RESUMEN
ABSTRACT Studies of the successive application of manure as fertilizer and its combined effect with long-term soil management systems are important to the identification of the interdependence of physical attributes. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the physical properties of a Rhodic Kandiudox under management systems employing successive applications of pig slurry and poultry litter, and select physical indicators that distinguish these systems using canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). The systems consisting of treatments including land use, management and the application time of organic fertilizers are described as follows: silage maize under no-tillage (NT-M7 years); silage maize under conventional tillage (CT-M20 years); annual pasture with chisel plowing (CP-P3 years); annual pasture with chisel plowing (CP-P15 years); perennial pasture without tillage (NT-PP20 years); and no-tillage yerba mate (NT-YM20 years) and were compared with native forest (NF) and native pasture (NP). Soil samples were collected from the layers at the following depths: 0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20 m, and were analyzed for bulk density, porosity, aggregation, flocculation, penetration resistance, water availability and total clay content. Canonical discriminant analysis was an important tool in the study of physical indicators of soil quality. Organic fertilization, along with soil management, influences soil structure and its porosity. Total porosity was the most important physical property in the distinction of areas with management systems and application times of manure for the 0.0-0.05 and 0.10-0.20 m layers. Soil aeration and micropores differentiated areas in the 0.05-0.10 m layer. Animal trampling and machinery traffic were the main factors inducing compaction of this clayey soil.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT Studies of the successive application of manure as fertilizer and its combined effect with long-term soil management systems are important to the identification of the interdependence of physical attributes. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the physical properties of a Rhodic Kandiudox under management systems employing successive applications of pig slurry and poultry litter, and select physical indicators that distinguish these systems using canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). The systems consisting of treatments including land use, management and the application time of organic fertilizers are described as follows: silage maize under no-tillage (NT-M7 years); silage maize under conventional tillage (CT-M20 years); annual pasture with chisel plowing (CP-P3 years); annual pasture with chisel plowing (CP-P15 years); perennial pasture without tillage (NT-PP20 years); and no-tillage yerba mate (NT-YM20 years) and were compared with native forest (NF) and native pasture (NP). Soil samples were collected from the layers at the following depths: 0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20 m, and were analyzed for bulk density, porosity, aggregation, flocculation, penetration resistance, water availability and total clay content. Canonical discriminant analysis was an important tool in the study of physical indicators of soil quality. Organic fertilization, along with soil management, influences soil structure and its porosity. Total porosity was the most important physical property in the distinction of areas with management systems and application times of manure for the 0.0-0.05 and 0.10-0.20 m layers. Soil aeration and micropores differentiated areas in the 0.05-0.10 m layer. Animal trampling and machinery traffic were the main factors inducing compaction of this clayey soil.
RESUMEN
The objective of this work was to evaluate the grapevine nutrition and its relation with some soil chemical attributes. The study was carried out in São Joaquim, SC, Southern of Brazil, in a commercial vineyards using Cabernet Sauvignon cv. grafted on Paulsen 1103 rootstock. Soil and plant tissue samples were collected in 21 plots of 240 m2 each, containing four sub plots. The soil chemical attributes evaluated were pH, total acidity (H+Al), organic mater, total N, extractable P and K, and exchangeable Ca, Mg and Al. In tissue were evaluated N, P, K, Ca and Mg. There were differences among blots with regard to soil chemical attributes and the contents of nutrient in both leaves and petioles. The soil presented very high values for organic mater, extractable K and exchangeable Ca and Mg. The contents of N in the petioles and the Ca in both leaves and petioles were below to the intermediate range, according Comissão de Química e Fertilidade do Solo do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina. The contents of K and the K/Mg ratio in leaves and petioles were above the sufficiency range. There was association between the soil nutrients availability and their contents in the leaves, especially a negatives linear correlation between soil exchangeable K and contents of Mg in the leaves and between soil exchangeable Mg and K in the leaves, confirming the antagonic relationships between these
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o estado nutricional de vinhedos cultivados em locais de altitude acima de 1000 m e sua relação com atributos químicos do solo. O estudo foi realizado em São Joaquim, SC, em vinhedos comerciais da cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon, enxertada sobre porta-enxerto Paulsen 1103. As amostras de solo e tecido vegetal foram coletadas em 21 locais, em parcelas de 240 m2, compostas por quatro subparcelas. Os atributos químicos do solo avaliados foram: pH, H+Al, MO e N total, P e K extraíveis, Ca, Mg e Al trocáveis. No tecido foram analisados N, P, K, Ca e Mg. As parcelas apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si nos atributos químicos do solo e teores de nutrientes nas folhas e pecíolos. Os teores de MO, K extraível, Ca e Mg trocáveis do solo se situaram em faixas altas. Observou-se que os teores de N nos pecíolos e de Ca nas folhas e pecíolos se encontraram abaixo da faixa média, conforme a Comissão de Química e Fertilidade do Solo do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina. Entretanto, os teores de K e a relação K/Mg nas folhas e pecíolos situaram-se acima dessa faixa, enquanto os demais nutrientes estavam dentro da faixa considerada normal. Observou-se associação entre teores dos nutrientes no solo e no tecido foliar, destacando-se a correlação linear negativa entre o teor de K extraível e o teor de Mg no tecido, assim como, entre o teor de Mg trocáve
RESUMEN
The objective of this work was to evaluate the grapevine nutrition and its relation with some soil chemical attributes. The study was carried out in São Joaquim, SC, Southern of Brazil, in a commercial vineyards using Cabernet Sauvignon cv. grafted on Paulsen 1103 rootstock. Soil and plant tissue samples were collected in 21 plots of 240 m2 each, containing four sub plots. The soil chemical attributes evaluated were pH, total acidity (H+Al), organic mater, total N, extractable P and K, and exchangeable Ca, Mg and Al. In tissue were evaluated N, P, K, Ca and Mg. There were differences among blots with regard to soil chemical attributes and the contents of nutrient in both leaves and petioles. The soil presented very high values for organic mater, extractable K and exchangeable Ca and Mg. The contents of N in the petioles and the Ca in both leaves and petioles were below to the intermediate range, according Comissão de Química e Fertilidade do Solo do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina. The contents of K and the K/Mg ratio in leaves and petioles were above the sufficiency range. There was association between the soil nutrients availability and their contents in the leaves, especially a negatives linear correlation between soil exchangeable K and contents of Mg in the leaves and between soil exchangeable Mg and K in the leaves, confirming the antagonic relationships between these
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o estado nutricional de vinhedos cultivados em locais de altitude acima de 1000 m e sua relação com atributos químicos do solo. O estudo foi realizado em São Joaquim, SC, em vinhedos comerciais da cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon, enxertada sobre porta-enxerto Paulsen 1103. As amostras de solo e tecido vegetal foram coletadas em 21 locais, em parcelas de 240 m2, compostas por quatro subparcelas. Os atributos químicos do solo avaliados foram: pH, H+Al, MO e N total, P e K extraíveis, Ca, Mg e Al trocáveis. No tecido foram analisados N, P, K, Ca e Mg. As parcelas apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si nos atributos químicos do solo e teores de nutrientes nas folhas e pecíolos. Os teores de MO, K extraível, Ca e Mg trocáveis do solo se situaram em faixas altas. Observou-se que os teores de N nos pecíolos e de Ca nas folhas e pecíolos se encontraram abaixo da faixa média, conforme a Comissão de Química e Fertilidade do Solo do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina. Entretanto, os teores de K e a relação K/Mg nas folhas e pecíolos situaram-se acima dessa faixa, enquanto os demais nutrientes estavam dentro da faixa considerada normal. Observou-se associação entre teores dos nutrientes no solo e no tecido foliar, destacando-se a correlação linear negativa entre o teor de K extraível e o teor de Mg no tecido, assim como, entre o teor de Mg trocáve