RESUMEN
Microglia-mediated inflammatory responses have been shown to play a crucial role in Parkinson's disease. In addition, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have shown anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of a variety of diseases. However, whether they can protect neurons in Parkinson's disease by inhibiting microglia-mediated inflammatory responses is not yet known. In this study, exosomes were isolated from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and injected into a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease. We found that the exosomes injected through the tail vein and lateral ventricle were absorbed by dopaminergic neurons and microglia on the affected side of the brain, where they repaired nigral-striatal dopamine system damage and inhibited microglial activation. Furthermore, in an in vitro cell model, pretreating lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells with exosomes reduced interleukin-1ß and interleukin-18 secretion, prevented the adoption of pyroptosis-associated morphology by BV2 cells, and increased the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells. Potential targets for treatment with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes were further identified by high-throughput microRNA sequencing and protein spectrum sequencing. Our findings suggest that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes are a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease, and that their neuroprotective effects may be mediated by inhibition of excessive microglial proliferation.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the pedicle submental island flap (SIF) can be safely used in the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) patients with pathologically node-positive (pN+) neck, especially pN+ at level I. METHODS: Retrospectively, 101 OTSCC patients with SIF reconstruction were enrolled. Oncological outcomes included the total locoregional recurrence, the SIF related locoregional recurrence (SRLR) which referred to the local recurrence at flap and ipsilateral neck recurrence at level I, recurrence free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and disease specific survival (DSS). RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were pathologically node-negative (pN0) and 40 were pN+. Thirteen patients experienced locoregional recurrence, of which 5 had a SRLR. The pN+ group had a significantly higher locoregional recurrence rate, lower 5-year RFS, OS and DSS than pN0 group (P < 0.05). Patients with pN0 had a significantly higher neck RFS when compared to those with pN+ either at level I (P = 0.005) or at other levels (P < 0.001). However, the neck RFS was similar between the two subgroups of pN+ (P = 0.550). Especially, patients with pN+ at level I had a significantly higher SRLR rate (P = 0.006) compared to those with pN0 at level I. Multivariate analysis showed that pN+ was an unfavorable factor for tumor recurrence and OS. CONCLUSION: Our data did not support the use of SIF in OTSCC patients with pN+ neck at level I due to an significantly increased SRLR rate compared to those with pN0 neck at level I.
