reduced kidneys and dilated and tortuous ureters. The urethra was thickened, hard to cut, and histologically, was replacing the connective tissue, cartilage and endochondral ossification areas, which features dysontogenic metaplasia. Both kidneys presented primitive appearance featuring dysplasia. Dysontogenic metaplasia in urinary tract feline with renal dysplasia, has not been described.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever um caso de metaplasia disontogênica uretral em um felino sem raça definida de um mês de idade, que também apresentava displasia renal bilateral. Dados sobre metaplasia disontogênica em felinos são escassos e a alteração pode estar associada a displasia renal e/ou do trato urinário inferior. O animal apresentava histórico de aumento abdominal desde o nascimento e disúria, eliminando a urina apenas por gotejamento. Devido ao prognóstico desfavorável optou-se pela eutanásia. Na necropsia observou-se bexiga aumentada e dilatada, rins diminuídos e ureteres dilatados e tortuosos. A uretra apresentava-se espessada e firme ao corte, e histologicamente, havia substituição ao tecido conjuntivo, áreas de cartilagem e zonas de ossificação endocondral, o que caracteriza metaplasia disontogênica. Ambos os rins apresentavam aspecto primitivo caracterizando a displasia renal. A metaplasia disontogênica no trato urinário de felinos com displasia renal, não tem sido descrita.

Intoxicações em felinos: relato de 24 casos / Poisoning in felines: 24 cases study / Envenenamiento en los felinos: estudio de 24 casos

La intoxicación de los felinos puede ser accidental o intencional. Muchas sustâncias pueden causar síntomas similares, sin embargo, la literatura sobre el tema es escassa y el tratamiento para cada cuadro clínico es muy diferente. En este contexto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las lesiones patológicas de las intoxicaciones en los gatos en el área cubierta por el Laboratorio Regional de Diagnóstico de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad Federal de Pelotas, mediante la revisión de los archivos de laboratorio y necropsias realizadas. Se estudiaron 24 casos de intoxicación. La historia clínica fue fundamental para establecer el diagnóstico, clínica y signos y lesiones características. Entre las sustancias involucradas estabanlos derivados de lacumarina, la estricnina, etilenglicol, fluoroacetato sódio, goma de moqueta, antipulgas y Lilium sp.

Poisoning in cats can be accidental or intentional. Many substances can cause similar symptoms. And the literature on the subject are scarce. However, the treatment for each clinical features is very different and yet, the literature on the subject are scarce. This study aimed to determine the pathologicallesions of poisoning in cats in the area covered by the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory of the Veterinary School of the Federal University of Pelotas, by reviewing laboratory files and necropsies. 24 cases of poisoning were studied. The clinical history was fundamental to establish the diagnose, clinical signs and characteristic lesions. The substances involved were coumarin derivatives, strychnine, ethylene glycol, sodium fluoroacetate, carpet glue, anti-fleas and Lilium sp.

As intoxicações em felinos podem ser acidentais ou intencionais. Muitas substâncias podem provocar sintomas semelhantes, e os dados da literatura sobre o assunto são escassos. No entanto o tratamento indicado para cada quadro clínico é diferente. Neste contexto este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as lesões anatomopatológicas das intoxicações em gatos na área de abrangência do Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Pelotas, através da revisão de arquivos do laboratório e necropsias realizadas. Foram estudados 24 casos de intoxicação. A história clínica foi fundamental para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico, além de sinais clínicos e lesões características. As substâncias implicadas foram derivadoscumarínicos, estricnina, etilenoglicol, fluoracetato, cola de carpete, antipulgas e Lilium sp.