Geographical adaptability for optimizing the recommendation of soybean cultivars in the Brazilian Cerrado.

Yield multi-location trials associated to geostatistical techniques with environmental covariables can provide a better understanding of G x E interactions and, consequently, adaptation limits of soybean cultivars. Thus, the main objective of this study is understanding the environmental covariables effects on soybean adaptation, as well as predicting the adaptation of soybean under environmental variations and then recommend each soybean cultivar to favorable environments aiming maximize the average yield. The trials were carried out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replicates over three years, in 28 locations. Thirty-two genotypes (commercial and pre-commercial) representing different maturity groups (7.5-8.5) were evaluated in each trial were covering the Edaphoclimatic Region (REC) 401, 402 and 403. The covariables adopted as environmental descriptors were accumulated rainfall, minimum temperature, mean temperature, maximum temperature, photoperiod, relative humidity, soil clay content, soil water avaibility and altitude. After fitting means through Mixed Linear Model, the Regression-Kriging procedure was applied to spacialize the grain yield using environmental covariables as predictors. The covariables explained 32.54% of the GxE interaction, being the soil water avaibility the most important to the adaptation of soybean cultivars, contributing with 7.80%. Yield maps of each cultivar were obtained and, hence, the yield maximization map based on cultivar recommendation was elaborated.

Production components of agroindustrial interest of sugarcane varieties under subsurface drip irrigation in semiarid conditions

The identification of promising commercial varieties for irrigated crops in semiarid conditions based on characters of interest to sugarcane agro-industries is important, considering the search for high sugarcane yields to obtain sustainable crops. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate production components of agroindustrial interest of different sugarcane varieties grown under subsurface drip irrigation in the Semiarid region of Brazil, during two crop cycles. A randomized block experimental design was used, in an 8×2 factorial arrangement (varieties and cycles) with three replications. The sugarcane juice quality, sugar yield, and culm yield were evaluated in each cycle. Gross sugar percentage, sugarcane culm yield, juice apparent sucrose content, and juice purity were affected by the crop cycles. Soluble solids content presented strong significant correlation with most variables of agroindustrial interest. The path coefficient analysis showed that juice apparent sucrose content was the explanatory character with higher direct effect on soluble solids and that this variable presented high indirect effects on most explanatory variables. The sugarcane varieties RB72454 and Q124 are recommended for production managements with drip irrigation under semiarid conditions. Soluble solids content can be used as an alternative for direct selection of varieties with higher sugar yields in different cycles.(AU)

Baking Process Effects and Combined Cowpea Flour and Sorghum Bran on Functional Properties of Gluten-Free Cookies.

Gluten-related disorders, including celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity, are growing worldwide. The only treatment for both disorders is a lifelong gluten-free diet. However, gluten-free foods are generally poorer in nutrients, less healthy, and have a high cost. Sorghum and cowpea are gluten-free grains with high levels of phenolic compounds (PC) and a low cost. Their phenolic profile is structurally different; thus, the blend of both can provide synergistic/complementary health benefits to the final product. This study analyzed the effect of baking process and the blend of cowpea flour (CP) and sorghum bran (SB) on the levels of PC, resistant starch (RS), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and antioxidant capacity (AC) of gluten-free cookies. Eleven rice or cowpea cookie formulations were made with or without white sorghum bran (WSB) or black sorghum bran (BSB). Baking increased the extractability of PC, AC, and the NDF of almost all formulations. The PC and AC were, respectively, about twice and 3-5 times higher in cookies containing BSB compared to the others. There was a minor effect of WSB on the PC and AC. Although there were losses, the retention of RS of cookies after the baking process was between 49.8 and 92.7%. Sorghum bran has excellent potential for use as a functional ingredient in healthy food production. The combined CP and SB have great potential to improve the nutritional and functional properties of gluten-free products, especially the PC, RS, and NDF contents.

Performance agronômica de híbridos de sorgo granífero estimada pelo método GGE biplot / Agronomic performance of granifero sorghum hybrids estimated by GGE Biplot method

Uma grande vantagem do sorgo é sua característica xerófita, o que lhe atribui um potencial, como sucessão às culturas de verão, na produção de grãos, sendo fundamental a utilização de híbridos adaptados aos diferentes ambientes de cultivo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi gerar parâmetros a respeito da capacidade adaptativa de híbridos de sorgo granífero pelo método GGE biplot. Os ensaios foram conduzidos, na safrinha de 2017, em sistema de plantio direto, em quatro ambientes, Rio Verde, Sete Lagoas, Teresina e Sinop. Todos os ensaios foram conduzidos, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições e trinta e seis híbridos. Foram avaliadas as características: florescimento, altura de plantas e produtividade de grãos. Os dados foram submetidos às análises de variância individuais e conjunta, aplicado posteriormente o critério de agrupamento de Scott-Knott e estimados os parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Os híbridos promissores quanto às características avaliadas e em função dos parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade foram 1610001, 1610006, 1610051 e o 1G100.

A great advantage of sorghum it its xerophytic characteristics, which gives the potential, as a succession to summer crops in grain production. Therefore, it is fundamental to choose cultivars adapted and productive to different growing conditions. The objective of this study was to provide information about adaptive capacity of sorghum hybrids by the GGE biplot method. The trials were conducted, in 2017 as a second crop, no-tillage system, in four environments: Rio Verde, Sete Lagoas, Teresina and Sinop. All trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and thirty-six hybrids. The characteristics of flowering, plant height and grain yield were evaluated. It was realized individual and joint analyses of variance, after applied Scott-Knott grouping criterion and estimated the parameters of adaptability and stability. Promising hybrids for the characteristics evaluated and according to the adaptability and stability parameters were 1610001, 1610006, 1610051 and 1G100.

Performance agronômica de híbridos de sorgo granífero estimada pelo método GGE biplot / Agronomic performance of granifero sorghum hybrids estimated by GGE Biplot method

Uma grande vantagem do sorgo é sua característica xerófita, o que lhe atribui um potencial, como sucessão às culturas de verão, na produção de grãos, sendo fundamental a utilização de híbridos adaptados aos diferentes ambientes de cultivo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi gerar parâmetros a respeito da capacidade adaptativa de híbridos de sorgo granífero pelo método GGE biplot. Os ensaios foram conduzidos, na safrinha de 2017, em sistema de plantio direto, em quatro ambientes, Rio Verde, Sete Lagoas, Teresina e Sinop. Todos os ensaios foram conduzidos, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições e trinta e seis híbridos. Foram avaliadas as características: florescimento, altura de plantas e produtividade de grãos. Os dados foram submetidos às análises de variância individuais e conjunta, aplicado posteriormente o critério de agrupamento de Scott-Knott e estimados os parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Os híbridos promissores quanto às características avaliadas e em função dos parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade foram 1610001, 1610006, 1610051 e o 1G100.(AU)

A great advantage of sorghum it its xerophytic characteristics, which gives the potential, as a succession to summer crops in grain production. Therefore, it is fundamental to choose cultivars adapted and productive to different growing conditions. The objective of this study was to provide information about adaptive capacity of sorghum hybrids by the GGE biplot method. The trials were conducted, in 2017 as a second crop, no-tillage system, in four environments: Rio Verde, Sete Lagoas, Teresina and Sinop. All trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and thirty-six hybrids. The characteristics of flowering, plant height and grain yield were evaluated. It was realized individual and joint analyses of variance, after applied Scott-Knott grouping criterion and estimated the parameters of adaptability and stability. Promising hybrids for the characteristics evaluated and according to the adaptability and stability parameters were 1610001, 1610006, 1610051 and 1G100.(AU)

Genetic divergence of strawberry cultivars under different managements / Divergência genética de cultivares de morango em diferentes manejos

Developing strawberry cultivars that can be grown on a large scale, it is necessary to gather desirable characteristics such as: tolerance to Tetranychus urticae, high fruit yield and wide adaptability to several cropping managements. Therefore, our objective was to study the genetic diversity among 13 strawberry cultivars under different managements and to recommend promising crosses to obtain segreganting populations with high fruit yield and T. urticae tolerance. Trial was performed under field conditions at the Centro Regional de Desenvolvimento Rural Centro Serrano of the Instituto Capixaba for Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (Incaper), Domingos Martins-ES. We evaluated strawberry cultivars Albion, Aleluia, Aromas, Camarosa, Camino Real, Campinas, Diamante, Dover, Festival, Seascape, Toyonoka, Tudla, and Ventana, cultivated in three cropping managements: open field, low tunnel and high tunnel. Experimental design was randomized complete blocks with three replications. Variables evaluated were: number of two-spotted spider mite/cm2 on the leaf (NTSSM), total number of fruits (TNF), number of commercial fruits (NCF) and fruit yield (YIE, t/ha). We applied the generalized Mahalanobis distance and Tocher's optimization method to study the genetic diversity among cultivars in each management, and the relative contribution of traits to genetic diversity was evaluated according to the criterion described by Singh (1981). For the low tunnel and high tunnel environments, the crosses Aleluia x Camarosa, Aleluia x Aromas and Aleluia x Festival are the most promising to generate segregating populations with a higher possibility to appearance transgressive individuals, while for the open field cultivation system, we recommend the cross among Aleluia x Toynoka. The variables that most contributed for genetic dissimilarity were total number of fruits, fruit yield and number of commercial fruits for the environments open field, low tunnel and high tunnel, respectively.

´Para desenvolver cultivares de morango que podem ser cultivados em larga escala é necessário reunir características desejáveis como: tolerância ao Tetranychus urticae, alta produtividade de frutos e ampla adaptabilidade a diversos sistemas de cultivo. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi estuda a diversidade genética entre 13 cultivares de morango sob diferentes manejos e recomendar cruzamentos promissores para obtenção de populações segregantes com alta produtividade de frutos e tolerantes ao T. urticae. O experimento foi conduzido sob condições de campo no Centro Regional de Desenvolvimento Rural Centro Serrano do Instituto Capixaba de Assistência Técnica e Extenção Rural (Incaper), Domingos Martins-ES, no mês de outubro (primavera). Foram avaliadas as cultivares Albion, Aleluia, Aromas, Camarosa, Camino Real, Campinas, Diamante, Dover, Festival, Seascape, Toyonoka, Tudla e Ventana, cultivadas em três sistemas de cultivo: campo aberto, túnel baixo e túnel alto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados com três repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: número de ácaro/cm² na folha (NTSSM), número total de frutos (TNF), número de frutos comerciais (NCF) e produtividade de frutos (YIE, t/ha). Foram empregadas a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis e o método de otimização de Tocher para o estudo da diversidade genética entre os cultivares em cada manejo, e a contribuição relativa dos caracteres para a diversidade genética foi avaliada segundo o critério de Singh (1981). Para os manejos túnel baixo e túnel alto, os cruzamentos entre os cultivares Aleluia x Camarosa, Aleluia x Aromas e Aleluia x Festival são os mais promissores para gerar populações segregantes com alta possibilidade de aparecimento de indivíduos transgressivos, enquanto que para o campo aberto recomenda-se o cruzamento entre os cultivares Aleluia x Toynoka. As variáveis que mais contribuíram para a dissimilaridade genética foram o número total de frutos, produtividade e número de frutos comerciais para os ambientes campo aberto, túnel baixo e túnel alto, respectivamente.

Genetic evaluation of grain sorghum hybrids in Brazilian environments using the REML/BLUP procedure

When it comes to recommending sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars, it is essential to carry out a genetic evaluation of the agronomic traits of promising genotypes from several common environments where the crop is cultivated. This study consisted of a genetic evaluation of 52 experimental grain sorghum hybrids and eight commercial cultivars. Hybrids were evaluated in 19 experiments representing the most varied cultivation conditions in Brazil. Traits of agronomic interest such as grain yield, flowering and plant height were analysed. Genotypic evaluation was performed following the REML/BLUP (Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Predictor) procedure; the MHPRVG (Harmonic Mean of Relative Performance of Genotypic Values) method was also employed to study stability and adaptability. Hybrids which stood out in terms of highest grain yield based on genotypic values, stability and adaptability were 0306037, 1G150, DKB 599, 0306039, 1G282 and 0307671. Of these, only 1G282 showed restrictions as to plant height. For flowering, experimental hybrids showed shorter cycles than commercial cultivars, confirming the efficiency of genetic improvement for this trait. With the analysis of grain yield considering days to flowering and plant height as covariates, it was observed that most of the hybrids of greater performance, showed grain yield to be positively influenced by plant height and days to flowering.(AU)

Genetic evaluation of grain sorghum hybrids in Brazilian environments using the REML/BLUP procedure

When it comes to recommending sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars, it is essential to carry out a genetic evaluation of the agronomic traits of promising genotypes from several common environments where the crop is cultivated. This study consisted of a genetic evaluation of 52 experimental grain sorghum hybrids and eight commercial cultivars. Hybrids were evaluated in 19 experiments representing the most varied cultivation conditions in Brazil. Traits of agronomic interest such as grain yield, flowering and plant height were analysed. Genotypic evaluation was performed following the REML/BLUP (Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Predictor) procedure; the MHPRVG (Harmonic Mean of Relative Performance of Genotypic Values) method was also employed to study stability and adaptability. Hybrids which stood out in terms of highest grain yield based on genotypic values, stability and adaptability were 0306037, 1G150, DKB 599, 0306039, 1G282 and 0307671. Of these, only 1G282 showed restrictions as to plant height. For flowering, experimental hybrids showed shorter cycles than commercial cultivars, confirming the efficiency of genetic improvement for this trait. With the analysis of grain yield considering days to flowering and plant height as covariates, it was observed that most of the hybrids of greater performance, showed grain yield to be positively influenced by plant height and days to flowering.

Capacidade combinatória de capim elefante com base em caracteres morfoagronômico / Combining ability of elephant grass based on morphological characteristics

Devido ao grande potencial de produção de biomassa do capim elefante, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar genitores para geração de híbridos superiores. Para tanto, foram estimados os efeitos da capacidade geral de combinação (CGC) dos genitores e da capacidade específica de combinação (CEC) de híbridos de capim elefante por meio de análise dialélica adaptada a dialelos parciais. Foram avaliados 16 híbridos e oito genitores utilizando delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Verificou-se a presença de variabilidade genética entre os híbridos e genitores, com predominância do efeito gênico de dominância para a maioria das características. De forma geral, os melhores resultados na CGC são os genitores Taiwan A-144, Vruckwona Africana e Taiwan A-146. Os melhores cruzamentos com base na CEC são Taiwan A-144 x Taiwan A-146 e Pusa Napier nº2 x Mercker Santa Rita.(AU)

Because of the potential for biomass production of elephant grass, the aim of this study was to evaluate parents to obtain superior hybrids. Effects of general combining ability (GCA) of the parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of hybrids elephant grass through diallel analysis adapted to partial diallel were estimated. Sixteen hybrids and eight parents were evaluated using a randomized block design with three replications. We verified the presence of genetic variability among hybrids and parents, with a predominance of dominance gene effect for most characteristics. Overall, the best results in the GCA are the parents Taiwan A-144, Vruckwona Africana and Taiwan A-146. The best intersections based on SCA are Taiwan A-144 x Taiwan A-146 and Pusa Napier nº2 x Mercker Santa Rita.(AU)

Capacidade combinatória de capim elefante com base em caracteres bromatológicos / Combining ability of elephant grass based on nutritional characters

Objetivou-se estimar os efeitos da capacidade geral de combinação (CGC) dos genitores e capacidade específica de combinação (CEC) dos híbridos de capim elefante por meio de análise dialélica adaptada a dialelos parciais, com base em caracteres bromatológicos. Foram avaliados 16 combinações híbridas e oito genitores no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com três repetições. No estudo foram consideradas as percentagens de matéria seca (%MS), cinzas (%CIN), proteína bruta (%PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). Concluiu-se que houve diferença significativa entre os genótipos para as características avaliadas, com predominância de efeito gênico de dominância. Com base na CGC, os melhores genitores foram Taiwan A-144, Vruckwona Africana e Taiwan A-146. Os melhores cruzamentos, com base na CEC foram Taiwan A-144 x Taiwan A-146, Vruckwona Africana x Taiwan A-146, Vruckwona Africana x Mercker S.E.A., Vruckwona Africana x Napier nº2 e Pusa Napier nº2 x Mercker Santa Rita.(AU)

The objective of the work was to evaluate the effects of general combining ability (CGC) of the parents and specific combining ability (CEC) in the elephant grass hybrids by diallel analysis adapted to partial diallel crosses based on nutritional characters. Sixteen hybrids and eight parents in a randomized block design with three replications were evaluated. The study considered percentage of dry matter (%DM), ash (%ASH), crude protein (%CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). There were significant differences among genotypes for the traits evaluated, with a predominance of dominance gene effect. Based on CGC, the best parents were Taiwan A-144, Vruckwona Africana e Taiwan A-146. The best intersections based on CEC were Taiwan A-144 x Taiwan A-146, Vruckwona Africana x Taiwan A-146, Vruckwona Africana x Mercker S.E.A., Vruckwona Africana x Napier nº2 e Pusa Napier nº2 x Mercker Santa Rita.(AU)

Capacidade combinatória de capim elefante com base em caracteres morfoagronômico / Combining ability of elephant grass based on morphological characteristics

Devido ao grande potencial de produção de biomassa do capim elefante, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar genitores para geração de híbridos superiores. Para tanto, foram estimados os efeitos da capacidade geral de combinação (CGC) dos genitores e da capacidade específica de combinação (CEC) de híbridos de capim elefante por meio de análise dialélica adaptada a dialelos parciais. Foram avaliados 16 híbridos e oito genitores utilizando delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Verificou-se a presença de variabilidade genética entre os híbridos e genitores, com predominância do efeito gênico de dominância para a maioria das características. De forma geral, os melhores resultados na CGC são os genitores Taiwan A-144, Vruckwona Africana e Taiwan A-146. Os melhores cruzamentos com base na CEC são Taiwan A-144 x Taiwan A-146 e Pusa Napier nº2 x Mercker Santa Rita.

Because of the potential for biomass production of elephant grass, the aim of this study was to evaluate parents to obtain superior hybrids. Effects of general combining ability (GCA) of the parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of hybrids elephant grass through diallel analysis adapted to partial diallel were estimated. Sixteen hybrids and eight parents were evaluated using a randomized block design with three replications. We verified the presence of genetic variability among hybrids and parents, with a predominance of dominance gene effect for most characteristics. Overall, the best results in the GCA are the parents Taiwan A-144, Vruckwona Africana and Taiwan A-146. The best intersections based on SCA are Taiwan A-144 x Taiwan A-146 and Pusa Napier nº2 x Mercker Santa Rita.

Capacidade combinatória de capim elefante com base em caracteres bromatológicos / Combining ability of elephant grass based on nutritional characters

Objetivou-se estimar os efeitos da capacidade geral de combinação (CGC) dos genitores e capacidade específica de combinação (CEC) dos híbridos de capim elefante por meio de análise dialélica adaptada a dialelos parciais, com base em caracteres bromatológicos. Foram avaliados 16 combinações híbridas e oito genitores no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com três repetições. No estudo foram consideradas as percentagens de matéria seca (%MS), cinzas (%CIN), proteína bruta (%PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). Concluiu-se que houve diferença significativa entre os genótipos para as características avaliadas, com predominância de efeito gênico de dominância. Com base na CGC, os melhores genitores foram Taiwan A-144, Vruckwona Africana e Taiwan A-146. Os melhores cruzamentos, com base na CEC foram Taiwan A-144 x Taiwan A-146, Vruckwona Africana x Taiwan A-146, Vruckwona Africana x Mercker S.E.A., Vruckwona Africana x Napier nº2 e Pusa Napier nº2 x Mercker Santa Rita.

The objective of the work was to evaluate the effects of general combining ability (CGC) of the parents and specific combining ability (CEC) in the elephant grass hybrids by diallel analysis adapted to partial diallel crosses based on nutritional characters. Sixteen hybrids and eight parents in a randomized block design with three replications were evaluated. The study considered percentage of dry matter (%DM), ash (%ASH), crude protein (%CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). There were significant differences among genotypes for the traits evaluated, with a predominance of dominance gene effect. Based on CGC, the best parents were Taiwan A-144, Vruckwona Africana e Taiwan A-146. The best intersections based on CEC were Taiwan A-144 x Taiwan A-146, Vruckwona Africana x Taiwan A-146, Vruckwona Africana x Mercker S.E.A., Vruckwona Africana x Napier nº2 e Pusa Napier nº2 x Mercker Santa Rita.

Análise de trilha de caracteres forrageiros do capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. ) / Path coefficient analysis of forage characteristics of elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum schum. )

Os objetivos deste trabalho consistiram em obter estimativas de coeficientes de correlação fenotípicos, genotípicos e residuais, e avaliar os desdobramentos das correlações genotípicas em efeitos diretos e indiretos (análise de trilha) das variáveis altura média das plantas, diâmetro médio do colmo e número de perfilhos por metro linear (variáveis independentes explicativas) na produção de matéria seca (variável dependente principal) de clones de capim-elefante em dois cortes realizados nas condições edafoclimáticas do norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Houve grande diferença nas estimativas obtidas nos dois cortes, entretanto o estudo permitiu concluir que a altura das plantas no corte exerce influência na produção de matéria seca principalmente nas situações de clones de alta capacidade de perfilhamento. As características número de perfilhos por metro linear e diâmetro de perfilhos foram capazes de explicar melhor o potencial de produção de matéria seca, atuando, respectivamente, de forma direta e inversamente proporcionais sobre a variável básica, alternando-se em função das condições ambientais ocorridas durante o crescimento.