Parents' Perception of Barriers to the Comprehensive Management of Children With Cleft Lip and Palate in Bogota, Colombia.

OBJECT: To identify the perception of barriers to the comprehensive management of cleft lip and palate (CLP) by parents/caregivers of Colombian children with this condition. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Fifty parents/caregivers of children with CLP under 12 years attending a center specialized in the management of craniofacial congenital conditions in Bogota, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study consisted of 2 phases: a quantitative phase (descriptive cross-sectional) and a qualitative phase (focus group [FG]). Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to analyze the association variables. The barriers and alternative ways to overcome barriers were analyzed in the FG. RESULTS: Comprehensive management was mostly defined as access to multiple treatments (54%), and this concept was expanded in the FG toward understanding CLP at all levels. Monoparental families spend their income on treatments (29%) than nuclear families (0%) (P = .001). All parents with high education levels were familiar with healthcare centers specialized in CLP as opposed to 66.7% of parents with basic primary education (P < .05). Regarding the timeliness of appointments, 12.2% of parents earning between 1 and 2 minimum wages reported some kind of difficulty, whereas those earning less than one minimum wage reported difficulties in 66.7% of cases (P = .046). CONCLUSIONS: All participants reported barriers, which increased or decreased depending on their socioeconomic status. The FG allowed the discussion of alternatives to overcome barriers, such as structural, solidarity, and self-management actions.

Posts Supporting Anti-Environmental Policy in Brazil are Shared More on Social Media.

Weakening environmental laws supported by disinformation are currently of concern in Brazil. An example of disinformation is the case of the "firefighter cattle". Supporters of this idea believe that by consuming organic mass, cattle decrease the risk of fire in natural ecosystems. This statement was cited by a member of the Bolsonaro government in response to the unprecedented 2020 fires in the Pantanal, as well as in support of a new law that enables extensive livestock in protected areas of this biome. By suggesting that grazing benefits the ecosystem, the "firefighter cattle" argument supports the interests of agribusiness. However, it ignores the real costs of livestock production on biodiversity. We analysed the social repercussion of the "firefighter cattle" by analysing public reactions to YouTube, Facebook, and Google News posts. These videos and articles and the responses to them either agreed or disagreed with the "firefighter cattle". Supportive posts were shared more on social media and triggered more interactions than critical posts. Even though many netizens disagreed with the idea of "firefighter cattle", it has gone viral, and was used as a tool to strengthen anti-environmental policies. We advocate that government institutions should use resources and guidelines provided by the scientific community to raise awareness. These materials include international reports produced by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). We need to curb pseudoscience and misinformation in political discourse, avoiding misconceptions that threaten natural resources and confuse global society.

Estratégias de coping e motivação de praticantes de corrida de rua / Estrategias de afrontamiento y motivación de los corredores callejeros / Coping strategies and motivation of street runners

O objetivo do estufo foi analisar as estratégias de coping e a motivação de prati-cantes de corrida de rua do município de Maringá ­ PR. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, cuja mostra foi composta por 55 praticantes de corrida de rua, de ambos os sexos, com idade mínima de 20 anos de idade. Como instrumentos foram utilizados uma ficha de identificação, o Exercise Motivation Inventory (EMI-2) e o Inventário de Estratégias de Coping (IEC). A análise dos dados foi feita através de estatística descritiva e inferencial (p<0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram que os homens apresentaram um perfil mais competidor em relação às mulheres (p=0,019), além de utilizarem as estratégias rendimento máximo sob pressão (p=0,017), concentração (p=0,030) e confiança e moti-vação (p=0,021). Os indivíduos com maior tempo de prática utilizam mais da estratégia concentração (p=0,020). Os que treinavam até três vezes na semana se motivavam mais pela reabilitação da saúde. A estratégia de formulação de objetivos foi o domínio que mais obteve correlações com a motivação (p<0,05). Conclui-se que existem inúmeros motivos para a prática dos corredores de rua, assim como as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas.

The purpose of the study was to analyze coping strategies and motivation of street runners in the city of Maringá ­ PR. This is a cross-sectional study, in which the sample consisted of 55 street runners, from both sexes, with a minimum age of 20 years old. As instruments, an identification form, the Exercise Motivation Inventory (EMI-2) and the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) were used. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics (p<0.05). The results have evinced that men had a more competitive profile than women (p=0.019), also using the following strategies: maximum performance under pressure (p=0.017), concentration (p=0.030) and confi-dence and motivation (p=0.021). Individuals with longer practice time use the concentration strategy more often (p=0.020). Individuals who used to train up to three times a week were more motivated by health rehabilitation. The strategy of formulating objectives was the domain that most correlated with motivation (p<0.05). It is concluded that there are numerous reasons for the practice of street runners, as well as the coping strategies they use.

El propósito del estudio fue analizar las estrategias de afrontamiento y la motivación de los corredores callejeros en la ciudad de Maringá - PR. Se trata de un estudio transversal, en el que la muestra estuvo compuesta por 55 corredores callejeros, de ambos los sexos, con una edad mínima de 20 años. Como instrumentos se utilizó un formulario de identificación, el Inventario de Motivación para el Ejercicio (EMI-2) y el Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (IEC). El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial (p <0,05). Los resultados mostraron que los hombres tenían un perfil más competitivo que las mujeres (p = 0,019), además de utilizar las estrategias rendimiento máximo bajo presión (p = 0,017), concentración (p = 0,030) y confianza y motivación (p = 0,021). Las personas con mayor tiempo de práctica utilizan más la estrategia de concentración (p = 0.020). Los que entrenaron hasta tres veces por semana estaban más motivados por la rehabilitación de la salud. La estrategia de formulación de objetivos fue el dominio que más se correlacionó con la motivación (p <0,05). Se concluye que existen numerosas razones para la práctica de los corredores callejeros, así como las estrategias de afrontamiento empleadas.

Realizing the right to health in Brazil's Unified Health System through the lens of breast and cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND: Health is recognized as a fundamental right in Brazil's constitution. In the absence of a clearly defined benefit packages of healthcare services that are financed under the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS), courts have become important in adjudicating coverage decisions. Empirical assessments of equity and the right to health tend to focus on simple measures of access. However, these empirical perspectives belie the significant inequalities and rights violations that arise in the case of more complex health needs such as cancer. To shed light on these issues, this paper focuses on the care pathways for breast and cervical cancer and explores access and quality issues that arise at different points along the care pathway with implications for the realization of the right to health in Brazil. METHOD: A mixed method approach is used. The analysis is primarily based on a quantitative analysis of national representative administrative data principally from the cervical and breast cancer information systems and the hospital cancer registry. To gain more insights into the organization of cancer care, qualitative data was collected from the state of Bahia, through document analysis, direct observation, roundtable discussions with health workers (HWs), and structured interviews with health care administrators. RESULTS: The paper reveals that the volume of completed screening exams is well below the estimated need, and a tendency toward lower breast cancer screening rates in poorer states and for women in the lowest income brackets. Only 26% of breast cancer cases and 29% of cervical cancer cases are diagnosed at an early stage (stage 0 or I), thereby reducing the survival prospects of patients. Waiting times between confirmed diagnosis and treatment are long, despite new legislation that guarantees a maximum of 60 days. The waiting times are significantly longer for patients that follow the recommended patient pathways, and who are diagnosed outside the hospital. CONCLUSION: The study reveals that there are large variations between states and patients, where the poorest states and patients fare worse on key indicators. More broadly, the paper shows the importance of collecting data both on patient characteristics and health system performance and carry out detailed health system analysis for exposing, empirically, rights violations and for identifying how they can be addressed.

Technological quality of grains of common beans selected genotypes from the carioca group / Qualidade tecnológica de grãos de genótipos selecionados de feijão-comum do grupo carioca

Common bean variety improvement programs focus on productivity increase as their main goal. However, some characteristics related to technological quality must also be analyzed in order to assure that new recommended cultivars satisfy key commercial standards, related to consumer acceptance. This study evaluated the technological quality of seeds from different carioca bean genotypes. We tested seeds from 25 bean genotypes, selected by the State Consortium for Research on Common Bean Improvement (including EMBRAPA, UFLA, UFV and EPAMIG) for the VCU assay of the carioca variety, including 21 new lines and 4 commercial cultivars, used as controls. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. We assessed the following traits: seed shape, seed constriction, 1000-seed weight, percentage of hard seeds, soluble solids content, cooking time, seed coat percentage, and hydration capacity. According to our results, the cultivars that met the commercial standards for seed shape and constriction were EMB14, CNFC 10432, CNFC 10408, EMB4, P-18163, Pérola and BRSMG Madrepérola. Genotypes MAIV-18259, VC-20, VC-23, RCII-219, CVIII-2, EMB4, MAIV-15204, CVIII-5, and BRSMG Majestoso had 1000-seed weight within carioca bean commercial standards (a minimum of 23g per 100 seeds). Most genotypes had no hard seeds. Lines CNFC 10408, MAIV-18259 and P-18163

O aumento de produtividade é o principal objetivo dos programas de melhoramento de feijão-comum. Contudo, algumas características relacionadas à qualidade tecnológica devem ser analisadas para assegurar que a recomendação de novas cultivares considere também aspectos comerciais importantes para a aceitação do consumidor. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade tecnológica de grãos de genótipos de feijão-comum do grupo comercial carioca. Foram utilizados grãos de 25 genótipos selecionados pelo convênio Estadual de pesquisa em melhoramento de feijão-comum (EMBRAPA, UFLA, UFV e EPAMIG) para compor o ensaio de VCU do grupo comercial carioca, sendo 21 novas linhagens e 4 cultivares comerciais usadas como testemunha. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As características avaliadas foram à forma e o grau de achatamento dos grãos, a massa de mil grãos, a porcentagem de grãos duros, o teor de sólidos solúveis, o tempo de cocção, a porcentagem de casca e a capacidade de hidratação. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os genótipos que apresentam forma e grau de achatamento de acordo com o padrão comercial são EMB14, CNFC 10432, CNFC 10408, EMB4, P-18163, Pérola e BRSMG Madrepérola. Os genótipos MAIV-18259, VC-20, VC-23, RCII-219, CVIII-2, EMB4, MAIV-15204, CVIII-5, e BRSMG Majestoso apresentam massa de mil grã

Technological quality of grains of common beans selected genotypes from the carioca group / Qualidade tecnológica de grãos de genótipos selecionados de feijão-comum do grupo carioca

Common bean variety improvement programs focus on productivity increase as their main goal. However, some characteristics related to technological quality must also be analyzed in order to assure that new recommended cultivars satisfy key commercial standards, related to consumer acceptance. This study evaluated the technological quality of seeds from different carioca bean genotypes. We tested seeds from 25 bean genotypes, selected by the State Consortium for Research on Common Bean Improvement (including EMBRAPA, UFLA, UFV and EPAMIG) for the VCU assay of the carioca variety, including 21 new lines and 4 commercial cultivars, used as controls. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. We assessed the following traits: seed shape, seed constriction, 1000-seed weight, percentage of hard seeds, soluble solids content, cooking time, seed coat percentage, and hydration capacity. According to our results, the cultivars that met the commercial standards for seed shape and constriction were EMB14, CNFC 10432, CNFC 10408, EMB4, P-18163, Pérola and BRSMG Madrepérola. Genotypes MAIV-18259, VC-20, VC-23, RCII-219, CVIII-2, EMB4, MAIV-15204, CVIII-5, and BRSMG Majestoso had 1000-seed weight within carioca bean commercial standards (a minimum of 23g per 100 seeds). Most genotypes had no hard seeds. Lines CNFC 10408, MAIV-18259 and P-18163

O aumento de produtividade é o principal objetivo dos programas de melhoramento de feijão-comum. Contudo, algumas características relacionadas à qualidade tecnológica devem ser analisadas para assegurar que a recomendação de novas cultivares considere também aspectos comerciais importantes para a aceitação do consumidor. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade tecnológica de grãos de genótipos de feijão-comum do grupo comercial carioca. Foram utilizados grãos de 25 genótipos selecionados pelo convênio Estadual de pesquisa em melhoramento de feijão-comum (EMBRAPA, UFLA, UFV e EPAMIG) para compor o ensaio de VCU do grupo comercial carioca, sendo 21 novas linhagens e 4 cultivares comerciais usadas como testemunha. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As características avaliadas foram à forma e o grau de achatamento dos grãos, a massa de mil grãos, a porcentagem de grãos duros, o teor de sólidos solúveis, o tempo de cocção, a porcentagem de casca e a capacidade de hidratação. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os genótipos que apresentam forma e grau de achatamento de acordo com o padrão comercial são EMB14, CNFC 10432, CNFC 10408, EMB4, P-18163, Pérola e BRSMG Madrepérola. Os genótipos MAIV-18259, VC-20, VC-23, RCII-219, CVIII-2, EMB4, MAIV-15204, CVIII-5, e BRSMG Majestoso apresentam massa de mil grã

Desempenho de smmentes de crambe expostas à tratamentos pré-germinativos / Performance of Seeds Crambe Exposed to Pre-germination Treatments / Comportamiento de semillas de Crambe sometidas a tratamientos pre-germinativoss

Com o estímulo à produção e uso de biodiesel, sementes de crambe constituem hoje uma das melhores opçõ es para o fornecimento de matéria-prima, sendo também excelente alternativa para cultivo de outono-inverno visando rotação de culturas. O objeto deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da combinação de tratamentos de pré-germinação sobre o comportamento de sementes de crambe. A partir de um lote de sementes da cultivar FMS Brilhante, foi proposto o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5. O delineamento foi baseado na combinação de duas condiçõ es estruturais: sementes com e sem pericarpo, e ambas submetidas a tratamentos pré-germinativos com e sem ácido giberélico, sendo: testemunha (sem tratamento); sementes pré-embebidas em água destilada sem adição de giberelina por 24 horas como controle; e sementes préembebidas em solução de ácido giberélico a 4 %, em diferentes concentraçõ es (400; 500 e 600 mg.L-1). Determinou-se o teor de água, primeira contagem de germinação, porcentagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas e índice de velocidade de emergência. Diante dos resultados conclui-se que a retirada do pericarpo em sementes de crambe, cultivar FMS Brilhante, acelera a velocidade de germinação, porém, diminui a sua porcentagem final. A pré-embebição em ácido giberélico (400, 500 e 600 mg.L-1) por 24 horas proporcionou incrementos na germinação e no vigor das sementes de crambe com pericarpo.

Encouraging the production and use of biodiesel, seeds of crambe today constitute one of the best options for the supply of raw material, is also an excellent alternative for autumn-winter crop rotation order. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of combined pre-germination treatments on the seed behavior of crambe. From a seed sample of FMS Brilhante cultivar, an experimental design completely randomized with a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement was performed. It was formed from combination of two structural conditions, seeds with or without pericarp, and treatments with or without giberelic acid, being: control (no treatment); seeds pre-soaked in distilled water for 24 hours as control; and seeds pre-soaked in gibberellic acid at 4 % at different concentrations (400, 500 and 600 mg.L-1). Water content, first count germination, germination, seedling emergence and emergence rate index were determined. From these results it is concluded that removal of the pericarp in seed of crambe, cultivar FMS Brilhante, accelerated the germination rate, however, decreased your final percentage. The pre-soaking in gibberellic acid (400, 500 and 600 mg L-1) for 24 hours, increased the germination and seed vigor crambe with pericarp.

Como un estímulo a la producción y uso del biodiesel, las semillas de crambe constituyen hoy una de las mejores opciones para el suministro de materia prima, también son una excelente alternativa en la rotación de cultivos de otoã±oinvierno. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficiencia de la combinación de tratamientos pre-germinativos sobre el comportamiento de semillas de crambe. A partir de una muestra de semillas del cultivar FMS Brilhante, se propuso un diseã±o experimental completamente aleatorizado, con un esquema factorial 2 x 5. El diseã±o se basó en la combinación de dos condiciones estructurales: semillas con y sin pericarpio, y ambos sometidos a tratamentos pre-germinativos con y sin ácido giberélico, siendo: control (sin tratamiento); semillas pre-embebidas en agua destilada sin giberelina por 24 horas como control; y semillas pre-embebidas en solución de ácido giberélico a 4 %, en diferentes concentraciones (400; 500 e 600 mg.L-1). Se determinó el contenido de agua, primer contaje de germinación y porcentaje de germinación, emergencia de plántulas e índice de velocidad de emergencia. A partir de estos resultados se concluye que la remoción del pericarpio en semillas de crambe, cultivar FMS Brilhante, aceleró la velocidad de germinación, pero, disminuyó su porcentaje final. La pre-imbibición en ácido giberélico (400, 500 e 600 mg.L-1) por 24 horas proporcionó incrementos en la germinación y en el vigor de las semillas de crambe con pericarpio.

Tratamentos préggerminativos em sementes de mamona, cultivar iac 226 / Pre-germination Treatments in Castor Seeds, Cultivar IAC 226 / Pretratamientos de germinación en semillas de higuerillo, cultivar IAC 226

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes tratamentos pré-germinativos em sementes de mamona, cultivar IAC 226. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 (quatro temperaturas e quatro tempos de imersão), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos pré-germinativos foram: imersão em água a temperatura ambiente (25 °C) e imersão em água aquecida à temperaturas de 60, 70 e 80 °C durante 2, 4, 6 e 8 minutos. Inicialmente determinou-se o teor de água das sementes. Antes e após cada tratamento, as sementes foram submetidas ao teste de germinação, a temperatura alternada de 20-30 °C, determinando-se as porcentagens de plântulas normais, anormais, sementes dormentes e mortas. Independente do período, a imersão em água, sob temperatura de 70 °C, é o tratamento prégerminativo mais eficiente para acelerar a germinação das sementes de mamona da cultivar IAC 226.

The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different pre-germination treatments in castor beans, IAC 226. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 4 x 4 (four temperatures and four immersion times), with four replications. Pre-germination treatments were: immersion in water at room temperature (25 °C) and immersion in hot water at temperatures of 60, 70 and 80 °C for 2, 4, 6 and 8 minutes. Water content of the seeds was determined before treatments. Before and after each treatment, seeds were subjected to germination test, 20-30 °C alternating temperature, determining the percentages of normal and abnormal seedlings, dormant and dead seeds. Independent of time, immersion in 70 °C, water was the most efficient treatment for accelerating germination of castor bean cultivar IAC 226.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de distintos tratamientos previos sobre la germinación de semillas de higuerillo, cv IAC 226. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar, factorial 4 x 4 (cuatro temperaturas y cuatro tiempos de inmersión), con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos de pregerminación fueron: inmersión en agua a temperatura ambiente (25 °C) e inmersión en agua caliente a temperaturas de 60, 70 y 80 ° C durante 2, 4, 6 y 8 minutos. Inicialmente se determinó el contenido de agua de las semillas. Antes y después de cada tratamiento, las semillas fueron sometidas a prueba de germinación, temperatura alterna de 20-30 °C, determinando los porcentajes de plántulas normales y anormales, semillas latentes y muertas. Independientemente de la duración, la inmersión en agua con una temperatura de 70 °C, fue el tratamiento pre-germinativo más eficaz para acelerar la germinación de higuerillo cv IAC 226.

Stochastic dynamics of dengue epidemics.

We use a stochastic Markovian dynamics approach to describe the spreading of vector-transmitted diseases, such as dengue, and the threshold of the disease. The coexistence space is composed of two structures representing the human and mosquito populations. The human population follows a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) type dynamics and the mosquito population follows a susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) type dynamics. The human infection is caused by infected mosquitoes and vice versa, so that the SIS and SIR dynamics are interconnected. We develop a truncation scheme to solve the evolution equations from which we get the threshold of the disease and the reproductive ratio. The threshold of the disease is also obtained by performing numerical simulations. We found that for certain values of the infection rates the spreading of the disease is impossible, for any death rate of infected mosquitoes.

Circulating tumour cells in prostate cancer patients receiving salvage radiotherapy.

INTRODUCTION: Within 10 years of radical prostatectomy (RP), up to 30% of prostate cancer (PCa) patients will have a rise in prostate-specific antigen (PSA), requiring radiation therapy (RT). However, with current technology, distinction between local and distant recurrent PCa is not possible. This lack of an accurate test constrains the decision whether to offer systemic or local treatment. We hypothesise tests for detecting circulating tumour cells (CTCs) within the blood may assist with clinical decision-making and in this pilot study we investigated whether CTCs could be detected in this patient population using the CellSearch® system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected from PCa patients (n=26) prior to RT and 3 months following completion of RT. Samples were analysed for PSA level via immunoassay and CTC number using the CellSearch® system. RESULTS: CTCs could be detected in this patient population and following RT CTCs appeared to decrease. However, no association was observed between a higher PSA and an increased number of CTCs pre- or post-RT. Interestingly, patients who failed RT trended toward an increased/ unchanged number of CTCs following RT vs. a decreased number in patients with RT response. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that CTCs can be detected in early-stage PCa and suggest the possibility that post-treatment reduction in CTC levels may be indicative of RT response . We are currently evaluating CTCs in a larger cohort of patients to validate our preliminary findings and further investigate the prognostic value of CTCs in this patient population.

Oocyst wall formation and composition in coccidian parasites.

The oocyst wall of coccidian parasites is a robust structure that is resistant to a variety of environmental and chemical insults. This resilience allows oocysts to survive for long periods, facilitating transmission from host to host. The wall is bilayered and is formed by the sequential release of the contents of two specialized organelles - wall forming body 1 and wall forming body 2 - found in the macrogametocyte stage of Coccidia. The oocyst wall is over 90% protein but few of these proteins have been studied. One group is cysteine-rich and may be presumed to crosslink via disulphide bridges, though this is yet to be investigated. Another group of wall proteins is rich in tyrosine. These proteins, which range in size from 8-31 kDa, are derived from larger precursors of 56 and 82 kDa found in the wall forming bodies. Proteases may catalyze processing of the precursors into tyrosine-rich peptides, which are then oxidatively crosslinked in a reaction catalyzed by peroxidases. In support of this hypothesis, the oocyst wall has high levels of dityrosine bonds. These dityrosine crosslinked proteins may provide a structural matrix for assembly of the oocyst wall and contribute to its resilience.

Oocyst wall formation and composition in coccidian parasites

The oocyst wall of coccidian parasites is a robust structure that is resistant to a variety of environmental and chemical insults. This resilience allows oocysts to survive for long periods, facilitating transmission from host to host. The wall is bilayered and is formed by the sequential release of the contents of two specialized organelles - wall forming body 1 and wall forming body 2 - found in the macrogametocyte stage of Coccidia. The oocyst wall is over 90 percent protein but few of these proteins have been studied. One group is cysteine-rich and may be presumed to crosslink via disulphide bridges, though this is yet to be investigated. Another group of wall proteins is rich in tyrosine. These proteins, which range in size from 8-31 kDa, are derived from larger precursors of 56 and 82 kDa found in the wall forming bodies. Proteases may catalyze processing of the precursors into tyrosine-rich peptides, which are then oxidatively crosslinked in a reaction catalyzed by peroxidases. In support of this hypothesis, the oocyst wall has high levels of dityrosine bonds. These dityrosine crosslinked proteins may provide a structural matrix for assembly of the oocyst wall and contribute to its resilience.

Punçäo biopsia com agulha fina de pulmäo / Fine needle lung aspiration biopsy

Apresenta-se os resultados de 235 punçöes biópsias do pulmäo com agulha fina em 219 pacientes no período de janeiro de 1981 a julho de 1985. Duzentos pacientes (91,5%) apresentavam doença maligna. Em três deles, näo se obteve diagnóstico. A complicaçäo mais freqüente foi o pneumotórax, que ocorreu em 20 pacientes, necessitando drenagem torácica em apenas 12 deles. Treze pacientes tiveram escarros com sangue. Conclui-se que a punçäo citológica de pulmäo é um procedimento de valor no diagnóstico das doenças pulmonares malignas, dispensando a toracotomia exploradora para diagnóstico, nos pacientes inoperáveis

Puncao biopsia citologica de pulmao. / Fine needle lung aspiration biopsy

Os autores apresentam os resultados de 72 puncoes citologicas de pulmao em 67 pacientes no periodo de janeiro de 1981 a janeiro de 1982. Cinquenta e oito pacientes (86%) apresentavam doencas malignas. Em dois deles nao se obteve diagnostico. A complicacao mais frequente foi o pneumotorax que ocorreu em seis pacientes, necessitando drenagem toracica em apenas dois deles. Tres pacientes tiveram escarros com sangue. Concluimos que a puncao citologica de pulmao e um procedimento de valor no diagnostico das doencas pulmonares malignas, dispensando a toracotomia exploradora para diagnostico nos pacientes inoperaveis