The SPORTS Participation Framework: illuminating the pathway for people with disability to enter into, participate in, and excel at sport.

BACKGROUND: Sports participation for people with disabilities exists at the intersection of health, sport, and education sectors. However, no common framework and language exist to describe the stages of sports participation. OBJECTIVE: To present the background to the SPORTS Participation Framework, and how it can be used to illuminate the path that people with disability may travel to enter into, participate in, and enjoy and excel at all levels of sport. METHOD: The SPORTS Participation Framework includes six stages drawn from mainstream sports pathways and models used to classify barriers to sports participation for people with disabilities: (S) Screening, goal setting and individual preparation, (P) Practitioner led, peer-group sports interventions, (O) Organised junior entry-point sports programs, (R) Recreational sport (non-competitive), (T) Team competition (school/club representation), and (S) State, National, and International competition. RESULTS: For each stage, this paper describes the content of sports activities, the context in which they are performed, key stakeholders, barriers to participation, available evidence, and case studies. CONCLUSIONS: The SPORTS Participation Framework presents a structure to navigate the stages of introducing and promoting lifelong sports participation for people with disabilities. It scaffolds clear communication, governance, and policy across health, sport, and education sectors, and supports clinicians and researchers to address barriers to participation at each stage to improve individual and population-wide participation in sport for people with disabilities.

Intervenções de esportes modificados para crianças e adolescentes com deficiência: Uma revisão de escopo.

As intervenções de esportes modificados visam o desempenho de habilidades relacionadas ao esporte e visam alcançar a participação em atividades físicas e funções corporais Essas intervenções incluíram treinamento de habilidades motoras relacionadas ao esporte em grupo e introdução ao esporte em ambientes do mundo real Eles são oferecidos principalmente para crianças ambulantes com transtorno do espectro do autismo e paralisia cerebral A maioria dos estudos de intervenção de esportes modificados apresentou nível de evidência moderado Resumo gráfico: Intervenções de esportes modificados para crianças e adolescentes com deficiência: Uma revisão de escopo. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dmcn.15952.

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer o escopo da literatura sobre intervenção de esportes modificados para crianças e adolescentes com deficiência. MÉTODOS: Para esta revisão de escopo, os artigos foram selecionados e as características dos estudos foram extraídas. As intervenções de esportes modificados foram descritas quanto à sua estrutura, utilizando os itens do Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR). Os componentes do tratamento foram descritos usando a linguagem do Sistema de Especificação de Tratamento de Reabilitação. Os resultados foram analisados e validados por um grupo de profissionais, utilizando a estratégia de Envolvimento do Público e do Paciente. RESULTADOS: Doze estudos foram elegíveis para inclusão, investigando intervenções para crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo, paralisia cerebral e outras condições. A maioria dos estudos apresentou nível de evidência moderado. Os ingredientes ativos foram o treino motor repetido relacionado com o esporte e a introdução à prática esportiva através do mecanismo de "aprendizagem pela ação". O alvo da intervenção foi a capacidade de execução das habilidades motoras grossas, e os objetivos da intervenção (resultados indiretos) foram a participação em atividades físicas e diferentes funções corporais. INTERPRETAÇÃO: As principais características e estrutura da intervenção, lacunas de pesquisa e um passo­a­passo para implementação clínica foram apresentados para melhorar sua compreensão. São necessárias investigações futuras sobre a eficácia das intervenções de esportes modificados com estudos de melhor qualidade, incluindo resultados de participação, e estudos com crianças não deambulantes. O QUE ESTE ARTIGO ACRESCENTA: As intervenções de esportes modificados visam o desempenho de habilidades relacionadas ao esporte e visam alcançar a participação em atividades físicas e funções corporais Essas intervenções incluíram treinamento de habilidades motoras relacionadas ao esporte em grupo e introdução ao esporte em ambientes do mundo real Eles são oferecidos principalmente para crianças ambulantes com transtorno do espectro do autismo e paralisia cerebral A maioria dos estudos de intervenção de esportes modificados apresentou nível de evidência moderado.

Modified sports interventions for children and adolescents with disabilities: A scoping review.

AIM: To establish the scope of the literature on modified sports interventions for children and adolescents with disabilities. METHOD: For this scoping review, articles were screened and the characteristics of studies were extracted. The modified sports interventions were described in terms of their structure, using the items of the Template for Intervention Description and Replication. Components of intervention treatment were described by using the language of the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System. Results were analysed and validated by a group of professionals, using the Public and Patient Involvement strategy. RESULTS: Twelve studies were eligible for inclusion, investigating interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and other conditions. Most studies presented a moderate level of evidence. Active ingredients were repeated sports-related motor training and introduction to the sport through a 'learning by action' mechanism. The intervention target was gross motor skills performance, and intervention aims (indirect outcomes) were physical activity participation and different body functions. INTERPRETATION: The inclusion of stakeholders in this review helped to validate our findings about the characteristics and structure of modified sports interventions, to identify research gaps, and to provide a step process for clinical implementation. Future investigations are warranted of the effectiveness of modified sports investigations with better quality studies, including participation outcomes and studies with non-ambulant children. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Modified sports interventions target sport-related skills performance and aim to achieve physical activity participation and body functions. These interventions included group-based, sports-related motor skills training and introduction to sports in real-world environments. They are offered mostly for ambulant children with autism spectrum disorder and cerebral palsy. Most studies of modified sports interventions presented moderate level of evidence.

Analysis of the Brazilian-Portuguese Content on Autism Spectrum Disorder Available on YouTube Videos.

AIMS: Information about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is available in different videos on YouTube. However, these videos might present inaccurate or outdated information. The aims of this study were to 1) identify characteristics of Brazilian-Portuguese videos about ASD (i.e., type of content, number of views, likes, and dislikes); 2) analyze the content of informative videos about ASD, by assessing their trustworthiness and overall quality; and 3) investigate the most popular topics of informative videos about ASD over time. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that investigated Brazilian-Portuguese ASD content on YouTube. Videos were selected by two examiners and categorized as experiential or informative. The Discern checklist and the Global Quality Score (GQS) were used to analyze the trustworthiness and quality of informative videos. RESULTS: In total, 216 videos were analyzed, of which 19.5% and 85% were classified as experiential and informative, respectively. The majority of informative videos presented moderate trustworthiness and quality. Videos about ASD clinical aspects were the most popular. CONCLUSION: YouTube offers a large number of experiential and informative videos on ASD. However, some of these videos fail to present reliable and additional sources of information for stakeholders. Efforts to promote knowledge translation about ASD on YouTube are necessary.

Percepções dos pais sobre uma intervenção de esportes modificados para crianças com paralisia cerebral.

OBJETIVO: Explorar as percepções dos pais de crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC) sobre uma intervenção de esportes modificados, intitulada Sports Stars Brasil. MÉTODOS: Pais de crianças (n = 15, com idades de 6 a 12 anos) com PC, classificadas nos níveis I e II do GMFCS, que participaram do Sports Stars Brasil, foram recrutados para este estudo qualitativo descritivo. As crianças receberam uma intervenção de esportes modificados de oito semanas (1 hora por semana). Após a intervenção, os pais participaram de um grupo focal. A interpretação das "minhas palavras favoritas" (saúde, família, diversão, funcionalidade, amigos e futuro) da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde foi usada para orientar a os grupos focais. As transcrições foram codificadas usando a metodologia de análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Os pais relataram experiências positivas com o Sports Stars Brasil, incluindo a redução do sedentarismo ("Saúde"), melhora das habilidades motoras ("Funcionalidade"), maior conexão entre a criança e a família ("Família"), melhor socialização ("Amigos"), aumento na participação em atividades prazerosas ("Diversão") e conscientização sobre a importância da atividade física ("Futuro"). Todas as experiências positivas estavam interconectadas. INTERPRETAÇÃO: A capacidade do Sports Stars de integrar todos os aspectos do funcionalidade apoia seu papel como uma opção de intervenção promissora para crianças com PC deambulantes.

Practitioner-led, peer-group sports intervention combined with a context-focused intervention for children with cerebral palsy: a protocol of a feasibility randomised clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: There is a need to investigate relevant, acceptable and feasible approaches that promote participation in leisure-time physical activity for children with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial comparing a peer-group intervention focused on improving physical literacy (Sports Stars) with the combination of Sports Stars and a context-focused intervention (Pathways and Resources for Engagement and Participation, PREP) for ambulant children with CP in Brazil. METHODS: In this feasibility trial, 18 ambulant children (aged 6-12 years) with CP will be randomised into two groups (nine per group): (1) Sports Stars and (2) Sports Stars plus PREP. The Sports Stars group will receive 8 weekly group sessions, focusing on developing the physical, social, cognitive and psychological skills required to participate in popular Brazilian sports. The combined Sports Stars and PREP group will receive Sports Stars in addition to eight individual PREP sessions focused on overcoming environmental barriers to participation. The primary outcome will include feasibility measures: willingness to participate in an RCT, eligibility and recruitment rates, maintenance of evaluator blinding, acceptability of screening procedures and random allocation, feasibility of evaluating outcomes, contamination between the groups, intervention adherence, treatment satisfaction, understanding of the intervention and implementation resources. Additional instruments will be applied to obtain data related to leisure-time physical activity participation goals, overall participation (home, school and community), physical literacy, level of physical activity and family empowerment. Outcomes will be assessed before, after and 12 weeks after intervention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This feasibility trial has been approved by ethical Federal University of Minas Gerais' Ethics Review Committee (CAAE: 33238520.5.0000.5149). All potential subjects will provide written informed consent. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and be presented at academic conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS: RBR-4m3b4b6, U1111-1256-4998.

Measuring subjective aspects of participation in adults with disabilities: A systematic review of the coverage, content validity and internal structure of standardised instruments.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence on the coverage, content validity and internal structure of self-report measures capturing subjective aspects of participation for adults with disabilities. DATA SOURCES: EMBASE, MEDLINE and reference lists were searched until July 10th, 2022 for articles on measurement properties of instruments measuring participation as defined in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, from a subjective perspective. METHOD: Each instrument was assessed for its coverage of subjective aspects of participation. The Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments were used to assess the quality of each study. Content validity and internal structure (structural validity, internal consistency and cross-cultural validity) were rated against published standards and qualified by the adapted Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. RESULTS: Thirty-eight studies regarding 10 instruments were analysed. Most instruments mix activity and participation items. Only the Measure of Experiential Aspects of Participation (with high-quality evidence of sufficient structural validity and generally sufficient internal consistency), the Participation Enfranchisement and the Community Integration Measure showed adequate coverage. For all instruments, evidence of content validity is of low- to very low quality. There is high-quality evidence that the Participation Scale is not unidimensional. CONCLUSION: In general, the coverage and the evidence for content validity and internal structure of measures capturing experiential aspects of participation are limited. The Measure of Experiential Aspects of Participation has the best level of evidence in support of its use. The score of the Participation Scale cannot be considered an adequate reflection of participation.

Moving together is better: a systematic review with meta-analysis of sports-focused interventions aiming to improve physical activity participation in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.

PURPOSE: To analyze the effectiveness of sports-focused interventions on the participation of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: Study searches were conducted on EMBASE, PubMed, Scielo, PEDro, CINAHL, SPORTDiscuss in June 2022. We included randomized controlled trials that investigated the effectiveness of sports-focused interventions in children and adolescents with CP in comparison with control. Risk of bias was assessed with PEDro scale and evidence certainty with GRADE approach. Data were pooled in random-effects meta-analyses and results were presented as standardized mean differences. RESULTS: Ten RCTs were selected with different modalities, mostly for ambulant children and adolescents. Significant pooled effects on participation in leisure-time physical activity were seen only in group interventions (modified sports, gross motor training, and fitness training), in comparison with control [SMD(95% CI) = 0.32(0.01-0.73) p = 0.04]. No pooled effects were seen in participation in other life areas in comparison with control (p > 0.05). Current certainty of evidence of all sports-focused interventions included was moderate due to imprecision. CONCLUSION: Positive results on leisure-time participation were seen at short-term follow-up for group interventions. Sports-focused interventions did not improve participation in other life areas, reinforcing the importance of specificity when conducting participation interventions. Studies investigating sports-focused interventions including non-ambulatory individuals are still necessary. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONSports-focused interventions target leisure-time physical activity participation.They present moderate evidence of their effectiveness to improve physical activity participation in individuals with cerebral palsy.Group interventions are effective in improving leisure-time physical activity participation.Sports-focused interventions did not improve participation in other life areas.

Measurement Properties and Translation to Brazilian-Portuguese of the Challenge for Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy.

Aims: Translate the Challenge assessment into Brazilian-Portuguese, determine its face validity, evaluate the reliability of the total score and score per item, investigate whether the child's gross motor level (classified by the Gross Motor Function Classification System-GMFCS) influences the reliability levels, and estimate responsiveness to change.Methods: The translation followed four stages: translation, synthesis, back-translation, and review. For face validity, ten physical therapists evaluated item relevance. Children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (n = 50, 5-18 years of age) GMFCS I and II were evaluated by two therapists for inter and intra-rater reliability. Thirty of these participants were recruited for the instrument's responsiveness evaluation and reassessed (n = 28) after three months of treatment. Minimal Detectable Change (MDC), and Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) were estimated.Results: The back-translated version was similar to the English version. All test items were considered relevant by the physical therapists. Total score intra and inter-rater reliability were excellent for both GMFCS levels (ICC = 0.94-0.99). Items' intra- and inter- rater reliability varied from low to almost perfect (kw=-0.14-0.94). MDC90 and MDC95 values were 3.90-6.35 and 4.63-7.54, respectively. MCID values were 3.57-4.56.Conclusion: The translated version of the Challenge showed excellent face validity and reliability and was able to document longitudinal change.

Effects of kinesiology taping in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review / Os efeitos do Kinesiotaping em crianças com Paralisia Cerebral: Uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Introduction: Cerebral Palsy is a group of non-progressive movement and posture disorders. There are many rehabilitation methods for children and adolescents with these disorders. Kinesiology Taping(KT) is becoming a popular as an option of rehabilitation method for these children. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to summarize evidence regarding the methods of Kinesiology Taping use in children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy and its effects. Materials: A search of scientific papers in the databases Medline, Scielo and PEDro was conducted with no data or language restriction. For this search the keywords "Kinesio taping", "Kinesiology Taping", "Taping", and "Bandages" combined with "Cerebral Palsy" were used. The search was conducted between May of 2015 and November of 2016. Results: Eleven studies were included in the review, six were randomized controlled clinical trials, four were quasi-experimental studies, and one was a case study. In general, the studies followed the guidelines proposed by the Kinesiology Taping creator; they used corrective techniques and muscle contraction facilitation/inhibition techniques. Results varied according to techniques used and outcomes chosen. Conclusion: There is strong to insufficient evidence of KT effects in motor function related outcomes. Stronger quality level studies are necessary to support use of KT in clinical practice.

Resumo Introdução: A Paralisia Cerebral é definida como um grupo de distúrbios não progressivos de movimento e de postura. Existem diferentes métodos de reabilitação para crianças e adolescentes com Paralisia Cerebral. Dentre eles, o uso do Kinesio Taping vem se tornando comum. Objetivo: O objetivo da presente revisão sistemática é sumarizar evidências relativas a métodos de aplicação do Kinesio Taping e seus efeitos em crianças e adolescentes com Paralisia Cerebral. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca da literatura científica nas bases de dados Medline, Scielo e PEDro sem restrição de idioma. Para esta pesquisa foram utilizadas as palavras-chave "Kinesio taping", "Kinesiology Taping", "Taping" e "Bandages" combinadas à "Cerebral Palsy". A busca aconteceu entre Maio de 2015 a Novembro de 2016. Resultados: Foram selecionados onze estudos, sendo seis ensaios clínicos controlados e aleatorizados, quatro ensaios clínicos não controlados e um estudo de caso. Os estudos no geral seguem os modelos de aplicação do taping propostos pelo criador da técnica, utilizando técnicas corretivas e técnicas de facilitação/inibição da contração muscular. Há pobre evidência de efeitos e estes variam com os métodos de aplicação utilizados e os desfechos escolhidos. Conclusão: Há evidência forte a insuficiente quanto aos efeitos do KT desfechos relacionados às funções motoras. São necessários estudos com maior qualidade metodológica para justificar o uso do KT na prática clínica.