RESUMEN
A novel ion exchanger based on double hydrous oxide (Fe2O3Al2O3xH2O) was obtained by the original sol-gel method from easily available and cheap raw materials and employed for adsorption of F-, Cl-, Br-, and BrO-3 from simultaneous solutions. Adsorbent was characterized by potentiometric titration, zeta-potential, and poremetrical characteristics. A technologically attractive pH effect of F-, Br-, and BrO-3 sorption on the investigated double hydroxide of Fe and Al, which is capable of working in the pH range 3 to 8.5, was observed. Kinetic data on fluoride and bromide sorption fit well the pseudo-second-order model. Isotherms of fluoride, bromide, chlorine, and bromate ion sorption on Fe2O3Al2O3xH2O were obtained at pH 4. The isotherm of F- sorption fit well the Langmuir model; sorption affinity (K=0.52 L/mg) and sorption capacity (90 mg F/g) were high. In the competitive adsorption of bromide and bromate, bromide dominated at equilibrium concentrations of the ions >40 mg/L. The mechanism of fluoride adsorption to the surface of the model cluster of the sorbent synthesized and the geometry of the cluster itself were modeled with the HyperChem7 program using the PM3 method.
Asunto(s)
Aluminio/química , Bromatos/química , Bromuros/química , Cloruros/química , Compuestos Férricos/química , Fluoruros/química , Adsorción , Aniones/química , Intercambio Iónico , Modelos Químicos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Purificación del AguaRESUMEN
The kinetics of bile acids (BA) and cholesterol adsorption from biological fluids (bile) and reference solutions on carbon SCN were compared with conventional medical carbon with the view of elucidating the role of adsorption in improving cholesterol metabolism. It was found that the adsorptive capacity of carbon adsorbents is determined, primarily, by their porous structure as well by the chemical properties of the adsorbing surface. The enterosorbents were tested both in experimental animals and in clinical trials and are now successfully employed for preventing and treating atherosclerosis as well as for normalizing lipid metabolism. A procedure for surgical treatment combined with adsorptive detoxication (enterosorption) for patients with obstructive jaundice has been developed.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos y Sales Biliares/metabolismo , Carbono , Colesterol/metabolismo , Enteroadsorción/métodos , Animales , Arteriosclerosis/prevención & control , Arteriosclerosis/terapia , Humanos , RatasAsunto(s)
Enteroadsorción/métodos , Hiperlipoproteinemias/terapia , Adulto , Animales , Aorta/fisiopatología , Arteriosclerosis/sangre , Arteriosclerosis/fisiopatología , Arteriosclerosis/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Dieta Aterogénica , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Humanos , Hiperlipoproteinemias/sangre , Hiperlipoproteinemias/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Isquemia Miocárdica/sangre , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiología , Isquemia Miocárdica/terapia , Conejos , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Enteroadsorción , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Análisis Actuarial , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Femenino , Homeostasis , Humanos , Riñón/fisiopatología , Fallo Renal Crónico/mortalidad , Fallo Renal Crónico/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Uremia/mortalidad , Uremia/fisiopatología , Uremia/terapiaRESUMEN
A synthetic carbon sorbent (SKNP-2) was included in the treatment of 197 patients with relapsing urticaria. Courses lasted 7, 14, 20 days. The clinical effect was favourable and its efficacy increased with prolongation of the therapy course time using the enterosorbent. Immunological parameters did not change in the course of treatment.
Asunto(s)
Enteroadsorción/métodos , Urticaria/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedad Crónica , Terapia Combinada , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas/análisis , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia , Urticaria/inmunologíaRESUMEN
By means of water-soluble carbodiimide coupling technique various bioligands were covalently attached to the surface of uncoated synthetic active carbons and a number of sorbents with certain biological functions were thus designed. Carbonaceous sorbents with immobilized ligands demonstrate increased affinity towards specific sorbates compared to that of starting matrix. As soon as SCN and SCS synthetic carbons are used uncoated they can be highly loaded with protein molecules - up to 80 mg serum albumin, 6-10 mg IgG rabbit etc. per gram of sorbent. Carbonaceous immunosorbents retain biocompatibility and substantial non-specific adsorptive capacity of initial hemosorbents. A conclusion is drawn that uncoated synthetic charcoals can serve a basis for design of selective hemosorbents intended for solving complicated problems of immunocorrection.
Asunto(s)
Carbón Orgánico , Inmunoadsorbentes , Ligandos , Materiales Biocompatibles , Técnicas de Inmunoadsorción , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
The alcohol dehydrogenase reaction on active charcoals has been studied. It is shown that the reaction rate on active charcoals decreases in comparison with usual conditions but the reaction being carried out for a longer period of time, the equilibrium shifts towards the NADH formation, which makes the NADH yield several times higher. A conclusion is made on the possibility of charcoals to influence the enzymic reactions in a living organism.
Asunto(s)
Alcohol Deshidrogenasa , Carbón Orgánico , Acetaldehído/metabolismo , Fenómenos Químicos , Química , Cinética , NAD/biosíntesis , Oxidación-ReducciónAsunto(s)
Hemoperfusión , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Derivación Arteriovenosa Quirúrgica , Femenino , Hemoperfusión/efectos adversos , Hemoperfusión/métodos , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diálisis Renal , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The investigation of the effect of perfusion through the activated charcoal upon the biochemical and morphological parameters of the donor blood stored with the glucose-cytrate conservant during 14-21 days has shown normalization of the acid-base status, increased oxygen-transport function and energy balance of erythrocytes. So, blood continuously stored and purified with the help of sorbents is quite suitable for massive transfusions.
Asunto(s)
Conservación de la Sangre/métodos , Sangre/metabolismo , Hemoperfusión , Equilibrio Ácido-Base , Citratos/análisis , Recuento de Eritrocitos , Eritrocitos/fisiología , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The paper is concerned with materials characterizing physicochemical properties of haemosorbents of varying grades. Adsorption of different uraemic toxins was studied. The possibility of microembolization of internal organs and tissues with haemosorbent particles was explored in the course of prolonged treatment with the use of haemosorption. Different approaches to connecting the sorption column to the dialyzer were examined to disclose an optimal variant. The authors report the results of applying haemosorption in patients who had received haemodialysis therapy to prevent complications. The blood response to the prolonged haemosorption treatment was analyzed. It is recommended that long-term (6-7 hours) sessions of haemosorption might be performed using carbons having high sorption capacity.