General aspects of the production and management systems and their relationship with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection and occurrence of mastitis of white Morada Nova sheep herds in semi-arid region / Aspectos gerais do sistema de produção e manejo e sua relação com a infecção por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis e ocorrência de mastite de rebanhos da raça Morada Nova branca em região semiárida

This study aimed to characterize the production and management systems of white Morada Novasheep herds and to present data on the occurrence of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) and clinical mastitis (CM) in a population maintained in a semi-arid region. Blood samples were collected from adult females from herds of the Brazilian northeastern region. The first venous blood sample was used for a complete blood examination. The second blood sample was used to detect the presence of anti-C. pseudotuberculosis specific antibodies. The production and management systems of the herds were characterized using questionnaires, divided into three blocks of indicators: Facilities; Characterization of the production system; Health management. Body weight and hematological results were submitted to an analysis of variance, on which the fixed effect was clinical diagnosis, and the principal component analysis was performed to determine the main variables. For CLA, three herds stood out as having the highest rates of seropositivity (85.71, 79.41 and 60.45%). The same herds also had the highest occurrences of CM (9.30, 8.82 and 5.71%). The main variables that showed differences according the diagnosis of both diseases were blood granulocytes and lymphocytes. The study made it possible to observe the relationship between the best sanitary practices and the lowest occurrence rates of both CLA and CM. The diseases present considerable occurrence in sheep populations

Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os sistemas de produção e manejo de rebanhos de ovelhas Morada Nova da variedade branca e apresentar dados sobre a ocorrência de linfadenite caseosa (CLA) e mastite clínica (MC) em uma população mantida em região semiárida. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de fêmeas adultas de rebanhos da região nordeste do Brasil. A primeira amostra de sangue venoso foi utilizada para um exame de sangue completo. A segunda amostra de sangue foi utilizada para detectar a presença de anticorpos anti-C. anticorpos específicos de pseudotuberculosis. Os sistemas de produção e manejo dos rebanhos foram caracterizados por meio de questionários, divididos em três blocos de indicadores: Instalações; Caracterização do sistema de produção; Gestão de saúde do rebanho. O peso corporal e os resultados hematológicos foram submetidos a uma análise de variância, na qual o efeito fixo foi o diagnóstico clínico, e a análise de componentes principais foi realizada para determinar as variáveis principais. Para o CLA, três rebanhos se destacaram com os maiores índices de soropositividade (85,71, 79,41 e 60,45%). Os mesmos rebanhos também apresentaram as maiores ocorrências de MC (9,30, 8,82 e 5,71%). As principais variáveis que apresentaram diferenças de acordo com o diagnóstico de ambas as doenças foram granulócitos e linfócitos. O estudo possibilitou observar a relação entre as melhores práticas sanitárias e as menores taxas de ocorrência tanto de CLA quanto de MC. As doenças apresentam ocorrência considerável nas populações de ovinos

Seasonal variations in thermoregulatory patterns enable Morada Nova sheep to adapt to Brazilian semi-arid / A variação sazonal de características termorreguladoras permite a adaptação de ovelhas Morada Nova ao ambiente semiárido

The present study aimed evaluate possible modifications of thermoregulatory morphophysiological responses of Morada Nova sheep throughout the year in 4 properties of the nucleus of participatory genetic breeding. In the months of March, June, September and December, respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperatures (RT) and surface (ST) were recorded as well as the environmental variables air temperature (airT), relative humidity (RH) wind (Ws). Calculated the radiant heat load (RHL) and the Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI). The coat thickness was measured and hair samples were collected and determined hair density, hair length and hair diameter. Blood collection was collected for determination of T3 and total T4 concentrations. In the rainy season, which includes the months of March and June, higher values of RR and RT, probably due to the combination of high RH, associated to RHL, BGHI and airT were recorded, as these hamper loss and heat. All values of RT independent of month and flocks remained within values considered normal for the species. September and December are inserted in the dry season, with a low RH factor that can facilitate heat loss through evaporation. In these months, lower values of RT and RR were observed when compared to the rainy season, lower values of RR were recorded between 40 and 60 mov.min-1. The secretion of thyroid hormones was greater in the environmental conditions considered more comfortable. The homeothermia was maintained by Morada Nova sheep at different times evaluated as indicated by the normal physiological parameters. The rainy season was considered the most stressful for the animals, since they used a more intense set of variables in order to thermoregulate and maintain the homeothermia, which justifies the importance of providing shelters, with the objective of reducing the overheating, even in view of their great adaptive capacity, already demonstrated in previous studies...(AU)

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar possíveis modificações de respostas morfofisiológicas termorreguladoras de ovelhas da raça Morada Nova, ao longo do ano, em 4 propriedades do núcleo de melhoramento genético participativo. Nos meses de Março, Junho, Setembro e Dezembro foram registradas as frequências respiratórias (FR), temperaturas retais (TR) e de superfície (TS) assim como as variáveis ambientais temperatura do ar (Tar), umidade relativa (UR) e velocidade do vento (Vv). Calculada a carga térmica radiante (CTR) e o índice de temperatura de globo e umidade (ITGU). Foi medida a espessura da capa de pelame e amostras de pelo foram coletadas e determinadas a densidade numérica, o comprimento médio e o diâmetro médio. Coleta de sangue foi realizada a para a determinação das concentrações de T3 e T4 total. Na estação chuvosa que compreende os meses de Março e Junho, foram registrados maiores valores de FR e TR, provavelmente pela combinação de alta UR, associada a CTR, ITGU e Tar, pois estas dificultam a perda e calor. Todos os valores de TR independente de mês e rebanho mantiveram-se dentro de valores considerados normais para a espécie. Setembro e dezembro estão inseridos na estação seca, com baixa UR fator esse que pode facilitar as perdas de calor via evaporação. Nestes meses foram observados menores valores de TR e FR se comparados com o período chuvoso, foram registrados menores valores de FR entre 40 a 60 mov.min-1. A secreção dos hormônio tireoidianos foram maiores nas condições ambientais consideradas mais confortáveis. A homeotermia foi mantida pelos ovinos Morada Nova, nas diversas épocas avaliadas conforme indicado pelos parâmetros fisiológicos normais...(AU)

Seasonal variations in thermoregulatory patterns enable Morada Nova sheep to adapt to Brazilian semi-arid / A variação sazonal de características termorreguladoras permite a adaptação de ovelhas Morada Nova ao ambiente semiárido

The present study aimed evaluate possible modifications of thermoregulatory morphophysiological responses of Morada Nova sheep throughout the year in 4 properties of the nucleus of participatory genetic breeding. In the months of March, June, September and December, respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperatures (RT) and surface (ST) were recorded as well as the environmental variables air temperature (airT), relative humidity (RH) wind (Ws). Calculated the radiant heat load (RHL) and the Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI). The coat thickness was measured and hair samples were collected and determined hair density, hair length and hair diameter. Blood collection was collected for determination of T3 and total T4 concentrations. In the rainy season, which includes the months of March and June, higher values of RR and RT, probably due to the combination of high RH, associated to RHL, BGHI and airT were recorded, as these hamper loss and heat. All values of RT independent of month and flocks remained within values considered normal for the species. September and December are inserted in the dry season, with a low RH factor that can facilitate heat loss through evaporation. In these months, lower values of RT and RR were observed when compared to the rainy season, lower values of RR were recorded between 40 and 60 mov.min-1. The secretion of thyroid hormones was greater in the environmental conditions considered more comfortable. The homeothermia was maintained by Morada Nova sheep at different times evaluated as indicated by the normal physiological parameters. The rainy season was considered the most stressful for the animals, since they used a more intense set of variables in order to thermoregulate and maintain the homeothermia, which justifies the importance of providing shelters, with the objective of reducing the overheating, even in view of their great adaptive capacity, already demonstrated in previous studies...

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar possíveis modificações de respostas morfofisiológicas termorreguladoras de ovelhas da raça Morada Nova, ao longo do ano, em 4 propriedades do núcleo de melhoramento genético participativo. Nos meses de Março, Junho, Setembro e Dezembro foram registradas as frequências respiratórias (FR), temperaturas retais (TR) e de superfície (TS) assim como as variáveis ambientais temperatura do ar (Tar), umidade relativa (UR) e velocidade do vento (Vv). Calculada a carga térmica radiante (CTR) e o índice de temperatura de globo e umidade (ITGU). Foi medida a espessura da capa de pelame e amostras de pelo foram coletadas e determinadas a densidade numérica, o comprimento médio e o diâmetro médio. Coleta de sangue foi realizada a para a determinação das concentrações de T3 e T4 total. Na estação chuvosa que compreende os meses de Março e Junho, foram registrados maiores valores de FR e TR, provavelmente pela combinação de alta UR, associada a CTR, ITGU e Tar, pois estas dificultam a perda e calor. Todos os valores de TR independente de mês e rebanho mantiveram-se dentro de valores considerados normais para a espécie. Setembro e dezembro estão inseridos na estação seca, com baixa UR fator esse que pode facilitar as perdas de calor via evaporação. Nestes meses foram observados menores valores de TR e FR se comparados com o período chuvoso, foram registrados menores valores de FR entre 40 a 60 mov.min-1. A secreção dos hormônio tireoidianos foram maiores nas condições ambientais consideradas mais confortáveis. A homeotermia foi mantida pelos ovinos Morada Nova, nas diversas épocas avaliadas conforme indicado pelos parâmetros fisiológicos normais...

Detecting estrus in Canindé goats by two infrared thermography methods

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis of estrous in Canindé goats used infrared thermographic images. The Canindé goats used in experiment, belong to Production Center of Small Ruminants. The goats were subjected to estrus induction and monitored with regard to their behavior and blood levels of hormones. Temperature measurements were continuous during estrous signs and even disappearance of behavioral characteristics. Were evaluated different areas in females: vulva, perivulvar, dorse and venter regions, delimited by a quadrant that allowed the specification of assessed region. In addition to specific behavior of estrus in ruminants were observed in vulvar region perivulvar signals swelling and redness and parallel identified the temperature rise of region by thermographic images. Were observed in vulvar region perivulvar signals swelling and redness and parallel identified the temperature rise of that region by thermographic images in goats in estrus. There was a significant effect for all temperatures of the regions evaluated for the thermographic images and infrared thermometer, except for the temperature of the vulvar region. The temperatures measured using the thermographic camera submitted a difference in the data set, allowing measurements observed higher temperatures compared with the temperatures measured with an infrared thermometer. So, due the precision and speed of the method the thermographic images used for detecting estrus is applicable and important. In animal production, thermography has seen used in detection of metabolic disorders, diseases and infections. In addiction, is usedin understanding thermoregulation due to chenges in temperature and the impact of environmental conditions.(AU)

Detecting estrus in Canindé goats by two infrared thermography methods

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis of estrous in Canindé goats used infrared thermographic images. The Canindé goats used in experiment, belong to Production Center of Small Ruminants. The goats were subjected to estrus induction and monitored with regard to their behavior and blood levels of hormones. Temperature measurements were continuous during estrous signs and even disappearance of behavioral characteristics. Were evaluated different areas in females: vulva, perivulvar, dorse and venter regions, delimited by a quadrant that allowed the specification of assessed region. In addition to specific behavior of estrus in ruminants were observed in vulvar region perivulvar signals swelling and redness and parallel identified the temperature rise of region by thermographic images. Were observed in vulvar region perivulvar signals swelling and redness and parallel identified the temperature rise of that region by thermographic images in goats in estrus. There was a significant effect for all temperatures of the regions evaluated for the thermographic images and infrared thermometer, except for the temperature of the vulvar region. The temperatures measured using the thermographic camera submitted a difference in the data set, allowing measurements observed higher temperatures compared with the temperatures measured with an infrared thermometer. So, due the precision and speed of the method the thermographic images used for detecting estrus is applicable and important. In animal production, thermography has seen used in detection of metabolic disorders, diseases and infections. In addiction, is usedin understanding thermoregulation due to chenges in temperature and the impact of environmental conditions.

Modeling the maternal effect and estimation of genetic parameters for body weights of Anglo Nubian goats / Modelagem do efeito materno e estimativa de parâmetros genéticos para pesos corporais de caprinos Anglo Nubiano

The aim of the study were to determine the most appropriate model, and to estimate genetic parameters of birth weight to the 196 day-old Anglo-Nubian breed goat. Genetic parameters were estimated by REML procedure using WOMBAT program. Twelve different animal models were fitted by including or excluding maternal genetic effect, maternal permanent environmental effect, maternal temporary environmental effect and covariance between direct-maternal genetic effects. On the basis of Bayesian information criterion results, model II, which included direct genetic and maternal temporary environmental effects, was determined to be the most appropriate model for both traits. The maternal temporary environmental effect was the most important source of variation for both traits. This effect contributed about 33% at 44% to the phenotypic variance for weight analized. These results indicate that selecting for improved maternal and/or direct effects in Anglo-nubian goats would generate genetic progress in growth traits.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar o modelo mais adequado, bem como estimar os parâmetros genéticos do peso ao nascimento até os 196 dias de idade de caprinos da raça Anglo-nubiana. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML), utilizando o programa WOMBAT. Doze diferentes modelos animais foram ajustados por meio da inclusão ou exclusão do efeito genético materno, ambiente permanente materno, ambiente temporário materno e a covariância genética entre os efeitos direto e materno. Com base no critério de informação Bayesiano de Schwarz (BIC), o modelo II, que incluiu os efeitos genético direto e de ambiente temporário da mãe, foi o mais apropriado para todas as características. O efeito de ambiente temporário materno foi a mais importante fonte de variação. Este efeito contribuiu com 33% a 44% da variação fenotípica de acordo com o peso analisado. Estes resultados indicam que a seleção para efeitos direto e/ou materno em caprinos da raça Anglo-nubiana podem gerar progresso genético em características de crescimento.

Modeling the maternal effect and estimation of genetic parameters for body weights of Anglo Nubian goats / Modelagem do efeito materno e estimativa de parâmetros genéticos para pesos corporais de caprinos Anglo Nubiano

The aim of the study were to determine the most appropriate model, and to estimate genetic parameters of birth weight to the 196 day-old Anglo-Nubian breed goat. Genetic parameters were estimated by REML procedure using WOMBAT program. Twelve different animal models were fitted by including or excluding maternal genetic effect, maternal permanent environmental effect, maternal temporary environmental effect and covariance between direct-maternal genetic effects. On the basis of Bayesian information criterion results, model II, which included direct genetic and maternal temporary environmental effects, was determined to be the most appropriate model for both traits. The maternal temporary environmental effect was the most important source of variation for both traits. This effect contributed about 33% at 44% to the phenotypic variance for weight analized. These results indicate that selecting for improved maternal and/or direct effects in Anglo-nubian goats would generate genetic progress in growth traits.(AU)

Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar o modelo mais adequado, bem como estimar os parâmetros genéticos do peso ao nascimento até os 196 dias de idade de caprinos da raça Anglo-nubiana. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML), utilizando o programa WOMBAT. Doze diferentes modelos animais foram ajustados por meio da inclusão ou exclusão do efeito genético materno, ambiente permanente materno, ambiente temporário materno e a covariância genética entre os efeitos direto e materno. Com base no critério de informação Bayesiano de Schwarz (BIC), o modelo II, que incluiu os efeitos genético direto e de ambiente temporário da mãe, foi o mais apropriado para todas as características. O efeito de ambiente temporário materno foi a mais importante fonte de variação. Este efeito contribuiu com 33% a 44% da variação fenotípica de acordo com o peso analisado. Estes resultados indicam que a seleção para efeitos direto e/ou materno em caprinos da raça Anglo-nubiana podem gerar progresso genético em características de crescimento.(AU)