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Bioactive metal-based nanostructures, particularly zinc oxide (ZnO), are promising materials for bone tissue engineering. However, integrating them into 3D-printed polymers using traditional blending methods reduces the cell performance. Alternative surface deposition techniques often require extreme conditions that are unsuitable for polymers. To address these issues, we propose a metal-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method to modify 3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), facilitating the growth of ZnO nanoarrays (NAs) at a low-temperature (55 °C). Physicochemical characterizations revealed that the ZnO NPs form both physical and chemical bonds with the PCL surface; chemical bonding occurs between the carboxylate groups of PCL and Zn(OH)2 during seed deposition and hydrothermal synthesis. The ZnO NPs and NAs grown for a longer time (18 h) on the surface of PCL scaffolds exhibit significant proliferation and early differentiation of osteoblast-like cells. The proposed method is suitable for the surface modification of thermally degradable polymers, opening up new possibilities for the deposition of diverse metals.
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Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that particle size of field peas and location where peas are grown do not affect apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy (NE), apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch, or standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA). In both experiments, three sources of field peas were used. One source was obtained from the U.S., and two sources were obtained from Canada (i.e., Canada 1, Canada 2). The U.S. field peas were ground to 678, 457, or 265 µm, whereas the two sources of Canadian peas were ground to 411 and 415 µm. Therefore, five batches of field peas were used in both experiments. A basal diet contained corn and soybean meal as the only source of energy, starch, and AA, and five diets containing corn and soybean meal and 50% of each source of field peas were also formulated. The ratio between corn and soybean meal was 1.92:1 in all diets. In Exp. 1, an N-free diet was also used to calculate basal endogenous losses of AA and CP, but in Exp. 2, no N-free diet was used. In Exp. 1, seven barrows (initial body weight = 60.6 ± 2.1 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to a 7 × 7 Latin square design with seven diets and seven periods. In Exp. 2, twenty-four pigs (initial body weight = 30.8 ± 1.0 kg) were housed in six calorimeter chambers with four pigs per chamber. The six chambers were allotted to one of the six diets using a 6 × 6 Latin square design with six consecutive periods of 15 d. Results of Exp. 1 demonstrated that the SID of CP and AA was not influenced by the origin of the peas or by the particle size, but the AID of starch increased (linear, P < 0.001) as particle size was reduced from 678 µm to 457 or 265 µm. Results of Exp. 2 indicated that growing location did not affect concentrations of DE, ME, or NE of field peas, but concentrations of DE, ME, and NE increased (linear, P < 0.05) when the particle size was reduced from 678 µm to 457 or 265 µm. In conclusion, field peas grown in Canada or the U.S. have the same nutritional value, but starch digestibility and NE increase if the particle size of field peas is reduced.
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Recently, interest in cancer immunotherapy has increased over traditional anti-cancer therapies such as chemotherapy or targeted therapy. Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the immune cell family and essential to tumor immunotherapy as they detect and kill cancer cells. However, the disadvantage of NK cells is that cell culture is difficult. In this study, porous microgels have been fabricated using microfluidic channels to effectively culture NK cells. Microgel fabrication using microfluidics can be mass-produced in a short time and can be made in a uniform size. Microgels consist of photo cross-linkable polymers such as methacrylic gelatin (GelMa) and can be regulated via controlled GelMa concentrations. NK92 cell-laden three-dimensional (3D) microgels increase mRNA expression levels, NK92 cell proliferation, cytokine release, and anti-tumor efficacy, compared with two-dimensional (2D) cultures. In addition, the study confirms that 3D-cultured NK92 cells enhance anti-tumor effects compared with enhancement by 2D-cultured NK92 cells in the K562 leukemia mouse model. Microgels containing healthy NK cells are designed to completely degrade after 5 days allowing NK cells to be released to achieve cell-to-cell interaction with cancer cells. Overall, this microgel system provides a new cell culture platform for the effective culturing of NK cells and a new strategy for developing immune cell therapy.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to understand the reasons behind evidence-practice gaps and inequities in cardiovascular care for Maori and Pacific people, as evidenced by the experiences and perspectives of patients and their families. METHODS: The research was guided by Maori and Pacific worldviews, incorporating Kaupapa Maori Theory and Pacific conceptual frameworks and research methodologies. Template analysis was used to analyse interview data from 61 Maori and Pacific people who had experienced a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment, acute coronary syndrome, and/or heart failure. RESULTS: The range of experiences relating to participants' heart health journeys are presented in five main themes: Context, Mana (maintaining control and dignity), Condition, People and Journey. CONCLUSIONS: Maori and Pacific people want to take charge of their heart health but face challenges. Participants described important obligations to family, community and tikanga (the culturally correct way of doing things). Participants described times when health care undermined existing responsibilities, their dignity and/or their mana, and they felt excluded from treatment as a result. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH: Good reciprocal communication, stemming from a high-quality relationship is essential for successful outcomes. A workforce that is representative of the population it serves and is culturally safe lays the foundation for excellence in care.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Investigación Cualitativa , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etnología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/terapia , Familia/psicología , Familia/etnología , Entrevistas como Asunto , Pueblo Maorí , Nueva Zelanda , Pueblos Isleños del PacíficoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Reduction of the particle size of corn increases energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy. Pelleting may also reduce particle size of grain, but it is not known if there are interactions between particle size reduction and pelleting. The objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that particle size reduction and pelleting, separately or in combination, increase N balance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of fiber and fat, and net energy (NE) in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs. METHODS: Six corn-soybean meal-based diets were used in a 3 × 2 factorial design with 3 particle sizes of corn (i.e., 700, 500, or 300 µm) and 2 diet forms (i.e., meal or pelleted). Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water. Twenty-four castrated male pigs (initial weight: 29.52 kg; standard diviation: 1.40) were allotted to the 6 diets using a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 calorimeter chambers (i.e., 4 pigs/chamber) and 6 periods. Oxygen consumption and CO2 and CH4 productions were measured during fed and fasting states and fecal and urine samples were collected. RESULTS: Regardless of particle size of corn, the ATTD of gross energy (GE), N, and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), and the concentration of NE were greater (P < 0.05) in pelleted diets than in meal diets. Regardless of diet form, the ATTD of GE, N, and AEE, and the concentration of NE were increased (linear; P < 0.05) by reducing the particle size of corn, but the increase was greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets (interaction; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both pelleting and reduction of corn particle size increased nutrient digestibility and NE, but increases were greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets.
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Hypertension is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypertension mostly accompanies no symptoms, and therefore blood pressure (BP) measurement is the only way for early recognition and timely treatment. Methods for BP measurement have a long history of development and improvement. Invasive method via arterial cannulation was first proven possible in the 1800's. Subsequent scientific progress led to the development of the auscultatory method, also known as Korotkoff' sound, and the oscillometric method, which enabled clinically available BP measurement. However, hypertension management status is still poor. Globally, less than half of adults are aware of their hypertension diagnosis, and only one-third of them being treated are under control. Novel methods are actively investigated thanks to technological advances such as sensors and machine learning in addition to the clinical needs for easier and more convenient BP measurement. Each method adopts different technologies with its own specific advantages and disadvantages. Promises of novel methods include comprehensive information on out-of-office BP capturing dynamic short-term and long-term fluctuations. However, there are still pitfalls such as the need for regular calibration since most novel methods capture relative BP changes rather than an absolute value. In addition, there is growing concern on their accuracy and precision as conventional validation protocols are inappropriate for cuffless continuous methods. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the past and present of BP measurement methods. Novel and emerging technologies are also introduced with respect to their potential applications and limitations.
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Biliary strictures are characterized by the narrowing of the bile duct lumen, usually caused by surgical biliary injury, cancer, inflammation, and scarring from gallstones. Endoscopic stent placement is a well-established method for the management of biliary strictures. However, maintaining optimal mechanical properties of stents and designing surfaces that can prevent stent-induced tissue hyperplasia and biofilm formation are challenges in the fabrication of biodegradable biliary stents (BBSs) for customized treatment. This study proposes a novel approach to fabricating functionalized polymer BBSs with nanoengineered surfaces using 3D printing. The 3D printed stents, fabricated from bioactive silica poly(ε-carprolactone) (PCL) via a sol-gel method, exhibited tunable mechanical properties suitable for supporting the bile duct while ensuring biocompatibility. Furthermore, a nanoengineered surface layer was successfully created on a sirolimus (SRL)-coated functionalized PCL (fPCL) stent using Zn ion sputtering-based plasma immersion ion implantation (S-PIII) treatment to enhance the performance of the stent. The nanoengineered surface of the SRL-coated fPCL stent effectively reduced bacterial responses and remarkably inhibited fibroblast proliferation and initial burst release of SRL in vitro systems. The physicochemical properties and biological behaviors, including in vitro biocompatibility and in vivo therapeutic efficacy in the rabbit bile duct, of the Zn-SRL@fPCL stent demonstrated its potential as a versatile platform for clinical applications in bile duct tissue engineering.
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Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p) is a major component in humidifier disinfectants, which cause life-threatening lung injuries. However, to our knowledge, no published studies have investigated associations between PHMG-p dose and lung damage severity with long-term follow-up. Therefore, we evaluated longitudinal dose-dependent changes in lung injuries using repeated chest computed tomography (CT). Rats were exposed to low (0.2 mg/kg, n = 10), intermediate (1.0 mg/kg, n = 10), and high (5.0 mg/kg, n = 10) doses of PHMG-p. All rats underwent repeated CT scans after 10 and 40 weeks following the first exposure. All CT images were quantitatively analyzed using commercial software. Inflammation/fibrosis and tumor counts underwent histopathological evaluation. In both radiological and histopathologic results, the lung damage severity increased as the PHMG-p dose increased. Moreover, the number, size, and malignancy of the lung tumors increased as the dose increased. Bronchiolar-alveolar hyperplasia developed in all groups. During follow-up, there was intergroup variation in bronchiolar-alveolar hyperplasia progression, although bronchiolar-alveolar adenomas or carcinomas usually increase in size over time. Thirty-three carcinomas were detected in the high-dose group in two rats. Overall, lung damage from PHMG-p and the number and malignancy of lung tumors were shown to be dose-dependent in a rat model using repeated chest CT scans during a long-term follow-up.
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Carcinoma , Lesión Pulmonar , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Ratas , Animales , Estudios de Seguimiento , Carcinógenos , Hiperplasia , Guanidinas , CarcinogénesisRESUMEN
The objective was to test the hypothesis that particle size and origin of field peas influence the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch, crude protein (CP), and amino acids (AA) and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA. Three sources of field peas were procured. One source was from the United States and two sources were from Canada. The U.S. source and one of the sources from Canada (i.e., Canada 1) were each divided into two batches and ground to achieve a target particle size of 250 or 450 µm, whereas the other source from Canada (i.e., Canada 2) was only ground to a target particle size of 250 µm. Each batch of field peas was included in one diet as the only source of AA. An N-free diet was used to determine the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Six barrows (initial weight: 50.5 kg; SDâ =â 3.7) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were randomly allotted to a 6â ×â 6 Latin square design with six diets and six 7-d periods. Ileal digesta from pigs were collected for 2 d after 5 d of adaptation. Data were analyzed using a statistical model that included batch of field peas as the fixed effect and animal and period as the random effects. Contrast statements were used to analyze the effects of particle size, origin, and the interaction between particle size and origin. Results indicated that the AID of starch was increased by reducing the particle size in the U.S. source of field peas, but that was not the case for the Canada 1 source (interaction; Pâ <â 0.001). Particle size did not influence the AID of CP or AA, but the Canada 2 source of field peas had greater (Pâ <â 0.05) AID of Trp, Ala, Cys, Gly, and Tyr than the field peas from the United States. The SID of CP and AA was also not affected by the particle size of field peas. The SID of CP and Trp was greater (Pâ <â 0.05), and the SID of His, Ile, and Thr tended (Pâ <â 0.10) to be greater in the Canada 2 source compared with the U.S. source, but no differences between the two Canada sources were observed. In conclusion, a few differences in SID of AA between field peas produced in the United States and peas produced in Canada were observed, but there was no effect on SID of AA of reducing the particle size of field peas from 450 to 250 µm, whereas the AID of starch increased by reducing the particle size only in the field peas from the United States.
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Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) bioink has been widely used in bioprinting because it is a printable and biocompatible biomaterial. However, it is difficult to print GelMA bioink without any temperature control because it has a thermally-sensitive rheological property. Therefore, in this study, we developed a temperature-controlled printing system in real time without affecting the viability of the cells encapsulated in the bioink. In addition, a skin-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (SdECM) was printed with GelMA to better mimic the native tissue environment compared with solely using GelMA bioink with the enhancement of structural stability. The temperature setting accuracy was calculated to be 98.58 ± 1.8 % for the module and 99.48 ± 1.33 % for the plate from 5 °C to 37 °C. The group of the temperature of the module at 10 °C and the plate at 20 °C have 93.84 % cell viability with the printable range in the printability window. In particular, the cell viability and proliferation were increased in the encapsulated fibroblasts in the GelMA/SdECM bioink, relative to the GelMA bioink, with a morphology that significantly spread for seven days. The gene expression and growth factors related to skin tissue regeneration were relatively upregulated with SdECM components. In the bioprinting process, the rheological properties of the GelMA/SdECM bioink were successfully adjusted in real time to increase printability, and the native skin tissue mimicked components providing tissue-specific biofunctions to the encapsulated cells. The developed bioprinting strategies and bioinks could support future studies related to the skin tissue reconstruction, regeneration, and other medical applications using the bioprinting process.
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Gelatina , Andamios del Tejido , Andamios del Tejido/química , Gelatina/química , Metacrilatos/química , Impresión Tridimensional , Materiales Biocompatibles , Ingeniería de TejidosRESUMEN
Although three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques are used to mimic macro- and micro-structures as well as multi-structural human tissues in tissue engineering, efficient target tissue regeneration requires bioactive 3D printing scaffolds. In this study, we developed a bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-immobilized polycaprolactone (PCL) 3D printing scaffold with leaf-stacked structure (LSS) (3D-PLSS-BMP) as a bioactive patient-tailored bone graft. The unique LSS was introduced on the strand surface of the scaffold via heating/cooling in tetraglycol without significant deterioration in physical properties. The BMP-2 adsorbed on3D-PLSS-BMPwas continuously released from LSS over a period of 32 d. The LSS can be a microtopographical cue for improved focal cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation.In vitrocell culture andin vivoanimal studies demonstrated the biological (bioactive BMP-2) and physical (microrough structure) mechanisms of3D-PLSS-BMPfor accelerated bone regeneration. Thus, bioactive molecule-immobilized 3D printing scaffold with LSS represents a promising physically and biologically activated bone graft as well as an advanced tool for widespread application in clinical and research fields.
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Osteogénesis , Andamios del Tejido , Humanos , Andamios del Tejido/química , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos , Regeneración Ósea , Poliésteres/química , Impresión TridimensionalRESUMEN
Currently, commercial sunscreens cause a number of biotoxicity and environmental issues, making it imperative to develop biocompatible alternatives. In this study, we aimed to develop an alternative sunscreen from two ecofriendly and biocompatible natural polyphenolic compounds, tannic acid (TA) and quercetin (Que). The sunscreen was prepared through a simple process using an oil-in-water emulsion as the medium and hyaluronic acid (HA) as the base polymer to improve biocompatibility. The HA/TA/Que. sunscreen prepared in this study exhibits 0 % transmittance in the UVB region and <15 % transmittance in the UVA region, resulting in excellent sun-protection properties (SPF 30). Remarkably, the as-prepared HA/TA/Que. sunscreen has a suitable viscosity and similar UV protection properties to those of commercial sunscreens. The HA/TA/Que. sunscreen also exhibits 90.4 % antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, demonstrating an ability to effectively capture reactive oxygen species that directly affect the skin. In addition, the cell viability was >90 % at a concentration of 50 µg/mL after 7 days, indicating excellent cytocompatibility. Owing to its various advantageous features, the HA/TA/Que. sunscreen with excellent sun protection properties and multiple functionalities is expected to resolve many environmental and biological issues caused by commercial sunscreens.
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Quercetina , Protectores Solares , Protectores Solares/farmacología , Quercetina/farmacología , Ácido Hialurónico , Rayos Ultravioleta , Piel , PolifenolesRESUMEN
Breast cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Early and precise diagnosis is crucial, and clinical outcomes can be markedly enhanced. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has ushered in a new era, notably in image analysis, paving the way for major advancements in breast cancer diagnosis and individualized treatment regimens. In the diagnostic workflow for patients with breast cancer, the role of AI encompasses screening, diagnosis, staging, biomarker evaluation, prognostication, and therapeutic response prediction. Although its potential is immense, its complete integration into clinical practice is challenging. Particularly, these challenges include the imperatives for extensive clinical validation, model generalizability, navigating the "black-box" conundrum, and pragmatic considerations of embedding AI into everyday clinical environments. In this review, we comprehensively explored the diverse applications of AI in breast cancer care, underlining its transformative promise and existing impediments. In radiology, we specifically address AI in mammography, tomosynthesis, risk prediction models, and supplementary imaging methods, including magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. In pathology, our focus is on AI applications for pathologic diagnosis, evaluation of biomarkers, and predictions related to genetic alterations, treatment response, and prognosis in the context of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Our discussion underscores the transformative potential of AI in breast cancer management and emphasizes the importance of focused research to realize the full spectrum of benefits of AI in patient care.
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Correction for 'A wearable colorimetric sweat pH sensor-based smart textile for health state diagnosis' by Ji-Hwan Ha et al., Mater. Horiz., 2023, 10, 4163-4171, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3mh00340j.
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INTRODUCTION: Financial affordability to purchase commodities for disease prevention is an important public health issue. The objective of this paper is to report the financial affordability and willingness to pay amongst the parents of government students for their children's nonmedical mask use, using a newly created Household Face Mask Affordability Questionnaire (MAQ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving the parents or guardians of 50.6% (44/87) government schools in the whole of Kuching Division of Sarawak. The sampling method was multistage cluster sampling, whereby stage one involved random sampling of 49.2% (30/61) primary schools and 53.8% (14/46) secondary schools in the Kuching Division, followed by stage two cluster sampling of one class per non-examination standard in each randomly sampled school. All students in the sampled classes were asked to bring a face-validated questionnaire (MAQ) back home to be answered by one of their parents or a guardian. A total of 2559 out of 3661 distributed questionnaires were collected, with a response rate of 70%. The data collection period was between April and June of 2022 so as the recall bias of the information collected, especially on the actual spending on the face masks for the school going students, was minimised. The relevant summary statistics for self-perceived face masks characteristics, face mask expenses, affordability and willingness to pay were calculated. We regress separately the monthly affordability and willingness to pay amount against age, occupation, marital status, total number of children, monthly income and monthly saving to build predictive models for affordability and willingness to pay amount per child per month. RESULTS: The average Scale-level Face Validity Indexes for all aspects of validity (clarity, comprehension, relevancy, representativeness) are high (0.91 to 1.00) for MAQ. Most of the respondents were mothers, married, working as private employees with a mean age of 41 and belonged to the B40 and M40 group. The average monthly saving per family was RM540, which was about 15% of the total income. The average actual monthly spending to purchase face masks for one child is RM24. On average, a family can afford to pay RM23.80 for one child per month to purchase face masks. The willingness to pay for the same was RM25.27. The median affordability, willingness to pay and actual spending for face masks per child was RM16.67 per month. Taking 75th percentile as the reasonable maximum expenses per child for face masks per month, the affordable amount by most parents is RM30, with the willingness to pay at 10% higher. Affordability to purchase a face mask is influenced by the marital status, occupation, income, saving and the number of dependent of the breadwinner of a household. The most important face mask characteristics expected by the parents are better filtration efficiency and easier breathability. CONCLUSION: The affordability and willingness to pay the amount to purchase face masks amongst parents of government students in Sarawak were RM30 and RM33 per child per month, respectively.
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The concentration of Ca in plant feed ingredients is low compared with the requirement for pigs and most Ca in diets for pigs is provided by limestone and Ca phosphate. To determine digestibility values for Ca that are additive in mixed diets, the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of Ca needs to be calculated, and the STTD of Ca by growing pigs in most Ca-containing ingredients has been reported. Although Ca is an inexpensive nutrient compared with P and amino acids, excess Ca needs to be avoided because excess dietary Ca results in reduced P digestibility, reduced feed intake, and reduced growth performance of pigs. Recent data indicate that most diets produced for pigs in the United States and Europe contain ~0.20 percentage units more Ca than formulated, which likely is because of the use of limestone as a carrier in feed additives or as a flow agent in other ingredients. An excess of this magnitude without a corresponding excess of P will result in a reduction in daily gain of growing pigs by 50 to 100 g. Greater emphasis, therefore, needs to be placed on determining the concentration of Ca in diets for pigs. Microbial phytase increases the digestibility of both Ca and P and it is, therefore, important that the release of both Ca and P by phytase is considered in diet formulation. However, due to the relationship between Ca and P in postabsorptive metabolism, diets need to be formulated based on a ratio between digestible Ca and digestible P. To maximize average daily gain, this ratio needs to be less than 1.40:1.0 in diets for weanling pigs, and the ratio needs to be reduced as the body weight of pigs increases. In contrast, to maximize bone ash, the digestible Ca to digestible P ratio needs to increase from 1.67:1.0 in 11 to 25 kg pigs to 2.33:1.0 in finishing pigs. Gestating sows have reduced STTD and retention of Ca and P compared with growing pigs and formulation of diets for sows based on digestibility values obtained in growing pigs will result in inaccuracies in the provision of Ca and P. There is, however, a lack of data for the digestibility of Ca and P by gestating and lactating sows, and responses to microbial phytase by sows are not fully understood. There is, therefore, a need for research to generate more data in this area. In the present review, a summary of data for the digestibility of Ca in feed ingredients for pigs and estimates for the requirement for digestible Ca by growing and finishing pigs are provided.
Concentration of Ca in most plant feed ingredients is low compared with the requirement for pigs and dietary Ca is, therefore, mostly provided by limestone and calcium phosphates. Although Ca is an inexpensive nutrient compared with P and amino acids, excess dietary Ca may result in reduced P digestibility, feed intake, and growth performance of pigs. Excretion of P from pigs is increased if dietary Ca is provided above the requirement, which may increase environmental pollution. Therefore, determination of the digestibility of Ca in dietary sources of Ca and formulation of diets based on the ratio between digestible Ca and digestible P are needed to reduce Ca and P excretions. This review provides a summary of values for the digestibility of Ca in feed ingredients and also provides estimates for the requirement for digestible Ca by weanling and growing-finishing pigs. Summarized data from experiments that determined the requirement for digestible Ca demonstrated that there are linear correlations between body weight of growing-finishing pigs and digestible Ca to digestible P ratios needed to maximize growth or bone ash.
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6-Fitasa , Fósforo Dietético , Porcinos , Animales , Femenino , Calcio/metabolismo , 6-Fitasa/metabolismo , Lactancia , Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Fósforo Dietético/metabolismo , Digestión , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Calcio de la Dieta/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinaria , Carbonato de Calcio/metabolismoRESUMEN
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) rely on chemokines and chemokine receptors to execute their biological and physiological functions. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is upregulated in injury sites, where it acts as a chemotactic agent, attracting CXCR4-expressing MSCs, which play a pivotal role in the healing and regeneration of tissue throughout the body. Furthermore, SDF-1 expression has been observed in regions experiencing inflammation-induced bone destruction and fracture sites. In this study, we identified a novel peptide called bone-forming peptide-5 (BFP-5), derived from SDF-1δ, which can promote the osteogenesis of MSCs as well as bone formation and healing. Multipotent bone marrow stromal cells treated with BFP-5 showed enhanced alizarin red S staining and higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Moreover, ALP and osterix proteins were more abundantly expressed when cells were treated with BFP-5 than SDF-1α. Histology and microcomputed tomography data at 12 weeks demonstrated that both rabbit and goat models transplanted with polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds coated with BFP-5 showed significantly greater bone formation than animals transplanted with PCL scaffolds alone. These findings suggest that BFP-5 could be useful in the development of related therapies for conditions associated with bones.
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Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Osteogénesis , Animales , Conejos , Microtomografía por Rayos X , Diferenciación Celular , Células del Estroma/metabolismo , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas/metabolismo , Quimiocina CXCL12/farmacología , Quimiocina CXCL12/metabolismo , Células de la Médula ÓseaRESUMEN
Extrusion-based bioprinting technology is widely used for tissue regeneration and reconstruction. However, the method that uses only hydrogel as the bioink base material exhibits limited biofunctional properties and needs improvement to achieve the desired tissue regeneration. In this study, we present a three-dimensionally printed bioactive microparticle-loaded scaffold for use in bone regeneration applications. The unique structure of the microparticles provided sustained release of growth factor for > 4 weeks without the use of toxic or harmful substances. Before and after printing, the optimal particle ratio in the bioink for cell viability demonstrated a survival rate of ≥ 85% over 7 days. Notably, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization-mediated by human periosteum-derived cells in scaffolds with bioactive microparticles-increased over a 2-week interval. Here, we present an alternative bioprinting strategy that uses the sustained release of bioactive microparticles to improve biofunctional properties in a manner that is acceptable for clinical bone regeneration applications.
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BACKGROUND: Patients face a serious threat if a solid tumor leaves behind partial residuals or cannot be completely removed after surgical resection. Immunotherapy has attracted attention as a method to prevent this condition. However, the conventional immunotherapy method targeting solid tumors, that is, intravenous injection, has limitations in homing in on the tumor and in vivo expansion and has not shown effective clinical results. METHOD: To overcome these limitations, NK cells (Natural killer cells) were encapsulated in micro/macropore-forming hydrogels using 3D bioprinting to target solid tumors. Sodium alginate and gelatin were used to prepare micro-macroporous hydrogels. The gelatin contained in the alginate hydrogel was removed because of the thermal sensitivity of the gelatin, which can generate interconnected micropores where the gelatin was released. Therefore, macropores can be formed through bioprinting and micropores can be formed using thermally sensitive gelatin to make macroporous hydrogels. RESULTS: It was confirmed that intentionally formed micropores could help NK cells to aggregate easily, which enhances cell viability, lysis activity, and cytokine release. Macropores can be formed using 3D bioprinting, which enables NK cells to receive the essential elements. We also characterized the functionality of NK 92 and zEGFR-CAR-NK cells in the pore-forming hydrogel. The antitumor effects on leukemia and solid tumors were investigated using an in vitro model. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that the hydrogel encapsulating NK cells created an appropriate micro-macro environment for clinical applications of NK cell therapy for both leukemia and solid tumors via 3D bioprinting. 3D bioprinting makes macro-scale clinical applications possible, and the automatic process shows potential for development as an off-the-shelf immunotherapy product. This immunotherapy system could provide a clinical option for preventing tumor relapse and metastasis after tumor resection. Micro/macropore-forming hydrogel with NK cells fabricated by 3D bioprinting and implanted into the tumor site.
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Sweat pH is an important indicator for diagnosing disease states, such as cystic fibrosis. However, conventional pH sensors are composed of large brittle mechanical parts and need additional instruments to read signals. These pH sensors have limitations for practical wearable applications. In this study, we propose wearable colorimetric sweat pH sensors based on curcumin and thermoplastic-polyurethane (C-TPU) electrospun-fibers to diagnose disease states by sweat pH monitoring. This sensor aids in pH monitoring by changing color in response to chemical structure variation from enol to di-keto form via H-atom separation. Its chemical structure variation changes the visible color due to light absorbance and reflectance changes. Furthermore, it can rapidly and sensitively detect sweat pH due to its superior permeability and wettability. By O2 plasma activation and thermal pressing, this colorimetric pH sensor can be easily attached to various fabric substrates such as swaddling and patient clothing via surface modification and mechanical interlocking of C-TPU. Furthermore, the diagnosable clothing is durable and reusable enough to neutral washing conditions due to the reversible pH colorimetric sensing performance by restoring the enol form of curcumin. This study contributes to the development of smart diagnostic clothing for cystic fibrosis patients who require continuous sweat pH monitoring.