RESUMEN
It is known that Porphyromonas gingivalis/lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis/LPS) induces inflammatory diseases via TNF-α-mediated transcription factors. Our recent data shows that TNFAIP1 (TNF-α induced protein 1) is related to TNF-α. However, little is known regarding how TNFAIP1 is involved in the TNF-α-dependent pathway. We therefore focused on the biological function of TNFAIP1 and examined how TNFAIP1 mediates TNF-α and other genes. We found that TNF-α was upregulated and peaks before the upregulation of apoptotic genes such as Bad, Bcl-x, Caspase 3, Catalase, Claspin, Cytochromic, Ho-1/HMOX1/HSP32, or MCI-1 in our time course with TNFAIP1-treated cells. Our findings here may serve as the foundation for future studies linking regulation of TNFAIP1 and intervention of inflammatory disease.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/fisiología , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/metabolismo , Apoptosis/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Caspasa 3/genética , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamación/genética , Lipopolisacáridos/efectos adversos , Células THP-1 , Regulación hacia Arriba/genética , Proteína Letal Asociada a bcl/genética , Proteína Letal Asociada a bcl/metabolismo , Proteína bcl-X/genética , Proteína bcl-X/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate prevalence and severity of gingivitis in representative American adults. METHODS: Subjects (1,000) in Loma Linda, California; Seattle, Washington; and Boston, Massachusetts were examined for Löe-Silness Gingivitis Index (GI). Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used to determine significances in the GI between genders. The data among study sites and races were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks. The correlation of the GI and age was examined by the Spearman rank order correlation. Age differences among three sites were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The race composition of the subjects (mean age 37.9) approximated to the 2004 U.S. Census data. The overall average GI was 1.055. Only 6.1% of subjects showed mean GI<0.50; most (93.9%) were > or = 0.50, with 55.7% > or = 1.00. There was a significant correlation (P<0.001) between the age and GI. The males' GI was significantly higher (P<0.001) than the females'; African-Americans showed a significantly higher GI (P<0.05) than other races except for the Native-Americans.
