Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts from Commiphora leptophloeos (MART.) J. B. Gillett against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from cases of mastitis in ruminants / Atividade antimicrobiana do extrato etanolico da Commiphora leptophloeos (MART.) J. B. Gillett frente a Staphylococcus spp. isolados de casos de mastite em ruminantes

Considering the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants as alternatives to antibiotic therapy, the research aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Commiphora leptophloeos against isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from the milk of ruminants with subclinical mastitis. For this, the crude ethanolic extract from the bark and leaves of Commiphora leptophloeos was prepared, with these being chemically characterized by HPLC-DAD-MS and by MALDI-TOF. The extracts were then evaluated as to their antimicrobial effects against 60 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. through the broth microdilution technique to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration. In addition, the extracts were evaluated as to their ability to interfere with biofilm formation and with the already established biofilm. Although all tested extracts showed antimicrobial action, lower MBC values were recorded for the bark extract in the concentration 781.2 µg/mL (25/60). The extracts of the bark and leaves were able to interfere with the initial stages of biofilm formation, but there was no interference of the extract on the established biofilm. There was a high sensitivity of Staphylococcus spp. isolates from subclinical mastitis cases in ruminants when subjected to the extracts from bark and leaves of Commiphora leptophloeos, as well as regarding the ability of extracts to interfere in biofilm formation, indicating their potential in the use for ruminant mastitis therapy.(AU)

Considerando o potencial terapêutico de plantas medicinais como alternativas à antibioticoterapia, a pesquisa visa avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de Commiphora leptophloeos contra isolados de Staphylococcus spp. de leite de ruminante com mastite subclínica. Para isso, foi elaborado o extrato etanólico bruto da casca e folhas de Commiphora leptophloeos, sendo as mesmas caracterizadas quimicamente por HPLC-DAD-MS e por MALDI-TOF. Os extratos foram então avaliados quanto aos seus efeitos antimicrobianos contra 60 isolados de Staphylococcus spp pela técnica de microdiluição em caldo para determinação da concentração bactericida mínima. Além disso, os extratos foram avaliados quanto à sua capacidade de interferir na formação do biofilme e com o biofilme já consolidado. Apesar de todos os extratos testados terem apresentado ação antimicrobiana, valores menores de CBM foram registrados para o extrato da casca na concentração 781,2 µg/mL (25/60). Os extratos da casca e das folhas foram capazes de interferir nos estágios iniciais da formação do biofilme, mas não ocorreu interferência do extrato no biofilme consolidado. Houve alta sensibilidade do isolados testados quando submetidos a extratos de folhas e casca de Commiphora leptophloeos, bem como a capacidade de extratos interferirem na formação de biofilme, indicando seu potencial uso na terapia de mastite de ruminantes.(AU)

Geopropolis gel for the adjuvant treatment of candidiasis - formulation and in vitro release assay

ABSTRACT The geopropolis produced by the stingless bee Melipona subnitida (popularly called "jandaíra" in Brazil) is a mixture of resin, wax, and mud. This study analyzed the antifungal activity of the geopropolis extract from Candida spp., developed a gel formulation with this extract and analyzed the delivery of bioactives (kinetics release) in the formulation and their chemical profile by UHPLC-PDA-qTOF-MS/MS. Three different gels were prepared using the geopropolis extract, carbomer, propylene glycol, and water. Formulations with different amounts of propylene glycol were investigated. Physical, visual, pH, viscosity, adhesion, spreadability, leakage, and in vitro release tests were performed in the proposed formulations. Antifungal tests with the geopropolis ethanolic extract were carried out against six Candida species. The chemical profile of the geopropolis extract and compounds released from the formulations were analyzed after the release test. The formulations had a pH between 4.6 and 4.8 and viscosity between 535,600 and 920,400 cPs. The geopropolis extract presented excellent antifungal activity against the tested yeasts. The results of the release test in semipermeable cellulose membrane showed that all formulations containing 5%, 10% and 40% propylene glycol presented release of geopropolis extract. For adhesion and leakage tests, the gel formulation with 5% propylene glycol was more effective. Both geopropolis ethanolic extract and the liquid obtained in the release test showed the presence of flavonoids (flavonol/flavone, flavanone, and chalcones). Gel formulations with geopropolis extract that are rich in flavonoids are promising as an adjuvant treatment of vaginal candidiasis.

Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts from Commiphora leptophloeos (MART.) J. B. Gillett against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from cases of mastitis in ruminants / Atividade antimicrobiana do extrato etanolico da Commiphora leptophloeos (MART.) J. B. Gillett frente a Staphylococcus spp. isolados de casos de mastite em ruminantes

Considering the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants as alternatives to antibiotic therapy, the research aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Commiphora leptophloeos against isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from the milk of ruminants with subclinical mastitis. For this, the crude ethanolic extract from the bark and leaves of Commiphora leptophloeos was prepared, with these being chemically characterized by HPLC-DAD-MS and by MALDI-TOF. The extracts were then evaluated as to their antimicrobial effects against 60 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. through the broth microdilution technique to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration. In addition, the extracts were evaluated as to their ability to interfere with biofilm formation and with the already established biofilm. Although all tested extracts showed antimicrobial action, lower MBC values were recorded for the bark extract in the concentration 781.2 µg/mL (25/60). The extracts of the bark and leaves were able to interfere with the initial stages of biofilm formation, but there was no interference of the extract on the established biofilm. There was a high sensitivity of Staphylococcus spp. isolates from subclinical mastitis cases in ruminants when subjected to the extracts from bark and leaves of Commiphora leptophloeos, as well as regarding the ability of extracts to interfere in biofilm formation, indicating their potential in the use for ruminant mastitis therapy.

Considerando o potencial terapêutico de plantas medicinais como alternativas à antibioticoterapia, a pesquisa visa avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de Commiphora leptophloeos contra isolados de Staphylococcus spp. de leite de ruminante com mastite subclínica. Para isso, foi elaborado o extrato etanólico bruto da casca e folhas de Commiphora leptophloeos, sendo as mesmas caracterizadas quimicamente por HPLC-DAD-MS e por MALDI-TOF. Os extratos foram então avaliados quanto aos seus efeitos antimicrobianos contra 60 isolados de Staphylococcus spp pela técnica de microdiluição em caldo para determinação da concentração bactericida mínima. Além disso, os extratos foram avaliados quanto à sua capacidade de interferir na formação do biofilme e com o biofilme já consolidado. Apesar de todos os extratos testados terem apresentado ação antimicrobiana, valores menores de CBM foram registrados para o extrato da casca na concentração 781,2 µg/mL (25/60). Os extratos da casca e das folhas foram capazes de interferir nos estágios iniciais da formação do biofilme, mas não ocorreu interferência do extrato no biofilme consolidado. Houve alta sensibilidade do isolados testados quando submetidos a extratos de folhas e casca de Commiphora leptophloeos, bem como a capacidade de extratos interferirem na formação de biofilme, indicando seu potencial uso na terapia de mastite de ruminantes.

Antioxidant and Antihypertensive Effects of a Chemically Defined Fraction of Syrah Red Wine on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

A particularly phenolic-rich fraction extracted from red wine from the São Francisco valley (Northeastern Brazil) was chemically characterized and its hypotensive and antioxidant effects on spontaneously hypertensive rats were studied both in vitro and in vivo. The liquid-liquid pH dependent fractionation scheme afforded a fraction with high content of bioactive phenolics such as flavonols, flavonol glycosides, phenolic acids and anthocyanins, whose identities were confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis. Pretreatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with this wine fraction at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg by gavage. for 15 days was able to decrease mean arterial pressure and heart rate as well as decrease serum lipid peroxidation. The fraction at concentrations of 0.01-1000 µg/mL induced concentration-dependent relaxation of isolated rat superior mesenteric artery rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine and this effect was not attenuated by endothelium removal. Our results demonstrate it is possible for phenolic constituents of red wine that are orally bioavailable to exert in vivo hypotensive and antioxidant effects on intact endothelial function.