Macromineral and trace element requirements for Santa Ines sheep.

Minerals play an important role in animal metabolism. Knowledge of mineral requirements allows well-formulated diets to be provided, which is the main factor that affects performance. To determine the macromineral and trace element requirements for growth and maintenance, thirty-eight 2-month-old Santa Ines lambs with initial body weight (BW) of 13.0 ± 1.49 kg were distributed in a factorial design with feeding levels (ad libitum, 30% and 60% feed restriction) and sex classes [castrated (CM) and intact males (IM)]. The net mineral requirements for gain were higher (P < 0.05) with increasing BW and average daily gain, except for Ca and Na, which remained constant as the empty BW (EBW) increased. The macromineral net requirement for maintenance (g/kg EBW0.75) and the true retention coefficient (k; %) were 0.0784 and 65.2 for Ca, 0.0926 and 80.0 for P, and 0.0379 and 59.0 for K, respectively. The k of Mg was higher (P < 0.05) for IM (11.3 for IM and 7.9 for CM). Sex did not affect (P > 0.05) the maintenance requirement of the trace elements Co, Cu, Zn and Cr which were 0.0015, 0.037, 0.698, and 0.0055 (mg/kg EBW0.75), respectively. Our study indicated that the Santa Ines net mineral requirements are different from the main nutritional requirements established by committees for sheep, which may result in unbalanced diets.

Caroço de algodão em dietas sem volumoso para cordeiros confinados / Whole cottonseed in diets without roughage for feedlot lambs

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, consumo, comportamento ingestivo, os custos de produção e os parâmetros nutricionais de ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes teores de caroço de algodão - zero, 10, 20, 30 e 40%. Foram realizados dois experimentos, em que no primeiro foi usado um Delineamento Inteiramente Casualisado, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. Os animais foram mantidos em baias coletivas. O experimento teve duração de 70 dias, sendo os animais pesados no início e final do experimento. No segundo experimento, foram usados cinco animais por meio de quadrado latino 5x5, divididos em cinco períodos de 14 dias, totalizando 70 dias experimentais. Os consumos MS, MO, PB, EE, FDN e CNF foram influenciados de forma quadrática (P 0,01) pelos níveis de caroço de algodão na dieta. Os níveis de caroço de algodão tiveram efeito quadrático ( 0,01) apenas sobre a digestibilidade do EE, não sendo observado efeito sobre os demais nutrientes (P>0,05). Não foram observados efeitos (P>0,05) dos níveis de caroço de algodão nas dietas sobre o ganho médio diário, sendo obtido valor médio de 200,8 g/animal/dia, bem como sobre o comportamento ingestivo dos animais (P>0,05). Foram encontradas margens brutas de R$ 0,18 e 0,19 por animal/dia, respectivamente para os níveis 10 e 20% de caroço de algodão. Recomenda-se a inclusão de até 20% de caroço de algodão...(AU)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance, intake, feeding behavior, costs of production and nutritional parameters of sheep fed diets containing different levels of whole cottonseed (WC): zero, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. Two experiments have been carried out, in which in the first trial we have used a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates each, which lasted 70 days. The animals were kept in collective stalls and all of them have been weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment. The second experiment was a 5x5 Latin square design with five treatments and five animals divided in five periods of 14 days, totaling 70 days of experimentation. The intakes of the DM, OM, EE, NDF and NFC ave been not affected by WC levels (P>0.01). The WC levels had quadratic affect only on EE digestibility (P 0.01) and there were no observed effects on digestibility for other nutrients (P>0.05). There were no effects (P>0.05) of whole cottonseed on average daily gain with average of 200.8g/animal/day, as well as there was no effect of the WC levels on intake behavior. A gross margins of R$ 0.18 to 0.19 per animal / day was observed for WC levels of 10 to 20%.Thus, it was concluded that whole cottonseed can be included in lambs diets up 20% of dry matter basis in which roughage has been not used.(AU)

Caroço de algodão em dietas sem volumoso para cordeiros confinados / Whole cottonseed in diets without roughage for feedlot lambs

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, consumo, comportamento ingestivo, os custos de produção e os parâmetros nutricionais de ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes teores de caroço de algodão - zero, 10, 20, 30 e 40%. Foram realizados dois experimentos, em que no primeiro foi usado um Delineamento Inteiramente Casualisado, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. Os animais foram mantidos em baias coletivas. O experimento teve duração de 70 dias, sendo os animais pesados no início e final do experimento. No segundo experimento, foram usados cinco animais por meio de quadrado latino 5x5, divididos em cinco períodos de 14 dias, totalizando 70 dias experimentais. Os consumos MS, MO, PB, EE, FDN e CNF foram influenciados de forma quadrática (P 0,01) pelos níveis de caroço de algodão na dieta. Os níveis de caroço de algodão tiveram efeito quadrático ( 0,01) apenas sobre a digestibilidade do EE, não sendo observado efeito sobre os demais nutrientes (P>0,05). Não foram observados efeitos (P>0,05) dos níveis de caroço de algodão nas dietas sobre o ganho médio diário, sendo obtido valor médio de 200,8 g/animal/dia, bem como sobre o comportamento ingestivo dos animais (P>0,05). Foram encontradas margens brutas de R$ 0,18 e 0,19 por animal/dia, respectivamente para os níveis 10 e 20% de caroço de algodão. Recomenda-se a inclusão de até 20% de caroço de algodão...

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance, intake, feeding behavior, costs of production and nutritional parameters of sheep fed diets containing different levels of whole cottonseed (WC): zero, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. Two experiments have been carried out, in which in the first trial we have used a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates each, which lasted 70 days. The animals were kept in collective stalls and all of them have been weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment. The second experiment was a 5x5 Latin square design with five treatments and five animals divided in five periods of 14 days, totaling 70 days of experimentation. The intakes of the DM, OM, EE, NDF and NFC ave been not affected by WC levels (P>0.01). The WC levels had quadratic affect only on EE digestibility (P 0.01) and there were no observed effects on digestibility for other nutrients (P>0.05). There were no effects (P>0.05) of whole cottonseed on average daily gain with average of 200.8g/animal/day, as well as there was no effect of the WC levels on intake behavior. A gross margins of R$ 0.18 to 0.19 per animal / day was observed for WC levels of 10 to 20%.Thus, it was concluded that whole cottonseed can be included in lambs diets up 20% of dry matter basis in which roughage has been not used.