Consumo de Canábis: craving e a relação com ansiedade, stresse e depressão / Cannabis use: craving and the relationship with anxiety, stress and depression

Resumo. A canábis é a substância ilícita mais consumida em Portugal com um início de consumo muito precoce. O craving é considerado um dos factores fundamentais ligados ao consumo de canábis, associando-se à depressão, a ansiedade e ao stresse. Espera-se que nível de craving e sexo se relacionem com a depressão, ansiedade e stresse numa amostra de consumidores portugueses. A amostra foi constituída por 143 consumidores da zona Norte do país e os dados recolhidos através de questionários online (DASS-21 e o MCQ-SF). Os resultados permitem concluir que a emocionalidade, a intencionalidade e a compulsividade relacionaram-se positivamente com o nível do craving, bem como, com o stresse e a depressão. Quanto ao número de anos de consumo, constatou-se um efeito significativo, de dimensão média, na ansiedade.

Abstract. Cannabis is the most used illicit substance in Portugal and is the one, which presents, on average, na earlier onset of consumption. Craving is considered one of the fundamental factors linked to the cannabis use, associating anxiety, stress and depression. The sample consisted of 143 individuals from the northern area of the country and the data was gathered through two online questionnaires (DASS-21 and the MCQ-SF). The obtained results allow us to conclude that emotionality, purposefulness and compulsivity are positively associated with the level of craving and, combined, as well to stress and depression. The number of years of consumption presents a significant effect in anxiety, with a medium effect size.

Factor structure and reliability of the depression, anxiety and stress scales in a large Portuguese community sample.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the factor structure and reliability of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) in a large Portuguese community sample. Participants were 1020 adults (585 women and 435 men), with a mean age of 36.74 (SD = 11.90) years. All scales revealed good reliability, with Cronbach's alpha values between .80 (anxiety) and .84 (depression). The internal consistency of the total score was .92. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the best-fitting model (*CFI = .940, *RMSEA = .038) consisted of a latent component of general psychological distress (or negative affectivity) plus orthogonal depression, anxiety and stress factors. The Portuguese version of the DASS-21 showed good psychometric properties (factorial validity and reliability) and thus can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for measuring depression, anxiety and stress symptoms.

Factor structure and reliability of the depression, anxiety and stress scales in a large Portuguese community sample

The purpose of the present study was to assess the factor structure and reliability of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) in a large Portuguese community sample. Participants were 1020 adults (585 women and 435 men), with a mean age of 36.74 (SD = 11.90) years. All scales revealed good reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values between .80 (anxiety) and .84 (depression). The internal consistency of the total score was .92. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the best-fitting model (*CFI = .940, *RMSEA = .038) consisted of a latent component of general psychological distress (or negative affectivity) plus orthogonal depression, anxiety and stress factors. The Portuguese version of the DASS-21 showed good psychometric properties (factorial validity and reliability) and thus can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for measuring depression, anxiety and stress symptoms (AU)

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