Comprehensive analysis of plasma miRNA and related ceRNA network in non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate.

BACKGROUND: Non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) is a common maxillofacial birth defect, and the etiology of which is complex and still unclear. Accumulating studies indicate that long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) and microRNAs(miRNAs) play important roles in NSCL/P. However, the potential regulatory associations remain largely unknown. In this study, we screened differentially expressed miRNAs and constructed competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks to lay a foundation for further research on the regulatory mechanism of ncRNAs in NSCL/P. METHODS: NSCL/P plasma RNA was analyzed by miRNA sequencing. The bioinformatics database, GEO and STRING database, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis and Cytoscape software were used to analyze and screen lncRNAs and mRNAs potentially related to differential miRNAs. The expression levels of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA in ceRNA network were detected by RT-qPCR. RESULTS: In NSCL/P plasma samples, there were 47 differentially expressed miRNAs in CPO group and 36 differentially expressed miRNAs in CL/P group. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that cell cycle, cell response to DNA damage stimulation, and the TGF-ßsignaling pathway were relevant to the formation of NSCL/P. The RT-qPCR results showed that the expression levels of lncRNA NEAT1, hsa-miR-130 b-3p, hsa-miR-212-3p, hsa-miR-200 b-3p and SMAD2 were different in NSCL/P. CONCLUSIONS: We found that differentially expressed miR-212-3p, miR-200 b-3p and miR-130 b-3p may be involved in the pathogenesis of cleft palate by regulating related target genes.

[To study the effect of oral mucosa cell transfected with IFN-gamma recover denuded hard palate to the growth of maxilla].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of oral mucosa cell transfected with IFN-gamma recover denuded hard palate to the growth of maxilla in rats. METHODS: Divide 3-week-age 80 female rats with left denuded hard palate into 4 groups randomly, depends on different methods recovered the denuded hard palate, granulation tissue growing itselves (I), transplanting amnion (II), transplanting oral mucous cell loaded by amnion (III), or oral mucous cell transfected with IFN-gamma (IV), 20 rats in one group. After 9 weeks, measure the width of left hard palate and the right, and analyse the width of hard palate by different methods. RESULTS: The antisymmetry rate of hard palate width of groups I, II, III and IV are (68.64 +/- 9.03)%, (58.53 +/- 7.40)%, (53.12 +/- 4.92)% and (52.25 +/- 4.61)%, statistical analysis through SNK of SPSS 11.0 show group I is different from groups II, III, IV (P < 0.05), group II is different from groups III, IV (P < 0.05), but group III is not different from group IV (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It has energetic significance to prevent maxillary secondary deformity with amnion and tissue-engineered oral mucosa recover denuded hard palate, the tissue-engineered oral mucosa is better than amnion, the tissue-engineered oral mucosa transfected with IFN-gamma is better than not transfected.

Effects of lip repair on maxillary growth and facial soft tissue development in patients with a complete unilateral cleft of lip, alveolus and palate.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between lip repair and inhibition of maxillary growth, and to investigate the characteristics of upper lip in patients with complete unilateral clefts of lip, alveolus and palate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Lateral cephalometric radiographs and photographs (anterior-posterior and profile) were taken for 3 groups of patients: (1) 35 complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate cases in whom only a labioplasty was performed as infants; (2) 47 cases who had both lip and palate repaired; and (3) 37 non-cleft peers as controls. RESULTS: There was maxillary retrusion in groups (1) and (2). Surface area and height of the upper lip was reduced in both these groups when compared with the normal controls. CONCLUSION: Lip repair is a most important factor in the restraint of maxillary growth in patients with complete unilateral clefts of lip, alveolus and palate. And height and projection of the upper lip are reduced following lip repair.

[Different histological changes of hard palates in rats with different areas of denudated bone].

PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between the histological changes of the denudated bone in the hard palate of rats and its sizes. METHODS: Sixteen three-week-old SD male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (a control group and 3 experimental groups). In the three experimental groups, one and two and three quarters of the bilateral palatal mucoperiosteum were excised respectively. One animal in each group was sacrificed every two weeks and the histological differences were observed. RESULTS: Different histological changes were found among the groups. When the denuded part was over half of the palate, tight connections between scar tissues and both the palatal bone and the periodontal fibers were observed. Many necrotic bone tissues appeared in the mid-palate if more than three quarters of areas were exposed. CONCLUSION: Different sizes of denuded bone may lead to different histological appearances. Structures and tissues change more when denuded part of the bone is larger.

[The influence to maxillary growth by exposed bone wound in hard palate of rat].

OBJECTIVE: To confirm if denuded bone on lateral aspects of the hard palate of surgical repairs of the cleft palate is the main reason of causing disturbance of facial growth and to investigate the mechanism. METHODS: 48 SD rats were employed in the study. Among them 40 animals were divided into normal control and experimental group randomly. Normal control was not operated. Hard palate mucoperiosteum on the left side in experimental group were excised. Left hard palate mucoperiosteum in another 8 female three-week-old SD rats were excised with same method and were sacrificed at 2nd, 5th, 8th, and 12th day, respectively. The 8 rats were used for histological research. RESULTS: The width of all left sides hard palates in experimental group was significantly narrower than right side, and demonstrated statistical difference. Chronic osteomyelitis on the denuded hard palate was observed. CONCLUSION: The denuded bone wound might be a principal factor for the following maxillary growth deformity in cleft palate patients who received palatoplasty in childhood. The mechanism of causing the deformity might be wound and scar contraction, decreased blood flow and nutrition plus chronic osteomyelitis.