[Certain problems of teaching operative surgery and topographic anatomy].

The article presents a discussion of different methods of teaching operative surgery and topographic anatomy in medical colleges (prediploma training) and education after diploma.

[Minimally invasive surgical methods in treatment of nodular goiter].

The article presents results of topographo-anatomical investigation of the asymmetric mini-access used in surgical treatment of the nodular goiter. It was established that the mini-access is rational, adequate and does not require special surgical instruments. The performance of hemithyroidectomy from the asymmetric mini-access used in 99 patients with nodular goiter had excellent cosmetic effect, early rehabilitation and low number of complications. Long-term results of treatment by the method of ethanol destruction were investigated in 50 patients. At the end of the observation the diameter of the nodes was found to increase as compared with the minimal indices.

[Variants and regularities of hepatic artery topography (practical aspects)]. / Varianty i zakonomernosti topografii arterii pecheni (prikladnye aspekty).

Variants of forming of the arteries of upper abdomen were studied. Peculiarities of their location in different variants were considered using 75 visceral complexes. A description of the original variant of hepatic artery is given. 2 laws of arrangement of the arteries in the upper abdomen were formulated corresponding with all the anatomic variants known that explain predominant location of right and left hepatic arteries.

[Computer modelling of the organs of the upper abdominal cavity]. / Komp'iuternoe modelirovanie organov verkhnego étazha briushnoi polosti.

Method of creation computer models of upper floor of abdomen organs: liver, gallbladder, duodenum, pancreas, stomach, blood vessels with using computer system "DUCT" was described. Details of modelled structures of the cylindric and complicated forms were noted.

[Clinical and experimental aspects of pulmonology]. / Klinicheskie i experimental'nye aspekty pul'monologii.

The prevalence of lung diseases and its associated sociomedical losses remain to be intolerable. The advantages of Russia's existing outpatient pneumonia treatment are shown. Experimental and clinical data on the polyetiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome and positive experience with extracorporeal detoxification, various efferent treatments and auxiliary membrane oxygenation of blood are given. The current approaches to interpreting, treating, and preventing chronic pulmonary obstructive diseases, bronchial asthma, emphysema, interstitial (disseminated) lung diseases and mucoviscidosis are discussed.

[Course of wound healing under the influence of polyfepan in patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Polifepan pri zazhivlenii ran u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

The results of the treatment of 140 patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with purulent process are analysed. The vulnerosorption with polyphepan was used in 68 patients. Polyphepan is a natural polymer obtained from a technical lignin. The method of vulnerosorption with polyphepan is described. Positive dynamics of the local inflammatory process, shorter cleaning of the wound and the time of granulation were demonstrated. The use of the wound sorption provided the decrease of the hospital stay by 13.7 + 0.2 days.

[Social aspects of the problem of suppurative surgical diseases]. / Sotsialnye aspekty problemy gnoinykh khirurgicheskikh zabolevanii.

The case records of 259 patients with purulent surgical diseases are analysed. The following social groups of patients were distinguished; students--10.4%, office workers--20.5%, factory and agricultural workers--35.9%, lonely pensioners, invalids, and homeless persons--33.2%. The last named group is least socially protected, and the diseases in these cases have a characteristic course and outcomes. In the groups of students and office workers the disease is predominantly marked by the formation of abscesses with rapid resolution after an operative intervention. In the socially unprotected group with somatic diseases, poor nutrition, and absence of care, the purulent process takes a phlegmanous course calling for the use of antibiotics and immunostimulators. The percentage of rehospitalization among these patients is high (up to 20%) due, in many respects, to social factors.

[Combined cycles--a new form of advanced training for physicians. Initial experience and perspectives]. / Sochetannye tsikly--novaia forma usovershenstvovaniia vrachei. Pervyi opyt i perspektivy.

A new organizational form of postgraduate training of physicians was substantiated. Thus it became possible to combine high educational, methodological and scientific potential of the institutes (faculties) of advanced training of physicians with the possibilities of large hospitals in applied training of physicians. Combined specialized cycles on ophthalmology demonstrated a number of advantages of such training compared to the traditional techniques and also indicated some conditions for raising its effectiveness. Even now it is possible to expand the range of specialties on combined training of physicians and in the future to reorganize training of young interns.