Thermal stress alters the basal value of serum proteins in laying hens / O estresse térmico altera o valor basal das proteínas séricas em galinhas poedeiras

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal stress on the physiological and metabolic parameters in laying hens and the microbiological quality of eggs. The experiment was performed with 50 Rhode Island Red hens in the initial laying phase, under standard diet, lodged in 20 m² stalls under controlled temperature, for 30 days. The laying hens were randomly divided into two groups: G1 - the control group, which contained 10 hens exposed to the temperature of 17 ºC; G2 - the treatment group, which contained 40 hens exposed to the temperature of 30 ºC. The physiological parameters evaluated were: cloacal temperature, body surface temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and weight. Biochemical tests included total protein, albumin, globulin, and glucose. The group subjected to thermal stress showed lower body weight, increased heart rate, a slight increase in the respiratory rate, and increase in body surface temperature when compared with the control group (P < 0.05), although no significant differences were observed regarding cloacal temperature. As for the metabolic parameters, the treated group showed an increase in total proteins and globulins compared with the control group (P < 0.05), while albumin remained at basal levels. Additionally, hypoglycemia was observed in the treated group. Samples from egg shells and yolk were subjected to the analyses for the detection of Salmonella spp. These microorganisms were not detected amongst the egg samples.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do estresse térmico nos parâmetros fisiológicos e metabólicos de poedeiras, bem como na qualidade microbiológica dos ovos. O experimento foi realizado com 50 poedeiras da raça Rhode Island Red, em fase inicial de postura, recebendo dieta padronizada, alojadas em baias com aproximadamente 20 m2, com temperatura controlada, durante um período de 30 dias. As aves foram aleatoriamente divididas em dois grupos: G1 - grupo controle contendo 10 poedeiras expostas a uma temperatura de 17 °C; e G2 - grupo tratamento contendo 40 poedeiras expostas a uma temperatura de 30 °C. Os parâmetros fisiológicos avaliados foram: temperatura cloacal, temperatura corporal superficial, frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória e peso. Foram realizados os exames bioquímicos de proteína total, albumina, globulina e glicose. No grupo mantido sob estresse térmico foi observado menor peso corporal, aumento na frequência cardíaca, leve aumento na frequência respiratória e aumento na temperatura corporal superficial quando comparado ao grupo controle (P < 0.05), enquanto que para temperatura cloacal não houve diferença entre os grupos. Com relação às avaliações metabólicas, foi observado um aumento nas proteínas totais e globulinas das aves do grupo tratado quando comparado ao grupo controle (P < 0.05), enquanto que a albumina se manteve a níveis basais. Adicionalmente, observou-se hipoglicemia no grupo tratado. Amostras da casca e gema dos ovos foram submetidas à análise de Salmonella spp.. O patógeno não foi detectado em nenhuma das amostras analisadas.(AU)

Thermal stress alters the basal value of serum proteins in laying hens / O estresse térmico altera o valor basal das proteínas séricas em galinhas poedeiras

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal stress on the physiological and metabolic parameters in laying hens and the microbiological quality of eggs. The experiment was performed with 50 Rhode Island Red hens in the initial laying phase, under standard diet, lodged in 20 m² stalls under controlled temperature, for 30 days. The laying hens were randomly divided into two groups: G1 - the control group, which contained 10 hens exposed to the temperature of 17 ºC; G2 - the treatment group, which contained 40 hens exposed to the temperature of 30 ºC. The physiological parameters evaluated were: cloacal temperature, body surface temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and weight. Biochemical tests included total protein, albumin, globulin, and glucose. The group subjected to thermal stress showed lower body weight, increased heart rate, a slight increase in the respiratory rate, and increase in body surface temperature when compared with the control group (P < 0.05), although no significant differences were observed regarding cloacal temperature. As for the metabolic parameters, the treated group showed an increase in total proteins and globulins compared with the control group (P < 0.05), while albumin remained at basal levels. Additionally, hypoglycemia was observed in the treated group. Samples from egg shells and yolk were subjected to the analyses for the detection of Salmonella spp. These microorganisms were not detected amongst the egg samples.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do estresse térmico nos parâmetros fisiológicos e metabólicos de poedeiras, bem como na qualidade microbiológica dos ovos. O experimento foi realizado com 50 poedeiras da raça Rhode Island Red, em fase inicial de postura, recebendo dieta padronizada, alojadas em baias com aproximadamente 20 m2, com temperatura controlada, durante um período de 30 dias. As aves foram aleatoriamente divididas em dois grupos: G1 - grupo controle contendo 10 poedeiras expostas a uma temperatura de 17 °C; e G2 - grupo tratamento contendo 40 poedeiras expostas a uma temperatura de 30 °C. Os parâmetros fisiológicos avaliados foram: temperatura cloacal, temperatura corporal superficial, frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória e peso. Foram realizados os exames bioquímicos de proteína total, albumina, globulina e glicose. No grupo mantido sob estresse térmico foi observado menor peso corporal, aumento na frequência cardíaca, leve aumento na frequência respiratória e aumento na temperatura corporal superficial quando comparado ao grupo controle (P < 0.05), enquanto que para temperatura cloacal não houve diferença entre os grupos. Com relação às avaliações metabólicas, foi observado um aumento nas proteínas totais e globulinas das aves do grupo tratado quando comparado ao grupo controle (P < 0.05), enquanto que a albumina se manteve a níveis basais. Adicionalmente, observou-se hipoglicemia no grupo tratado. Amostras da casca e gema dos ovos foram submetidas à análise de Salmonella spp.. O patógeno não foi detectado em nenhuma das amostras analisadas.

Effect of organic acids or monensin-sodium addition on fatty acid production of short chain and methane through the ruminal fermentation in vitro / Efeito da adição de ácidos orgânicos ou monensina sódica na produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e metano através da fermentação ruminal in vitro

Food additives may increase food and animal production efficiency, as well as reduce the production of enteric methane (CH4). With the aim to evaluate the influence of organic additives in two concentrations (250 and 500 ppm) in the production of CH4 (mL), short chain fatty acids (SCFA), ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) and pH, an experiment in vitro gas was conducted, having two control groups, one as a negative control without the presence of additive and another as a positive control, with the addition of monensin-sodium (30ppm). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatment with monensin-sodium increased the propionate production (p<0.05) and decreased (p<0.05) CH4, acetate, butyrate, valerate, isobutyrate, isovalerate production, the acetate/ propionate ratio and total SCFA production compared to treatment without additive, the N-NH3 concentration being unchanged. Among CTX 250 and 500 organic acids treatments, only 500 CTX showed a trend (p<0.10) to decrease in N-NH3 concentrations, with no significant changes (p>0.05) in the remaining parameters related to treatment without additives. In this sense, monensin-sodium shows characteristics of modulation of rumen environment.(AU)

Aditivos alimentares podem aumentar a eficiência dos alimentos e a produção animal, bem como reduzir a produção de metano (CH4) entérico. Com objetivo de avaliar a influência de aditivos orgânicos em duas concentrações (250 e 500ppm) na produção de CH4 (mL), ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC), nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) e no pH, foi conduzido um experimento in vitro gás, tendo dois controles, um negativo sem a presença de aditivo e outro positivo, com à adição de monensina sódica (30ppm). O experimento foi organizado em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. O tratamento com monensina sódica aumentou (p<0.05) a produção de propionato e diminuiu (p<0.05) a produção de CH4, acetato, butirato, valerato, isobutirato, isovalerato, a relação de acetato/propionato e a produção total AGCC em relação ao tratamento sem aditivo, não alterando a concentração de N-NH3. Dos tratamentos com ácidos orgânicos CTX 250 e 500, somente o CTX 500 mostrou tendência (p<0.10) a diminuição nas concentrações de N-NH3, sem alterações significativas (p>0.05) nos demais parâmetros avaliados em relação ao tratamento sem aditivos. Neste sentido a monensina sódica apresenta características de modulação do ambiente ruminal.(AU)

The effect of mycotoxins adsorbents beta glucans or montmorillonite on bovine ruminal fermentation in vitro / Impacto dos adsorventes de micotoxinas Beta-glucana ou montmorilonita sobre a fermentação ruminal de bovinos in vitro

Background: The addition of adsorbents in foods has been the strategy used by nutritionists to reduce the toxic effects of mycotoxins in animals. Mycotoxins are found in a range of foods and commonly they present variations in the chemical structure therefore, it has been appropriate to include adsorbents from different sources in the diet of ruminants. However, few researches were conducted in order to better understand the interaction of adsorbents on ruminal fermentation. Our objective in this study was to investigate the possible effects of two adsorbent products on bovine ruminal fermentation. One consists of 65% of -glucan (-glu), originating cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and used at a concentration of 1% and natural sodium montmorillonite (MMT) at a concentration of 5%. Materials, Methods & Results: The effects of -glu adsorbents (1%) and MMC (5%) in culture medium that simulated ruminal fermentation were evaluated. Bottles, with a capacity of 120 mL, were used to be filled with substrate such as maize and ryegrass hay ground, nutrient solution (medium of Menke), liquid extracted rumen fistulated bovine and the two adsorbents evaluated, totaling 50 mL. The experiment was conducted with three treatments, named after: control (Cont), -glu and MMT. In the control treatment adsorbents were not added. Six replicates were used for each treatment and two trials were conducted. One of the tests aimed to determine the fermentation kinetics by means of the gas production after 72 h incubation and quantifying the production of methane (CH4) at 48h. While another test aimed to quantify the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) - acetic, propionic and butyric acid - and the production of ammonia (NH3) in 24 h incubation. [...](AU)

Effect of organic acids or monensin-sodium addition on fatty acid production of short chain and methane through the ruminal fermentation in vitro / Efeito da adição de ácidos orgânicos ou monensina sódica na produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e metano através da fermentação ruminal in vitro

Food additives may increase food and animal production efficiency, as well as reduce the production of enteric methane (CH4). With the aim to evaluate the influence of organic additives in two concentrations (250 and 500 ppm) in the production of CH4 (mL), short chain fatty acids (SCFA), ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) and pH, an experiment in vitro gas was conducted, having two control groups, one as a negative control without the presence of additive and another as a positive control, with the addition of monensin-sodium (30ppm). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatment with monensin-sodium increased the propionate production (p0.05) in the remaining parameters related to treatment without additives. In this sense, monensin-sodium shows characteristics of modulation of rumen environment.

Aditivos alimentares podem aumentar a eficiência dos alimentos e a produção animal, bem como reduzir a produção de metano (CH4) entérico. Com objetivo de avaliar a influência de aditivos orgânicos em duas concentrações (250 e 500ppm) na produção de CH4 (mL), ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC), nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) e no pH, foi conduzido um experimento in vitro gás, tendo dois controles, um negativo sem a presença de aditivo e outro positivo, com à adição de monensina sódica (30ppm). O experimento foi organizado em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. O tratamento com monensina sódica aumentou (p0.05) nos demais parâmetros avaliados em relação ao tratamento sem aditivos. Neste sentido a monensina sódica apresenta características de modulação do ambiente ruminal.

The effect of mycotoxins adsorbents beta glucans or montmorillonite on bovine ruminal fermentation in vitro / Impacto dos adsorventes de micotoxinas Beta-glucana ou montmorilonita sobre a fermentação ruminal de bovinos in vitro

Background: The addition of adsorbents in foods has been the strategy used by nutritionists to reduce the toxic effects of mycotoxins in animals. Mycotoxins are found in a range of foods and commonly they present variations in the chemical structure therefore, it has been appropriate to include adsorbents from different sources in the diet of ruminants. However, few researches were conducted in order to better understand the interaction of adsorbents on ruminal fermentation. Our objective in this study was to investigate the possible effects of two adsorbent products on bovine ruminal fermentation. One consists of 65% of -glucan (-glu), originating cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and used at a concentration of 1% and natural sodium montmorillonite (MMT) at a concentration of 5%. Materials, Methods & Results: The effects of -glu adsorbents (1%) and MMC (5%) in culture medium that simulated ruminal fermentation were evaluated. Bottles, with a capacity of 120 mL, were used to be filled with substrate such as maize and ryegrass hay ground, nutrient solution (medium of Menke), liquid extracted rumen fistulated bovine and the two adsorbents evaluated, totaling 50 mL. The experiment was conducted with three treatments, named after: control (Cont), -glu and MMT. In the control treatment adsorbents were not added. Six replicates were used for each treatment and two trials were conducted. One of the tests aimed to determine the fermentation kinetics by means of the gas production after 72 h incubation and quantifying the production of methane (CH4) at 48h. While another test aimed to quantify the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) - acetic, propionic and butyric acid - and the production of ammonia (NH3) in 24 h incubation. [...]