Evaluation of gold adsorption on activated carbon from real cyanide and thiourea leachate solutions.

The recovery of gold by adsorption using activated carbon from sodium cyanide and thiourea leached solutions are reported in this study. The leached solutions were obtained under real operating conditions from the beneficiation plant "Paz Borja", Machala-Ecuador. Calgon Carbon DG-11 6X12 type, widely used in the local metallurgical industry was used as adsorbent material. The operational parameters varied during the adsorption process experiments included the concentration of leaching agent, agitation speed, dose of activated carbon and initial concentration of gold. The control parameters included density, percentage of solid, pH, temperature, and solution potential. The obtained results were adjusted to mass transfer model by diffusion through the interface and the Freundlich model for the equilibrium isotherms. The analysis of the results indicates a higher adsorption rate of the gold di-cyanide complex on activated carbon compared to gold-thiourea complexes.

The MADS-box genes SOC1 and AGL24 antagonize XAL2 functions in Arabidopsis thaliana root development.

MADS-domain transcription factors play pivotal roles in numerous developmental processes in Arabidopsis thaliana. While their involvement in flowering transition and floral development has been extensively examined, their functions in root development remain relatively unexplored. Here, we explored the function and genetic interaction of three MADS-box genes (XAL2, SOC1 and AGL24) in primary root development. By analyzing loss-of-function and overexpression lines, we found that SOC1 and AGL24, both critical components in flowering transition, redundantly act as repressors of primary root growth as the loss of function of either SOC1 or AGL24 partially recovers the primary root growth, meristem cell number, cell production rate, and the length of fully elongated cells of the short-root mutant xal2-2. Furthermore, we observed that the simultaneous overexpression of AGL24 and SOC1 leads to short-root phenotypes, affecting meristem cell number and fully elongated cell size, whereas SOC1 overexpression is sufficient to affect columella stem cell differentiation. Additionally, qPCR analyses revealed that these genes exhibit distinct modes of transcriptional regulation in roots compared to what has been previously reported for aerial tissues. We identified 100 differentially expressed genes in xal2-2 roots by RNA-seq. Moreover, our findings revealed that the expression of certain genes involved in cell differentiation, as well as stress responses, which are either upregulated or downregulated in the xal2-2 mutant, reverted to WT levels in the absence of SOC1 or AGL24.

Proteolytic activities and profiles as useful traits to select barley cultivars for beer production.

Barley malting depends on hydrolytic enzymes that degrade storage macromolecules. Identifying barley cultivars with proteolytic activity that guarantees appropriate foaming, flavor, and aroma in the beer is of great importance. In this work, the proteolytic activity and profiles of brewing malt from Mexican barley cultivars were analyzed. Data showed that Cys- (at 50°C) and Ser-proteases (at 70°C) are the major contributors to proteolytic activity during mashing. Essential amino acids, necessary for fermentation and production of good flavor and aroma in beer, were detected at the end of mashing. According to our results, Mexican cultivar HV2005-19 exhibits similar proteolytic activities as those from cultivar Metcalfe, which is one of the most utilized for the brewing industry. Moreover, we propose Cys- and Ser-proteases as biochemical markers during mashing at 50 and 70°C, respectively, to select barley cultivars for beer production. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Proteolytic activity, which depends on activation and de novo synthesis of proteases in the aleurone layer of barley seeds, is crucial in beer production. Identifying new barley varieties that have optimal proteolytic activities is of great interest for genetic improvement programs. In this study, we propose the variety HV2005-19 as a genotype with Cys- and Ser-proteases activity similar to that from Metcalfe, which is a top variety in the brewing industry.

Mapeo cruzado de los factores relacionados y de riesgo de NANDA-I con la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades / Cross-mapping of Related and Risk Factors of NANDA-I with those of the International Classification of Diseases

Introducción: Enfermería desarrolla su actividad en un contexto multidisciplinar donde se mezclan la esfera autónoma y la de otros profesionales, y es de primordial la competencia diagnóstica. NANDA-International es la clasificación enfermera más utilizada; mientras que la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades es la de referencia para los problemas médicos. En ocasiones, los factores relacionados/riesgo de NANDA-International coinciden con diagnósticos médicos. Objetivo: Realizar mapeo cruzado entre NANDA-International y la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades. Métodos: Estudio observacional con distribución de frecuencias mediante mapeo cruzado identificando sinónimos o cuasi-sinónimos en ambas clasificaciones. Resultados: Se determinaron n = 1715 factores relacionados/riesgo, n = 1193 clasificados en una ocasión y n = 522 duplicados. Los factores genuinos y específicos fueron n = 1593 (52,16 por ciento); n = 1460 (47,84 por ciento) estaban también en la clasificación médica. Conclusiones: Algunos Dominios y clases NANDA-International muestran factores genuinos y específicos de la disciplina enfermera; otros están, además, en la clasificación médica, cuya resolución no es competencia autónoma enfermera. De esta manera, NANDA-International puede llegar a convertirse en un instrumento extenso y poco útil, con etiologías poco específicas. Se deben mejorar y potenciar contenidos relativos a metaparadigmas enfermeros para hacerse visible con entidad propia en los sistemas de salud(AU)

Introduction: Nursing develops its activity in a multidisciplinary setting where the autonomous sphere and that of other professionals are mixed, while diagnostic competence is paramount. NANDA-International is the most widely used nurse classification, while the International Classification of Diseases is the reference for medical problems. Occasionally, the related factors/risk of NANDA-International coincide with medical diagnoses. Objective: To carry out cross-mapping between NANDA-International and the International Classification of Diseases. Methods: Observational study with frequency distribution by cross-mapping and identifying synonyms or quasi-synonyms in both classifications. Results: We determined 1715 related factors/risk; 1193 were classified on one occasion and 522 were duplicated. The genuine and specific factors were 1593 (52.16 percent); 1460 (47.84 percent) were also in the medical classification. Conclusions: Some NANDA-International domains and classes show genuine and specific factors in the nursing discipline, while others are also in the medical classification, whose resolution is not autonomously a nursing competence. In this way, NANDA-International can become an extensive and unhelpful tool, with little specific etiologies. Content related to nursing metaparadigms must be improved and enhanced to become visible with their own entity in the health systems(AU)

[Results of a multidisciplinary program to quit smoking]. / Resultados de un programa multidisciplinario para el control del hábito tabáquico.

BACKGROUND: Therapies to quit smoking are based on counseling, psychological therapy (PT), nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion or varenidine. AIM: To report the results of a multidisciplinary program to quit smoking. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients aged l8 years or more, motivated to quit smoking were admitted in a program based in counseling and PT, with or without pharmacological therapy. They were assessed by telephone during one year of follow up. Patients with unstable psychiatric diseases were excluded. Results were considered as "successful" when patients maintained abstinence during the year of follow up. A logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with treatment success. RESULTS: Between 2005 and 2011, 198 patients aged 45 ± 11 years (56% males), who smoked 31.5 ± 20.6 packages/year, were treated. Of these, 155 (78%) were treated with varenidine, 26 (13%) with bupropion and 17 (9%>) did not receive pharmacological therapy. One hundred sixty eight patients completed the year of follow up. In 82 (49%>), treatment was successful and was negatively associated with a history of depression (odds ratio = 4 (95% confidence intervals 1.23-38.33). The main side effeets associated to varenidine and bupropion were nausea in 37 and 23%o, sleep disorders in 20 and 19%o and headache in 12 and 0%>, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A multidisciplinary program to quit smoking achieved a 49%> of abstinence during a year of follow up.

Resultados de un programa multidisciplinario para el control del hábito tabáquico / Results of a multidisciplinary program to quit smoking

Background: Therapies to quit smoking are based on counseling, psychological therapy (PT), nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion or varenidine. Aim: To report the results of a multidisciplinary program to quit smoking Material and Methods: Patients agedl8years or more, motivated to quit smoking were admitted in a program based in counseling and PT, with or without pharmacological therapy. They were assessed by telephone during one year offollow up. Patients with unstable psychiatric diseases were excluded. Results were considered as "successful" when patients maintained abstinence during the year offollow up. A logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with treatment success. Results: Between 2005 and 2011, 198 patients aged 45 ± 11 years (56% males), who smoked 31.5 ± 20.6 packages/year, were treated. Ofthese, 155 (78%) were treated with varenidine, 26 (13%) with bupropion and 17 (9%>) did not receive pharmacological therapy. One hundred sixty eightpatients completed the year offollow up. In 82 (49%>), treatment was successful and was negatively associated with a history of depression (odds ratio = 4 (95% confidence intervals 1.23-38.33). The main side effeets associated to varenidine and bupropion were nausea in 37 and 23%o, sleep disorders in 20 and 19%o and headache in 12 and 0%>, respectively Conclusions: A multidisciplinary program to quit smoking achieved a 49%> of abstinence during a year offollow up.

Single site venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as an alternative to invasive ventilation in post-pneumonectomy fistula with acute respiratory failure.

We report the use of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with a single dual lumen cannula in a 42-year-old patient suffering from a post-pneumonectomy fistula and severe respiratory insufficiency, avoiding the classical approach of invasive mechanical ventilation. We discussed the potential advantages of extracorporeal oxygenation as the main support in this particular clinical setting.

Evaluating the efficacy of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for generalized social anxiety disorder with blushing complaints: a comparison with sertraline and no treatment-santiago de chile 2003-2009.

OBJECTIVE: No study has yet compared the efficacy of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for treating facial blushing with other treatment or no treatment. We conducted a prospective, observational, open-label, clinical study to compare endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for blushing with generalized social anxiety disorder versus sertraline treatment and no treatment. METHOD: Three-hundred and thirty consecutive patients seeking treatment for their blushing were assessed by psychiatric interview and patient-rated scales. The Brief Social Phobia Scale was the primary outcome measure. Patients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for generalized social anxiety disorder, scoring 20 points or more in the Brief Social Phobia Scale and 19 points or more in the Social Phobia Inventory were considered eligible and followed up for a mean of 11 months (range 1-64) after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy or initiation of sertraline. RESULTS: At baseline, 97 percent of the endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy-treated group, 87 percent of the sertraline-treated group, and 78 percent of the nontreated group rated their blushing as being "severe" or "extreme." At follow up, 16 percent of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy-treated patients, 32 percent of sertraline-treated patients, and 57 percent of untreated patients reported this degree of blushing. At endpoint, Brief Social Phobia Scale total scores exhibited a greater decline with either treatment than with no treatment. Nonetheless, in comparison to no treatment, only the results obtained with endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy achieved statistical significance (p=0.003). Compensatory sweating occurred in 99 percent of patients who underwent endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. High degrees of satisfaction with treatment were reported by 89 percent of patients undergoing endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy and by 59 percent of patients taking medication. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy was associated to a greater reduction of blushing and Brief Social Phobia Scale scores, and higher degrees of satisfaction with treatment, in comparison to sertraline and no treatment.

[Fibrolamellar liver carcinoma: report of two cases and review of the literature]. / Carcinoma hepatocelular variedad fibrolamelar metastásico en menores de 20 años: Reporte de 2 casos tratados con intención curativa y revisión de la literatura.

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a rare histologic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma that appears most commonly in teenagers and young adults. The diagnosis is often made incidentally and surgical resection is the only curative treatment. Here we report two cases of incidental FLC involving a 19 year-old male, initially diagnosed with screening abdominal ultrasound, and a 14 year-old female that presented with abdominal pain. Diagnostic workup consisted of abdominal PET/CT and MR1 Imaging studies and tissue diagnosis was confirmed with percutaneous liver biopsy. Both patients were treated with radical liver resection/tumor excision. However, tumor recurrence was observed in both during short-term follow-up. The male patient was treated successfully with surgical treatment however the female patient succumbed top regression of disease.

Carcinoma hepatocelular variedad fibrolamelar metastásico en menores de 20 años: Reporte de 2 casos tratados con intención curativa y revisión de la literatura / Fibrolamellar liver carcinoma: Report of two cases

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a rare histologic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma that appears most commonly in teenagers and young adults. The diagnosis is often made incidentally and surgical resection is the only curative treatment. Here we report two cases of incidental FLC involving a 19 year-old male, initially diagnosed with screening abdominal ultrasound, and a 14 year-old female that presented with abdominal pain. Diagnostic workup consisted of abdominal PET/CT and MRI Imaging studies and tissue diagnosis was confirmed with percutaneous liver biopsy. Both patients were treated with radical liver resection/tumor excision. However, tumor recurrence was observed in both during short-term follow-up. The male patient was treated successfully with surgical treatment however the female patient succumbed top regression of disease.

The influence of poly(ethylene oxide) and illumination on the copper electrodeposition process onto n-Si(100).

In this study, we examined the influence of illumination and the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as an additive for the copper electrodeposition process onto n-Si(100). The study was carried out by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the potential steps method, from which the corresponding nucleation and growth mechanism (NGM) were determined. Likewise, a morphologic analysis of the deposits obtained at different potential values by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) was carried out. In a first stage, Mott-Schottky measurements so as to characterize the energetics of the semiconductor/electrolyte interface were made. Also, parallel capacity measurements were carried out in order to determine the surface state density of the substrate. It was found that when PEO concentration is increased, the number of these surface states decreases. The CV results indicated that the presence of PEO inhibits the photoelectrochemical reaction of oxide formation on the surface of the semiconductor. This allows a decrease in the overpotential associated with the electrodeposition process. The analysis of the j/t transients shows that the NGM corresponds to progressive three-dimensional (3D) diffusional controlled (PN3D(Diff)), which was confirmed by the AFM technique. Neither illumination nor the presence of PEO changes the mechanisms. Their influence is in that they diminish the size of the nuclei and the speed with which these are formed, which produces a more homogeneous electrodeposit.

Temas de sexualidad que preguntan adolescentes a través de la prensa / Subjects of sexuality that adolescents through the press ask

Estudio descriptivo de 870 preguntas de adolescentes, sobre sexualidad y reproducción recibidas en el suplemento dominical Vida Afectiva y Sexual, del Diario la Cuarta de Santiago y reagrupadas en 10 grandes temas. Fueron 57,8 por ciento mujeres y 42,2 por ciento varones, sin diferencias por edad. Para el análisis se aplico el test de Chi cuadrado y análisis multinominal. Los temas más consultados: Relaciones Sexuales, Anatomía relacionada al sexo, Homosexualidad e ITS, Embarazo en Adolescentes y Masturbación. Los/las adolescentes menores preguntan más sobre Masturbación y Desarrollo Puberal y los/las adolescentes mayores en Anticoncepción. No hubo tendencia por edad en los temas de Relaciones Sexuales, Embarazo, Relaciones Afectivas y Familiares y Homosexualidad e ITS. Los varones preguntan significativamente más sobre Masturbación, Anatomía relacionada al Sexo y Homosexualidad e ITS. Las mujeres preguntan más de Relaciones sexuales, Embarazo y Relaciones Afectivas y Familiares. No hubo diferencias por Regiones. De los Subtemas de Relaciones Sexuales los más consultados fueron: Inicio Sexual relacionado con el Desarrollo Puberal, Dispareunia y Anorgasmia. Hubo tendencia a mayor edad por la inquietud acerca de Dispareunia y Anorgasmia. En conclusión se confirma la urgencia de desarrollar programas de educación sexual en el Sector Público y capacitar a los docentes, padres y apoderados para satisfacer las necesidades de las/los adolescentes. La educación debe ser impartida por igual a hombres y mujeres, considerando algunos temas en complejidad creciente en relación a la edad.

Surgical treatment of multirresistant lung tuberculosis

The medical treatment of tuberculosis with chemotherapy has a rate of failure near 2 por cento, associated with drugs resistance of first, second and third line regimens. In such cases, lung resection plays a significant role as an adjuvant method in treating it by resection of localized lesions, so is possible to decrease the pool of bacilli and then improve the drug response. In a retrospective review of 139 patients with multirresistant pulmonary tuberculosis between 1980 and 1990 32 cases were operated on. There were 17 men and 15 women all of them infected by mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to rifampin and isoniazid. The resections performed were: pneumonectomy in 14 cases, lobectomy in 13 and segmentectomy in 5. The operative mortality was 6.2 por cento. The postoperative follow-up to 18 months showed a negative sputum culture in 90 por cento of the survivors and the others relapsed after the initial conversion. The results of this study show a high rate of conversion in patients with multiresistant tuberculosis treated with resective lung surgery

Transplante pulmonar y cardiopulmonar / Pulmonary and cardiopulmonary transplantation

Los transplantes pulmonares y cardiopulmonares han logrado grandes avances en esta década, luego del advenimiento de la ciclosporina, inmunosupresor selectivo de los linfocitos T, que ha cambiado radicalmente el pronóstico de los transplantes de órganos. Los trabajos publicados por las Universidades de Stanford y Pittsburg y por grupos europeos, han demostrado la ulilidad y el éxito alcanzado con los transplantes cardiopulmonares en block; en patologías como: enfisema pulmonar, hipertensión pulmonar primaria o secundaria, fibrosis quística, sarcoidosis, linfangioleiomiomatosis, defectos del septo interventricular o interatrial y granuloma eosinófilo, generalmente realizados en pacientes con cor pulmonar y en capacidad funcional IV. Las publicaciones recientes del grupo de Toronto abren nuevas expectativas para el transplante pulmonar aislado, que debe restringirse a pacientes portadores de fibrosis pulmonar sin cor pulmonale. Los resultados logrados por éstos grupos son excelentes, con relativamente baja mortalidad precoz y excelente sobrevida y calidad de vida, pues todos los pacientes transplantados llegan a capacidad funcional I