[Immunometabolic activity of fluoroquinolones immobilized into cell carriers in toxic lesion of the kidneys due to staphylococcal infection].

The study of immunomodulating, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of some fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin) immobilized into erythrocyte and leukocyte carriers was made on Wistar rats with body mass about 150-180 g. It is shown that toxic action on the kidneys of mercury dichloride, especially a combined action of mercury dichloride and staphylococcal infection, raised the levels of urea and creatinine, caused immunosuppression, activated hepatotoxic, cytolytic and oxidative processes, decreased antioxidant and energetic potentials of erythrocytes. Unbound fluoroquinolones intensified the above processes. Introduction of fluoroquinolones immobilized into erythrocyte and leukocyte carriers, respectively, decreased and normalized intensity of lipid peroxidation, cholestasis, cytolysis, improved and normalized immune system functions, antioxidant and energetic potentials of erythrocytes.

[Immunomodulating, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of immobilized forms of aminoglycoside antibiotics in toxic damage to the kidneys complicated with staphylococcal infection].

Investigation of the influence of aminoglycoside antibiotics included into erythrocytes and leukocytes on the development of immune response and intensity of oxidative and hepatotoxic processes in experimental kidney pathology complicated with staphylococcal infection was made on Wistar rats. Erythrocyte and leukocyte carriers of amikacin and gentamycin were obtained. Spectrophotometric assay of the immobilized antibiotics was developed. It is shown that introduction of the free antibiotics enhanced immunosuppression, pro-oxidant and hepatotoxic effects induced by introduction of mercury dichloride and staphylococcus while antibiotics in erythrocytic and leukocytic carriers stabilized and normalized parameters characterizing renal excretion activity, immune system function, energetic and oxidative processes in erythrocytes, cholestasis and cytolysis processes in toxic pathology of the kidneys combined with staphylococcal infection.

[Distribution of dipyridamole in the organism of warm-blooded animals].

Characteristics of distribution of dipyridamolum in the organism of warm-blooded animals (rats) after its intragastric introduction were studied. It was established that intact dipyridamolum in great quantity was present in visceras, blood and excrements of poisoned animals. In the greatest quantity dipyridamolum was present in excrements, tissues of stomach, small intestine, lung, spleen and kidney.

[Detection of dipiridamol in biological fluids].

Acetone is proposed as an isolating agent for dipiridamol isolation from biological fluids. Purification of the isolates was performed with liquid-liquid extraction and colon chromatography with silasorb C-18 sorbent. The technique of dipiridamol detection in the blood and urine is described. The assays results are presented.

[Experimental basis for the use of new dosage forms of doxorubicin for correction of its hepatotoxic, prooxidant and immunosuppressory effects]. / Eksperimental'noe obosnovanie ispol'zovaniia novykh lekarstvennykh form doksorubitsina dlia korrektsii ego gepatotoksicheskogo, prooksidatnogo i immunosupressornogo deistviia.

The study was aimed at design of new dosage forms of doxorubicin (films, erythrocyte vehicles) for correction of its hepatotoxic, prooxidant and immunosuppressory effects. The experiments were performed on Wistar rats with the use of doxorubicin of Lens-Pharm (Moscow) and auxiliary substances meeting the requirements of the standards. Technology for preparation of doxorubicin-entrapped films was developed and the optimal polymer for the vehicle was recommended, i.e. oxypropylmethylcellulose Methocel 65 Hg 50 providing preservation of the antimicrobial activity. Conditions for storage of the antibiotic-entrapped films were determined. The main qualitative indices of the antibiotic-entrapped films were shown to be stable during the storage for 12 months. Erythrocyte-vehicles with entrapped doxorubicin were prepared. Antibiotic-free erythrocyte vehicles were found to preserve their ability to entrap doxorubicin for 9 days and the doxorubicin-entrapped erythrocyte vehicles were stable for 48 hours. A procedure for spectrophotometric qualitative evaluation of doxorubicin entrapping into the films and erythrocyte vehicles was developed. It was observed that administration of doxorubicin immobilized in the films had a stabilizing effect on the immunity status, the level of lipid peroxidation, the potency of the antioxidant system, cytolysis and cholestasis. Administration of the doxorubicin entrapped in the erythrocyte vehicles stimulated the body immune response, normalized the indices of the lipid peroxidation--antioxidant system and the state of the hepatic cells in the laboratory animals infected by staphylococci.

[Immunomodulating, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of immobilized dosage forms of rifampicin and cephalexin]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee, antioksidantnoe i gepatoprotektornoe deistvie immobilizovannykh form rifampitsina i tsefaleksina.

The aim of the study was to lower the immunosuppressory, prooxidant and hepatotoxic effects of rifampicin and cephalexin by their immobilization in erythrocyte vehicles. The experiments were performed on Wistar rats with the use of rifampicin, cephalexin and lysozyme (ZAO Ferane) and hemodes (6% aqueous saline solution of low molecular polyvinylpyrrolidone, mol. wt. 12600+/-2700). Rifampicin- and cephalexin-entrapped erythrocytes were prepared. Spectrophotometric procedures for quantitative assay of the immobilized antibiotics were developed. The impact of the solution concentration and incubation time on the level of the antibiotic entrapping was studied. The erythrocyte vehicles were shown to be able to entrap the antibiotics for 9 days and to preserve their stability for 24 hours. It was observed that the increase of the immunosuppressory, prooxidant and hepatotoxic effects of the antibiotics administered without the vehicles to the laboratory animals infected by staphylococci was dose-dependent. The use of the antibiotics entrapped in the erythrocyte vehicles stimulated the immune reactivity of the animals and normalized the indices of lipid peroxidation, the antioxidant system, cytolysis and cholestasis.

[The immunomodulating action of aminoglycoside antibiotics via different administration technics]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie aminoglikozidnykh antibiotikov pri razlichnykh tekhnologiiakh vvedeniia.

It was shown that intramuscular administration of aminoglycosides such as gentamicin and amikacin had an immunosuppressive action in healthy animals. Administration of the antibiotics entrapped in erythrocyte shades increased the immune response. The immunostimulating effect was higher when the aminoglycosides entrapped in allogenic erythrocytes were administered. After the routine administration of the antibiotics they were detected in the blood and urine within the first hours after the administration. After administration of the antibiotics entrapped in erythrocyte shades their detection was later in time. When the aminoglycosides entrapped in allogenic erythrocytes were administered they were not detected in the biological fluids.

[Immunomodulating action of antibiotics in health and in staphylococcal infection]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie antibiotikov v norme i pri infitsirovanii stafilokokkom.

Benzylpenicillin, streptomycin and gentamicin injected to the mice with Staphylococcus infection increased the immunosuppression induced by the staphylococci. The highest immunosuppressing action was induced by benzylpenicillin. Red blood cells of healthy and especially infected animals showed in case of the allogenic transfer marked immunosuppressing properties. Injection of syngenic red blood cells extracorporeally treated with the antibiotics stimulated the immune response to SRBC in the mice but did not influence the response induced by LPS of Salmonella typhi. The red blood cells incubated in the presence of gentamicin (5000 micrograms) for 1 hour had the most pronounced immunostimulating properties. Benzylpenicillin and streptomycin extracorporal treatment of the red blood cells of the animals infected with staphylococci did not induce immunomodulating properties in them whereas the incubation in the presence of gentamicin resulted in the development of slightly pronounced immunostimulating properties.

[Correction of the immunomodulating action of antibiotics in health and in staphylococcal infection]. / Korrektsiia immunomoduliruiushchego deistviia antibiotikov v norme i pri stafilokokkovoi infektsii.

Administration of tocopherol acetate and essentiale to healthy animals not treated with antibiotics had no effect on the immune response induced by SRBC or LPS of Salmonella typhi. Administration of tocopherol acetate to the mice treated with streptomycin or gentamicin increased the response only to SRBC. Essentialle stimulated the development of the T-dependent and T-independent immune response in the animals treated with benzylpenicillin, streptomycin or gentamicin. Benzylpenicillin and streptomycin increased the suppressing effect of the Staphylococcus infection. Gentamicin had no effect on the immune response to SRBC and LPS. Tocopherol acetate and lysozyme increased the immune response to SRBC. Terrilitin did not influence the immune response to SRBC and LPS. Essentiale stimulated the response to both the T-dependent and T-independent antigens.

[Extracorporeal immunostimulating effect of terrilytin and lysozyme in vibration injury]. / Ekstrakorporal'nyi immunostimuliruiushchii éffekt terrilitina i lizotsima pri vibratsionnom porazhenii.

In injection of allogeneic erythrocytes treated with terrilytin of lysozyme (LTE) the most marked effect was produced by LTE injection in vibration-exposed rats (VER). When the VER were given injections of various fractions (light, moderate, and heavy) of erythrocytes previously incubated with enzymes, the heavy LTE possessed a marked immunostimulating effect. However, the heavy erythrocyte fraction proved to cause a stronger effect when it was treated successively with terrilytin and lysozyme. It was established that injection of this fraction does not influence the production of immunosuppression factors, in VER, which are produced by splenic cells adhering to the plastic after the vibration action, but induced the production of the immunostimulating factor by VER cells which do not adhere to the plastic.