RESUMEN
Lung cancer has been one of the major cancers leading to mortalities worldwide. In addition to smoking, estrogen is considered to play an important role in the lung cancer development because women have a higher proportion of adenocarcinoma than men. In the environment, there are many metabolites and waste products that mimic human estrogen structurally and functionally. 17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2) which is used as an oral contraceptive is released into wastewater after being utilized. Moreover, 4-nonylphenol (NP) which is found in the petrochemical products and air pollutants reveals estrogenic activity. In the present study, 17ß-estradiol (E2), EE2, and NP are administered to stimulate male lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) and female lung adenocarcinoma cells (H1435). The results demonstrate that EE2 and NP stimulate A549 and H1435â¯cells proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Both estrogen receptors α and ß are simultaneously activated. In response to estrogens, up-regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression occurs. In conclusion, this is the first study to report that EE2 and NP exert a biotoxic effect to stimulate the proliferation of both male and female lung cancer cell in a dose- and time- dependent manner. The environmental hormones posing new challenges for lung cancer deserve further investigation.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/patología , Estrógenos/farmacología , Etinilestradiol/farmacología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Fenoles/farmacología , Células A549 , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Estradiol/metabolismo , Estradiol/farmacología , Congéneres del Estradiol/metabolismo , Congéneres del Estradiol/farmacología , Estrógenos/metabolismo , Etinilestradiol/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
AIM: The pathophysiology of adhesive capsulitis (AC) is uncertain. We noted patients with gout seemed to have higher incidence rates of AC than other people in our clinic. We did not know the true relationship between gout and AC because there are no published reports so far. The aim of this study is to verify the risk of developing AC following gout exposure. METHOD: The authors used the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan to select 39 094 subjects with newly diagnosed gout and randomly extracted 78 188 matched control subjects. All of the subjects in study and control groups were followed until the event of AC. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to evaluate the subsequent risk of AC. RESULTS: There was significance since the 8th year of tracking that patients with gout had a higher risk for AC (log-rank test P < .001). Cox regression showed the adjusted hazard ratio of developing AC for patients with gout was 1.71 (95% CI = 1.451-2.565, P < .001) than the control group. Stratified analysis showed that gout patients have a higher risk for AC regardless of diabetes mellitus, stroke or carotid artery disease (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that gout is an independent risk factor for developing AC.
Asunto(s)
Bursitis/epidemiología , Gota/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Bursitis/diagnóstico , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Gota/diagnóstico , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Taiwán/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The mortality rate of cerebellar hemorrhage (CH) is generally higher than other types of intracranial hemorrhage. Recently, the increased survey rate of CH has come from improved clinical imaging and earlier surgical intervention. Hence, the predictors of intermittent- (1 to 6 months) and long-term (> 6 months) mortality are clinically practical use for educational and therapeutic decisions. Unfortunately, the factors predictive mortality within six-month had not yet been systematically investigated. METHODS: Seventy-two patients with acute spontaneous CH were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the six-month mortality group (n = 21, died within 6 months after CH onset) and survival group (n = 51, survived beyond 6 months). The independent predictors of six-month mortality were investigated by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: The radiological brainstem compression (hazard ratios = 23.5; p < 0.001) was independent predictor of mortality within six-month after CH onset. The median onset time of six-month mortality was 5 days in patients with brainstem compression (p < 0.001) and the hazard ratios for the onset time was 13.1 compared with those without brainstem compression (95% CI, 4.7 to 36.3, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We report the first study that radiological brainstem compression predicted the mortality within six-month after onset of CH. Patients with radiological brainstem compression were about 23 times more likely to die within 6 months after CH than those without radiological brainstem compression.
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Enfermedades Cerebelosas/mortalidad , Hemorragias Intracraneales/mortalidad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedades Cerebelosas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cerebelosas/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Hemorragias Intracraneales/diagnóstico , Hemorragias Intracraneales/etiología , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the therapeutic efficiency of ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment of the median nerve in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blinded study. Forty-four patients with CTS were randomized into intervention or control groups. Patients in the intervention group were treated with PRF and night splint, and the control group was prescribed night splint alone. Primary outcome was the onset time of significant pain relief assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), and secondary outcomes included evaluation of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ) results, cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve, sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of the median nerve, and finger pinch strength. All outcome measurements were performed at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients completed the study. The onset time of pain relief in the intervention group was significantly shorter (median onset time of 2 days vs. 14 days; hazard ratio = 7.37; 95% CI, 3.04-17.87) compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Significant improvement in VAS and BCTQ scores (p < 0.05) was detected in the intervention group at all follow-up periods compared to the controls (except for the severity subscale of BCTQ at week 1). Ultrasound-guided PRF treatment resulted in a lower VAS score and stronger finger pinch compared to the control group over the entire study. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that ultrasound-guided PRF serves as a better approach for pain relief in patients with CTS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02217293.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome del Túnel Carpiano/terapia , Tratamiento de Radiofrecuencia Pulsada , Síndrome del Túnel Carpiano/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ultrasonografía IntervencionalRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The importance of coagulation, hematology, and biochemical variables have been investigated in the stroke population but have not been systemically surveyed in cerebellar hemorrhage (CH) population. The aim of the study was to explore the predictive value of these factors for early outcome in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty patients with acute spontaneous CH were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and laboratory data were collected on admission for analysis. The patients were divided by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score at discharge into the good outcome group (GOS score 4 or 5) and the poor outcome group (GOS score 1, 2, or 3). The association between early outcome and clinical or laboratory variables were investigated by binary logistic regression. RESULTS: There were 46 (57.5%) patients in the poor outcome group and 34 (42.5%) in the good outcome group. The platelet count (PC) was significantly lower in the poor outcome group (187.3 ± 53.0 × 10(9)/l) compared with good outcome group (244.9 ± 63.9 × 10(9)/l) (p < 0.001). Moreover, PC (OR 0.97; p = 0.004) was the strong predictor with poor early outcome. CONCLUSIONS: We firstly show that lower PC is the independent predictor for poor early outcome in patients with spontaneous CH.