How organizational citizenship behavior is promoted among nurses: A moderated mediation model.

BACKGROUND: Health care environment relies to a great extent on positive nursing behaviors. So in this study, individual difference factors were taken into account in explaining organizational citizenship behavior by integrating trait theory, conservation of resource theory, and affective event theory. OBJECTIVE: The present study examines whether work burnout mediates the relationship between the extraversion trait and organizational citizenship behavior, then investigating whether the mediating effect is moderated by emotional contagion. METHOD: The study employs cross-sectional design and questionnaire-based survey was used to collect the data from 311 nurses working in private hospitals. RESULTS: The findings reveals that extraversion trait is positively related to organizational citizenship behavior. Then, work burnout partially mediates the relationship between extraversion and organizational citizenship behavior. Further, moderated mediation analysis discloses the indirect effect of extraversion on organizational citizenship behavior through work burnout is a decreasing function of emotional contagion. CONCLUSION: The study reports extravert nurses are likely to exhibit more organizational citizenship behavior through reduced work burnout. However, nurses should maintain low level of emotional contagion to have stronger mediating effects. Training should be provided to nursing staff to understand and handle the level of emotional contagion exist among them unconsciously.

Morphological analysis of pressure wave in the arterial tree with stenosis - a modeling approach.

This paper describes the morphological changes in peripheral signals due to arterial diseases with various severity conditions and site of stenosis using modeling approaches, and its effect in the morphological parameters of radial artery. As stenosis induces abrupt change in geometry and elastic properties of arterial tree (constitutes major reflection sites), hybrid model is well suited for studying the changes in shape of the pressure and flow wave transmitted through the stenosis. These morphological changes in wave shape of peripheral signal have significant diagnostic value in both modern and traditional medicine systems. It can be used for the quantitative assessment of the severity of the arterial diseases.

Hybrid cardiopulmonary model for analysis of valsalva maneuver with radial artery pulse.

A comprehensive model, which has the advantages of both lumped parameter and distributed parameter, has been developed with the objective of investigating the respiratory influences in radial artery pressure pulse as in photoplethysmography (PPG). It integrates lumped parameter cardiopulmonary (CP) model and transmission line arterial tree model from aorta to radial artery. The cardio-pulmonary interaction is realized by incorporating respiratory-induced variations in intrapleural pressure (Ppl) in circulatory system. The PPG signal of the model is considered as the radial artery pulse. To investigate the interaction Valsalva Maneuver (VM) condition has been simulated for different Ppl magnitude (10, 20, 30, and 40 mmHg) and for different time duration (5, 10, 15, and 20 s), and validated with PPG signal recorded in 10 normal subjects performing VM. The effects of test duration and VM pressure are studied in both the simulation and the experiments with specific focus on the maximal (%∆) changes in Heart Rate (HR), and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) during phases II and IV of VM. The correlation coefficients derived from model result have good agreement with experimental results. As radial artery pulse plays important role in both allopathy and alternate medicine systems, this model can serve to study its clinical importance in detecting cardiac and respiratory pathologies.

Effect of upper arm cuff pressure on pulse morphology using photoplethysmography.

Study of Arterial pressure and flow variation when external pressure applied is critical in understanding clinical relevance of pulse. We propose a distributed model of entire human arterial tree to describe the hemodynamic changes due to pressure applied on the brachial artery. Input to this distributed model is from a four element Windkessel model. We measured the blood volume during brachial occlusion in six healthy subjects using finger photoplethysmography (PPG). We analyzed the morphological changes in both the model and the experiment. We found that both the model pressure pulse and the finger volume pulse morphology changing with the applied pressure. We calculated the normalized values of pulse height, maximum systolic slope, maximum diastolic slope and peak to peak interval (PPI) for each beat. Mean values of all the morphological parameters show an initial rise and in the model the maximum occurs at 60-80mmHg while in the experiments it occurs at 40mmHg. The predicted model parameters are positively correlated with measured parameters (for maximum systolic slope r = 0.54; for maximum diastolic slope r = 0.77; for pulse height r = 0.89 when P < 0.05). The PPI variation is different for each subject reflecting the reflex properties of the individual. Variable elastance and reflex system should be incorporated in the model to accurately predict the experimental results.