Characterization of bacterial microbiota diversity in Tibetan pigs fed with green forage in Linzhi of the Tibet autonomous region.

The acute shortage of forage resources is a serious problem for Tibetan pigs in the Tibet region, and the composition of feed can change the structure of the intestinal flora. This study first reported the effect of Alfalfa and Chenopodium glaucum feeding on the microbial diversity in Tibetan pigs, contributing to the forage exploitation of Tibetan pigs in the Tibet region.

PO-10 - Lung cancer with tumour thrombosis: a poor prognosticator.

INTRODUCTION: Literature has reported tumour thrombus along the inferior vena cava as a result of underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or along the portal vein from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, tumor thrombus is a rather uncommon complication of a metastatic tumour deposit in the superior vena cava in lung adenocarcinoma. Detection of tumour thrombus at the time of cancer diagnosis is a significant predictor of morbidity and mortality. Unlike RCC with vena caval extension where surgical resection provides meaningful long term survival, lung adenocarcinoma with vena cava involvement has a very dismal outcome. AIM: We discuss a rare case of a tumor thrombus secondary to a lung malignancy, the differentiation between a tumor and a bland thrombus and the rationale behind treatment of the tumor thrombus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report a case of a 77 year-old male who presented with right sided chest pain and was subsequently found to have a right upper lobe lung mass. The lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of a adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography scans for staging detected focal destruction of the right second rib and tumour thombus in the superior vena cava with partial extension to the left brachiocephalic vein. No other metastases were noted. The patient received chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin for the stage IV lung adenocarcinoma. He was also started on subcutaneous heparin for tumour thrombus. However, the patient died of pneumonia eight weeks later. RESULTS: A review of literature did not show effective treatment for tumour thrombus. Pathogenesis of tumour thrombus is unclear, however several theories have been postulated for the formation of tumour thrombus; it could result from the direct invasion by tumour resulting in epithelial damage or because of formation of tumour thrombus on top of bland thrombosis, related to cancer hypercoagulability. Irrespective of etiology, tumour thrombus itself being a thrombophilic condition should be treated with anticoagulation, however the mainstay of treatment is treating the underlying cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Adenocarcinoma of the lung with tumour thrombus significantly alter prognosis although the individual's Karnofsky performance scale and response to treatment play a major role in determining life expectancy. Further studies need to be done to address the preferred modality and duration of anticoagulation for tumor thrombus.

[Injury severity score (ISS) in evaluation of patients with multiple injuries].

Since there are short comings in injury severity score (ISS) for evaluation of multiple injuries. We modified it 482 cases by expanding the 3 injury sites of 3 main areas of ISS to 7 injury sites in 4 areas. Comparison of the two scores showed that in ISS, only 72.84% of the injuries were shown and in the modified about 97.56%. Statistical analysis and clinical observations indicated that that RISS is accurate in evaluating patients with multiple injuries.

Solid-phase synthesis of oligoribonucleotides using 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) for 5'-hydroxyl protection.

Efficient solid-phase synthesis of a series of oligoribonucleotides of up to 20 residues is described that utilises the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group (Fmoc) for 5'-protection and 4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl (Mthp) for 2'-protection of ribonucleotide monomers and a phosphoramidite coupling procedure. The Fmoc group is removed after each coupling step by treatment with 0.1M DBU in acetonitrile. Oligoribonucleotides are isolated in 2'-protected form in good yield and shown to be readily and efficiently deprotected by mild acidic treatment.

Solid-phase synthesis of oligoribonucleotides.

An efficient method is described for solid-phase synthesis of oligoribonucleotides that involves use of the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group (Fmoc) for 5'-protection, 4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl (Mthp) for 2'-protection and a phosphoramidite coupling procedure.

Novel solution conformation of DNA observed in d(GAATTCGAATTC) by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.

Resonance assignments of nonexchangeable base and sugar protons of the self-complementary dodecanucleotide d(GAATTCGAATTC) have been obtained by using the two-dimensional Fourier transform NMR methods correlated spectroscopy and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy. Conformational details about the sugar pucker, the glycosidic dihedral angle, and the overall secondary structure of the molecule have been derived from the relative intensities of cross peaks in the two-dimensional NMR spectra in aqueous solution. It is observed that d(GAATTCGAATTC) assumes a novel double-helical structure. The solution conformations of the two complementary strands are identical, unlike those observed in a related sequence in the solid state. Most of the five-membered sugar rings adopt an unusual O1'-endo geometry. All the glycosidic dihedral angles are in the anti domain. The AATT segments A2-T5 and A8-T11 show better stacking compared to the rest of the molecule. These features fit into a right-handed DNA model for the above two segments, with the sugar geometries different from the conventional ones. There are important structural variations in the central TCG portion, which is known to show preferences for DNase I activity, and between G1-A2 and G7-A8, which are cleavage points in the EcoRI recognition sequence. The sugar puckers for G1 and G7 are significantly different from the rest of the molecule. Further, in the three segments mentioned above, the sugar phosphate geometry is such that the distances between protons on adjacent nucleotides are much larger than those expected for a right-handed DNA. We suggest that such crevices in the DNA structure may act as "hot points" in initiation of protein recognition.

A novel structure observed in d-GAATTCCCGAATTC by 2D NMR.

Sequential resonance assignments of the non exchangeable base and sugar protons in d-GAATTCCCGAATTC have been obtained using two dimensional NMR experiments at 500 MHz. The chemical shifts and the NOEs have been used to determine the structure in the base-pair mismatch region which is located in the central portion of the molecule. It is observed that the molecule adopts a novel unsymmetrical loop structure in this section which is characterised by sugar geometries which are significantly different compared to the rest of the molecular. The base-paired portion of the molecule conforms to a right handed B-DNA type of structure.