Feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis: nonsteroidal vs corticosteroid topical treatment

Background: Feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis is a proliferative eye lesion of chronic aspect with usually unilateralpresentation that may initiate as a superficial vascularization that evolves to a proliferative, granular, irregular lesion ofwhitish-pink aspect. With its association with an immune-mediated response, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories do notappear to be efficient, although few studies describe its use. This case report describes a case of a feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis with its clinical evolution since the use of nonsteroidal topical anti-inflammatory drug in an undiagnosedpatient and the transition to a topical corticosteroid and cure after 14 days since diagnosis.Case: An 8-year-old female cat was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB),with main complaint being an eye injury with at least 36 days of evolution and unresponsive to treatment (topical tobramycin 0.3% every 12 h / ketorolac trometamol 0.5%/ every 12 h and ophthalmic lubricant/every 4 h). Since the patienthad free access to the street, the owners suspected of trauma-induced lesion. At physical examination, it was observed aproliferative lesion at the peri-limbal superotemporal quadrant of the right cornea with approximately 0.4 cm diameter,with color varying of pale to pink, with irregular surface and low vascularity, the adjacent conjunctiva was also affectedwith similar multiple nodular lesions (0.1 cm). Fluorescein test was negative as well as FIV/FeLV immunochromatographytesting. Feline herpesvirus investigation was not possible. The patient was anesthetized and a lesion specimen was acquiredwith a cotton swab scraping and a fine needle aspiration. Cytology showed predominance of eosinophils and mast cells,with rare corneal epithelial cells, with smear background containing mast cell...(AU)

Feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis: nonsteroidal vs corticosteroid topical treatment

Background: Feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis is a proliferative eye lesion of chronic aspect with usually unilateralpresentation that may initiate as a superficial vascularization that evolves to a proliferative, granular, irregular lesion ofwhitish-pink aspect. With its association with an immune-mediated response, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories do notappear to be efficient, although few studies describe its use. This case report describes a case of a feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis with its clinical evolution since the use of nonsteroidal topical anti-inflammatory drug in an undiagnosedpatient and the transition to a topical corticosteroid and cure after 14 days since diagnosis.Case: An 8-year-old female cat was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB),with main complaint being an eye injury with at least 36 days of evolution and unresponsive to treatment (topical tobramycin 0.3% every 12 h / ketorolac trometamol 0.5%/ every 12 h and ophthalmic lubricant/every 4 h). Since the patienthad free access to the street, the owners suspected of trauma-induced lesion. At physical examination, it was observed aproliferative lesion at the peri-limbal superotemporal quadrant of the right cornea with approximately 0.4 cm diameter,with color varying of pale to pink, with irregular surface and low vascularity, the adjacent conjunctiva was also affectedwith similar multiple nodular lesions (0.1 cm). Fluorescein test was negative as well as FIV/FeLV immunochromatographytesting. Feline herpesvirus investigation was not possible. The patient was anesthetized and a lesion specimen was acquiredwith a cotton swab scraping and a fine needle aspiration. Cytology showed predominance of eosinophils and mast cells,with rare corneal epithelial cells, with smear background containing mast cell...

Clinical and therapeutic aspects of an outbreak of canine trypanosomiasis.

Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi can seriously affect both domestic and wild animals. This article reports on an outbreak of canine trypanosomiasis on a farm in the Pantanal region of Brazil. The farm had 38 dogs, 20 of which died before receiving veterinary care. The remaining 18 dogs were underwent anamnesisn, clinical examination, hematological and biochemical evaluations. Blood smears and PCR analysis were performed for the diagnosis. The treatment protocols used according to the clinical recovery or parasitological cure of the dogs, using diminazene diaceturate, isometamidium chloride or quinapyramine sulfate. Post-treatment parasitological evaluation was performed by the microhematocrit technique. 7/18 dogs were PCR positive for T. evansi (confirmed by sequencing). There was clinical findings, which were consistent with both the acute and chronic stages of the disease in dogs. The infected dogs all exhibited at least one clinical sign of the disease. The hematological findings were compatible with trypanosomiasis, highlighting the hypochromic microcytic anemia as the main outcome. No treatment protocol was fully effective and the prolonged use of diminazene diaceturate caused the death of an animal. The trypanosomiasis can cause high rates of morbidity and mortality in dogs and difficulty in establishment an effective and safe therapeutic protocol.

Clinical and therapeutic aspects of an outbreak of canine trypanosomiasis / Aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos de um surto de tripanossomíase canina

Abstract Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi can seriously affect both domestic and wild animals. This article reports on an outbreak of canine trypanosomiasis on a farm in the Pantanal region of Brazil. The farm had 38 dogs, 20 of which died before receiving veterinary care. The remaining 18 dogs were underwent anamnesisn, clinical examination, hematological and biochemical evaluations. Blood smears and PCR analysis were performed for the diagnosis. The treatment protocols used according to the clinical recovery or parasitological cure of the dogs, using diminazene diaceturate, isometamidium chloride or quinapyramine sulfate. Post-treatment parasitological evaluation was performed by the microhematocrit technique. 7/18 dogs were PCR positive for T. evansi (confirmed by sequencing). There was clinical findings, which were consistent with both the acute and chronic stages of the disease in dogs. The infected dogs all exhibited at least one clinical sign of the disease. The hematological findings were compatible with trypanosomiasis, highlighting the hypochromic microcytic anemia as the main outcome. No treatment protocol was fully effective and the prolonged use of diminazene diaceturate caused the death of an animal. The trypanosomiasis can cause high rates of morbidity and mortality in dogs and difficulty in establishment an effective and safe therapeutic protocol.

Resumo A tripanossomíase causada por Trypanosoma evansi pode acometer gravemente os animais domésticos e selvagens. Este artigo relata um surto de tripanossomíase canina em uma fazenda na região do Pantanal, Brasil. Na fazenda havia 38 cães, 20 dos quais morreram antes de receber cuidados veterinários. Os 18 cães restantes foram submetidos a anamnese, exame clínico, avaliação hematológica e bioquímica. Esfregaços de sangue e análise da PCR foram realizados para o diagnóstico. Os protocolos de tratamento foram utilizados de acordo com a recuperação clínica ou cura parasitológica dos cães, utilizando diaceturato de diminazeno, cloreto de isometamídio ou sulfato de quinapiramina. A avaliação parasitológica pós-tratamento foi realizada pela técnica de microhematócrito. 7/18 cães foram PCR positivos para T. evansi (confirmado por sequenciamento). Os achados clínicos encontrados, foram consistentes com os estágios agudo e crônico da doença em cães. Todos os cães infectados exibiram pelo menos um sinal clínico da doença. Os achados hematológicos foram compatíveis com a tripanossomíase, destacando a anemia microcítica hipocrômica como principal consequência. Nenhum protocolo de tratamento foi totalmente eficaz e o uso prolongado de diaceturato de diminazeno causou a morte de um animal. A tripanossomíase pode causar altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade em cães e dificultar o estabelecimento de um protocolo terapêutico eficaz e seguro.

Clinical and therapeutic aspects of an outbreak of canine trypanosomiasis / Aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos de um surto de tripanossomíase canina

Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi can seriously affect both domestic and wild animals. This article reports on an outbreak of canine trypanosomiasis on a farm in the Pantanal region of Brazil. The farm had 38 dogs, 20 of which died before receiving veterinary care. The remaining 18 dogs were underwent anamnesisn, clinical examination, hematological and biochemical evaluations. Blood smears and PCR analysis were performed for the diagnosis. The treatment protocols used according to the clinical recovery or parasitological cure of the dogs, using diminazene diaceturate, isometamidium chloride or quinapyramine sulfate. Post-treatment parasitological evaluation was performed by the microhematocrit technique. 7/18 dogs were PCR positive for T. evansi (confirmed by sequencing). There was clinical findings, which were consistent with both the acute and chronic stages of the disease in dogs. The infected dogs all exhibited at least one clinical sign of the disease. The hematological findings were compatible with trypanosomiasis, highlighting the hypochromic microcytic anemia as the main outcome. No treatment protocol was fully effective and the prolonged use of diminazene diaceturate caused the death of an animal. The trypanosomiasis can cause high rates of morbidity and mortality in dogs and difficulty in establishment an effective and safe therapeutic protocol.(AU)

A tripanossomíase causada por Trypanosoma evansi pode acometer gravemente os animais domésticos e selvagens. Este artigo relata um surto de tripanossomíase canina em uma fazenda na região do Pantanal, Brasil. Na fazenda havia 38 cães, 20 dos quais morreram antes de receber cuidados veterinários. Os 18 cães restantes foram submetidos a anamnese, exame clínico, avaliação hematológica e bioquímica. Esfregaços de sangue e análise da PCR foram realizados para o diagnóstico. Os protocolos de tratamento foram utilizados de acordo com a recuperação clínica ou cura parasitológica dos cães, utilizando diaceturato de diminazeno, cloreto de isometamídio ou sulfato de quinapiramina. A avaliação parasitológica pós-tratamento foi realizada pela técnica de microhematócrito. 7/18 cães foram PCR positivos para T. evansi (confirmado por sequenciamento). Os achados clínicos encontrados, foram consistentes com os estágios agudo e crônico da doença em cães. Todos os cães infectados exibiram pelo menos um sinal clínico da doença. Os achados hematológicos foram compatíveis com a tripanossomíase, destacando a anemia microcítica hipocrômica como principal consequência. Nenhum protocolo de tratamento foi totalmente eficaz e o uso prolongado de diaceturato de diminazeno causou a morte de um animal. A tripanossomíase pode causar altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade em cães e dificultar o estabelecimento de um protocolo terapêutico eficaz e seguro.(AU)