[E-cigarette use among cannabis users and multi-users of psychoactive products: A cohort study]. / L'usage d'e-cigarette chez les usagers de cannabis et les polyconsommateurs : étude de cohorte.

INTRODUCTION: There is no evidence in the literature relating to the evolution of e-cigarette use among cannabis users and multi-users (of alcohol, tobacco or cannabis). OBJECTIVE: To describe the evolution over 12 months of e-cigarette use in cannabis users and multi-users. METHODS: A prospective observational cohort study in general practice, between 2015 and 2016. RESULTS: A total of 4.8% of monitored cannabis users remained or became current users of e-cigarettes by the end of the monitoring period versus 4.5% among non-users of cannabis, with no statistically significant difference. A total of 5.1% of monitored multi-users remained or became current users of e-cigarettes by the end of the monitoring period versus 2.4% among the non-multi-users, with no statistically significant difference. Cannabis users and multi-users reported more e-cigarette experimentation through curiosity and following someone's suggestion, compared to non-cannabis users or non multi-users. No statistically significant association was found between cannabis or multi-drug use and staying or becoming a current e-cigarette user over 12 months. CONCLUSION: Cannabis users and multi-users would tend to experiment with e-cigarettes more than other patients but this use would not be sustained.

Prevalence and different characteristics of two serotypes of Streptococcus parauberis isolated from the farmed olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel), in Korea.

The prevalence of two serotypes of Streptococcus parauberis isolated from the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, was evaluated in a total of 29 isolates between 2003 and 2010 in Korea. Streptococcus parauberis isolates were divided into two serologically distinct types (serotype 1 and serotype 2), except for one strain (S1091), using an agglutination assay with rabbit antiserum, and serotype 1 was identified as the dominant type (24 of 29 isolates) in this study. To identify the characteristics of the two serotypes of S. parauberis, we conducted a biochemical test using the API 20 Strep kit, a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assay, sequence analysis of 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) and a pathogenicity test. In TEM, both serotypes possessed polysaccharide capsule layers around the cell surface when bacterial cells were treated with a homologous serotype of rabbit antiserum. However, we were unable to discriminate serotype-specific biochemical characteristics and genetic characteristics of 16S-23S rRNA ISR between the two serotypes. In the pathogenicity test, the serotype 1 strains induced significantly higher mortality than the serotype 2 strains in olive flounder when experimentally inoculated via the intraperitoneal route.