Nanoemulsion Improves the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Intraperitoneal and Oral Administration of Carvacryl Acetate.

Carvacryl acetate (CA) is a monoterpene obtained from carvacrol, which exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. However, its low solubility in aqueous media limits its application and bioavailability. Herein, we aimed to develop a carvacryl acetate nanoemulsion (CANE) and assess its anti-inflammatory potential in preclinical trials. The optimized nanoemulsion was produced by ultrasound, and stability parameters were characterized for 90 days using dynamic light scattering after hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) assessment. To evaluate anti-inflammatory activity, a complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation model was established. Paw edema was measured, and local interleukin (IL)-1ß levels were quantified using ELISA. Toxicity was assessed based on behavioral changes and biochemical assays. The optimized nanoemulsion contained 3% CA, 9% surfactants (HLB 9), and 88% water and exhibited good stability over 90 days, with no signs of toxicity. The release study revealed that CANE followed zero-order kinetics. Dose-response curves for CA were generated for intraperitoneal and oral administration, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects by both routes; however, efficacy was lower when administered orally. Furthermore, CANE showed improved anti-inflammatory activity when compared with free oil, particularly when administered orally. Moreover, daily treatment with CANE did not induce behavioral or biochemical alterations. Overall, these findings indicate that nanoemulsification can enhance the anti-inflammatory properties of CA by oral administration.

Effect on supplementation of three taurine's concentration in cryopreserved goat sperm / Efeito da suplementação de três concentrações de taurina ao sêmen caprino criopreservado

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of taurine to post-thaw goat semen. It was used goat cryopreserved semen Boer (n=3); two pallets of each breeding animal were thawed (37oC/30 s) and samples were homogenized. Four experimental groups were formed: CG= control group (semen with minimal essential medium); G1= semen + 5 mM taurine; G2= semen + 25 mM taurine; G3= semen + 50 mM taurine; assessed for sperm kinetics, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial function after the sample groups formation: at thawing moment (T0), one (T1) and three (T3) hours post-thaw. Six replicates were performed. Data were subjected to variance analysis (ANOVA, One way) and Tukeys test at 5% significance level. The CG decreased (p0.05) to other kinematic parameters and integrity of sperm membranes among the treated groups and the CG. Thus, in conclusion, the taurine at concentrations 5, 25 and 50 mM preserves total motility, progressive motility, rapid sperm and beat cross frequency of goat sperm after three hours post-thaw.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição de diferentes concentrações de taurina ao sêmen caprino pós-descongelação. Utilizou-se sêmen criopreservado de caprinos Boer (n=3), onde foram descongeladas duas palhetas de cada reprodutor (37 ºC/30 s) e as amostras foram homogeneizadas. Quatro grupos experimentais foram formados: GC= grupo controle (sêmen com adição de meio essencial mínimo); G1= sêmen + 5 mM de taurina; G2= sêmen + 25 mM de taurina; G3= sêmen + 50 mM de taurina; submetidos à avaliação de cinética espermática e integridade de membrana plasmática, acrossoma e função mitocondrial nos momentos após formação dos grupos amostrais (T0), uma (T1) e três (T3) horas pós-descongelação. Foram realizadas seis repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA, One way) e teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. O GC apresentou redução (p0,05) para os demais parâmetros cinéticos e de integridade das membranas espermáticas entre os grupos tratados e o grupo controle. Mediante o exposto, conclui-se que a taurina, nas concentrações de 5, 25 e 50 mM mantem a motilidade total, motilidade progressiva, percentual de espermatozoides rápidos e frequência de batimento cruzado de espermatozoide caprino após três horas pós-descongelação.

Effect on supplementation of three taurine's concentration in cryopreserved goat sperm / Efeito da suplementação de três concentrações de taurina ao sêmen caprino criopreservado

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of taurine to post-thaw goat semen. It was used goat cryopreserved semen Boer (n=3); two pallets of each breeding animal were thawed (37oC/30 s) and samples were homogenized. Four experimental groups were formed: CG= control group (semen with minimal essential medium); G1= semen + 5 mM taurine; G2= semen + 25 mM taurine; G3= semen + 50 mM taurine; assessed for sperm kinetics, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial function after the sample groups formation: at thawing moment (T0), one (T1) and three (T3) hours post-thaw. Six replicates were performed. Data were subjected to variance analysis (ANOVA, One way) and Tukeys test at 5% significance level. The CG decreased (p<0.05) values for total motility, progressive motility, rapid sperm and beat cross frequency after T3, which was not observed in the groups treated with taurine. No observed differences (p>0.05) to other kinematic parameters and integrity of sperm membranes among the treated groups and the CG. Thus, in conclusion, the taurine at concentrations 5, 25 and 50 mM preserves total motility, progressive motility, rapid sperm and beat cross frequency of goat sperm after three hours post-thaw.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição de diferentes concentrações de taurina ao sêmen caprino pós-descongelação. Utilizou-se sêmen criopreservado de caprinos Boer (n=3), onde foram descongeladas duas palhetas de cada reprodutor (37 ºC/30 s) e as amostras foram homogeneizadas. Quatro grupos experimentais foram formados: GC= grupo controle (sêmen com adição de meio essencial mínimo); G1= sêmen + 5 mM de taurina; G2= sêmen + 25 mM de taurina; G3= sêmen + 50 mM de taurina; submetidos à avaliação de cinética espermática e integridade de membrana plasmática, acrossoma e função mitocondrial nos momentos após formação dos grupos amostrais (T0), uma (T1) e três (T3) horas pós-descongelação. Foram realizadas seis repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA, One way) e teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. O GC apresentou redução (p<0,05) para os valores de motilidade total, motilidade progressiva, percentual de espermatozoides rápidos e frequência de batimento cruzado no T3, resultado não observado para os grupos tratados com taurina. Não foram observadas diferenças (p>0,05) para os demais parâmetros cinéticos e de integridade das membranas espermáticas entre os grupos tratados e o grupo controle. Mediante o exposto, conclui-se que a taurina, nas concentrações de 5, 25 e 50 mM mantem a motilidade total, motilidade progressiva, percentual de espermatozoides rápidos e frequência de batimento cruzado de espermatozoide caprino após três horas pós-descongelação.(AU)