RESUMEN
Angiogenesis, the growth of capillary vessels, plays an important role in the metabolic functions of malignant tissues. Tumor growth and malignant transformation are considered to be dominated by uncontrolled angiogenesis. To understand the mechanism of increased vascularity associated with malignant tissues, we immunohistochemically evaluated microvessel density (MVD) and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and platelet-derived endothelial growth factor (PDGF) in oral cancers. Microvessel density did not differ significantly between normal oral mucosa and epithelial dysplasia, but was significantly increased in tumor tissues. Expression of angiogenic factors was not found in normal oral mucosa, but increased in association with increasing vascularity in OSCC tissue. In tumor tissue, angiogenic factor expression correlated with MVD. MVD in OSCC was related to T stage, tumor differentiation, and stage of invasion. VEGF expression also correlated with tumor differentiation and the stage of invasion. These findings suggest that VEGF might play an important role in tumor angiogenesis of OSCC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/irrigación sanguínea , Factor 2 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/análisis , Neoplasias de la Boca/irrigación sanguínea , Timidina Fosforilasa/análisis , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/análisis , Adulto , Anciano , Inductores de la Angiogénesis/análisis , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Diferenciación Celular , Epitelio/irrigación sanguínea , Epitelio/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Microcirculación/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Bucal/irrigación sanguínea , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Invasividad Neoplásica , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neovascularización Patológica/patología , Factor de Crecimiento Derivado de Plaquetas/análisis , Lesiones Precancerosas/irrigación sanguínea , Lesiones Precancerosas/patologíaRESUMEN
We report a case of diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible responded to alendronate, after a poor response to intravenous antibiotics, antibiotic irrigation-perfusion, and decortication. The patient was given an intravenous infusion of 10mg of alendronate. Pain resolved within 24 h. There were no severe adverse events. Increased uptake of 99mTc in the mandible almost completely disappeared 3 months after treatment.
Asunto(s)
Alendronato/uso terapéutico , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Mandibulares/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteomielitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Radiofármacos , Tecnecio , Adulto , Alendronato/administración & dosificación , Dolor Facial/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Infusiones Intravenosas , Enfermedades Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteomielitis/diagnóstico por imagen , CintigrafíaRESUMEN
An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), caused by the virus sub-type H5N1, occurred at four premises in three prefectures in Japan during January and March 2004. As a result, 274,654 poultry died or were slaughtered. This was the first outbreak of HPAI in Japan since 1925. (The earlier outbreak was caused by H7N7.) The disease was successfully eradicated within three-and-a-half months, following an eradication campaign that included depopulating the affected premises, implementing movement controls and intensive surveillance. Control measures were conducted in accordance with the National Manual of HPAI Control. However, during the eradication campaign, some key issues arose, such as delays in notification by the affected farmers. As a result of these experiences, the relevant laws and HPAI Control Manual have been appropriately revised.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Aviar/epidemiología , Gripe Aviar/prevención & control , Animales , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Femenino , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/patogenicidad , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Aves de Corral , Vigilancia de Guardia/veterinariaRESUMEN
Malignant mesothelioma is a rare tumor arising from the pleura or peritoneum. Distant hematogenous metastasis is seen in more than half of cases, preferentially to the brain, lung, bone and soft tissues [Br. J. Dis. Chest 70 (1976) 246]. There has been only one previous report of this tumor metastasizing to the jaw bone [Pathologica 92 (2000) 273].
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Mandibulares/secundario , Mesotelioma/secundario , Neoplasias Pleurales/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Queratinas/análisis , Masculino , Neoplasias Mandibulares/patología , Mesotelioma/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Quiste Radicular/diagnóstico , Vimentina/análisisRESUMEN
Sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS) has received considerable attention for its role in deciding whether to perform neck dissection in patients with early oral cancer. However, diagnostic accuracy and its intraoperative availability of results remain important concerns. First, we shortened the examination time required for genetic diagnosis. Second, we assessed the quality of the extracted mRNA. Third, 10 patients with early N0 oral cancer underwent SNNS, using our new technique for genetic diagnosis to determine whether neck dissection was required. The examination time of our one-step reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method using a minicolumn and LightCycler was successfully shortened to 2 h, permitting intraoperative genetic diagnosis. The extracted mRNA was of high quality. Six sentinel nodes in four patients were diagnosed to be metastatic on genetic diagnosis; these patients underwent neck dissection. The other six patients avoided unnecessary surgery. We conclude that intraoperative genetic diagnosis of micrometastasis holds promise of being a sensitive method that can be used to support SNNS.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Metástasis Linfática/genética , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Biopsia del Ganglio Linfático Centinela/métodos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundario , Humanos , Periodo Intraoperatorio , Ganglios Linfáticos/diagnóstico por imagen , Metástasis Linfática/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Disección del Cuello , ARN Neoplásico/análisis , CintigrafíaRESUMEN
A 33-year-old man presented with Kimura's disease of the hard palate. Serological examination showed no elevation in the number of eosinophils or in IgE level, but histological examination revealed well-developed lymph follicles with increased numbers of eosinophils. In addition, immunohistochemical examination revealed that the IgE concentrations were shown in the lymphoid follicles with germinal centers, a finding typical of Kimura's disease. The patient underwent surgical resection followed by treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Throughout the 2-year follow-up period, the patient's condition has remained satisfactory.
Asunto(s)
Hiperplasia Angiolinfoide con Eosinofilia/patología , Paladar Duro/patología , Adulto , Hiperplasia Angiolinfoide con Eosinofilia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperplasia Angiolinfoide con Eosinofilia/cirugía , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/análisis , Ganglios Linfáticos/química , Masculino , Paladar Duro/cirugíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: p12DOC-1 is a growth suppressor that negatively regulates cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activities. Expression of p12DOC-1 is reduced and/or lost in tumor tissues. The purpose of this study is to correlate in vivo the expression of p12DOC-1 in oral cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry with clinical and pathological parameters. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Twenty-five cases of normal oral mucosa and 127 cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas were evaluated. Patients' charts were reviewed for clinical, pathological, and 10-year survival data. Because p12DOC-1 is a growth suppressor and associates with CDK2, parallel immunostaining was done for proliferating cell nuclear antigen and CDK2 to evaluate cell proliferation and potential correlation with CDK2. RESULTS: Our results showed that strong p12DOC-1 staining was uniformly seen in normal oral mucosa. p12DOC-1 staining was reduced or absent in 81 cases (63.8%) of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Decreased p12DOC-1 staining (<25% of cells stained) correlated with tumor mode of invasion (P = 0.001) and higher proliferating cell nuclear antigen (P = 0.0028) and CDK2 (P = 0.0020) expression. Survival analysis showed significant correlation of low p12DOC-1 expression with the risk of cervical lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001) and patients' 10-year survival status (P = 0.0214). CONCLUSIONS: These results allow us to conclude that reduction of p12DOC-1 protein expression is a frequent event in oral cancers. Intratumor immunohistochemical evaluation of p12DOC-1 expression can be an adjunctive prognostic indicator for patients with oral cancer.
Asunto(s)
Quinasas CDC2-CDC28 , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Biosíntesis de Proteínas , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Western Blotting , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Estudios de Cohortes , Quinasa 2 Dependiente de la Ciclina , Quinasas Ciclina-Dependientes/análisis , Epitelio/química , Epitelio/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Bucal/química , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/cirugía , Pronóstico , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula en Proliferación/análisis , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/análisis , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Many studies focused on the tumour thickness in oral squamous cell carcinomas, suggesting a relationship with the occurrence of cervical metastasis. Accurate preoperative assessment of the tumour thickness of oral cancer would provide useful information for targeting those patients who need elective treatment of the neck. Some useful diagnostic aids to evaluate oral cancer are computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and intraoral ultrasonography. The purpose of the present study is to compare intraoral ultrasonography with CT and MRI in delineating the disease extent and in measuring the tumour thickness of oral carcinoma. Thirty-nine patients with oral cancer were preoperatively evaluated with intraoral ultrasonography, and CT, and in 26 of them MRI was carried out. High-quality ultrasonographic images were obtained and the tumour thickness was measured within 1 mm. However, in most tumours less than 5.0 mm in thickness, CT and MRI could not detect a sufficient density difference from the normal tissue to accurately delineate the extent of the tumour. There was a significant correlation between measurements by intraoral ultrasonography and the histological sections. The present study shows that ultrasonography is superior to CT and MRI in assessment of the primary lesion of oral carcinoma.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Boca/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundario , Femenino , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Suelo de la Boca/diagnóstico por imagen , Suelo de la Boca/patología , Mucosa Bucal/diagnóstico por imagen , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Cuello , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Estadística como Asunto , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Neoplasias de la Lengua/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Lengua/patología , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
The relationship between clinicopathological factors and response of radiation therapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma has been studied. It has been suggested that factors such as tumor site, extent and tumor differentiation determine the response to radiation therapy. It is known that oxygenation is related to the therapeutic effects of radiation therapy. However, there are few reports on the relationship between oxygen condition and the response to radiation therapy. The present study was carried out to assess whether any clinicopathological factors, including an evaluation of the oxygen condition can be used to predict the effects of preoperative radiation therapy in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Forty-seven patients with oral cancer treated with external radiation therapy preoperatively were evaluated. There were no significant differences in response to the radiation with respect to age, sex, tumor site, stage, macroscopic shape of tumors, and the histological factors. The hemoglobin (Hb) and arterial oxygen content (CaO(2)) levels of favorable cases (Hb: 14.4 g/dl, CaO(2) 19.1 ml/dl) were significantly higher than those of unfavorable cases (Hb: 11.0 g/dl, CaO(2): 16.1 ml/dl). These findings suggest that oxygen conditions of oral cancer patients predict tumor response to preoperative radiation therapy.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/sangre , Neoplasias de la Boca/sangre , Oxígeno/sangre , Radioterapia Adyuvante , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Hipoxia de la Célula , Femenino , Neoplasias Gingivales/sangre , Neoplasias Gingivales/radioterapia , Neoplasias Gingivales/cirugía , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Boca/cirugía , Presión Parcial , Tolerancia a Radiación , Neoplasias de la Lengua/sangre , Neoplasias de la Lengua/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Lengua/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
This study examined the relationship between tumor angiogenesis and the radiation-induced response, evaluated based on pathological changes, in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with preoperative radiation therapy. Forty-one cases of squamous cell carcinoma treated with preoperative radiation therapy were investigated. Tumor angiogenesis was assessed by scoring the intratumor microvessel density (IMVD). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was also evaluated before and after preoperative radiotherapy. There was no correlation between IMVD in the specimens before therapy and the pathological response to radiation therapy. However, radiation therapy decreased IMVD in the specimens after therapy. A significant association was observed between VEGF expression and resistance to radiation therapy: only 4 of the 21 patients whose tumors exhibited a high level (2 + or 3 + ) of VEGF staining experienced a major (3 + or 4 + ) pathological response to radiation therapy. Furthermore, an increasing level of VEGF expression after radiation therapy was observed in non-effective (0 to 2 + ) response cases. These results suggest that VEGF expression and the induction of this protein are related to radiosensitivity and could be used to predict the effects of preoperative radiation therapy on oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial/metabolismo , Linfocinas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neovascularización Patológica , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Humanos , Linfocinas/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/radioterapia , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular , Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial VascularRESUMEN
Radical scavengers play an important role in cancer cells defending themselves against free radicals which occur with irradiation. SOD (Cu,Zn, Mn-) and GST-pi are radical scavengers with an effect on radiation therapy. We investigated the correlation between radiation effects and expression of Cu,Zn-, Mn-SOD and GST-pi in 34 cases of oral cancer, treated with preoperative radiation therapy. In this study, 22 cases out of 34 were classified as effective and 12 cases as non-effective. Expression of Cu,Zn, Mn-SOD and GST-pi were observed in 13 (38.2%), 10 (29.4%) and 20 (58.8%) cases, respectively. Regarding the value of radiation sensitivity from expression of these proteins in the biopsy samples, no significant correlation was found between those expressions and histological effectiveness of preoperative radiation therapy. But interestingly, in 11 out of 12 of the non-effective cases, strong staining of Cu, Zn-SOD and GST-pi were shown at the residual cancer cells after preoperative radiation therapy. These results suggested that the expression of SOD (Cu,Zn-, and Mn-) and GST-pi may be not useful markers for predicting the effects of radiation therapy. However, Cu, Zn-SOD and GST-pi were increased by irradiation and may play an important role in radiation resistance and cancer cell regeneration after radiation therapy.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/enzimología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Glutatión Transferasa/biosíntesis , Isoenzimas/biosíntesis , Neoplasias de la Boca/enzimología , Neoplasias de la Boca/radioterapia , Superóxido Dismutasa/biosíntesis , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Gutatión-S-Transferasa pi , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/cirugía , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Tolerancia a Radiación/fisiologíaRESUMEN
This study was carried out to elucidate whether apoptosis and p53 can be used to stratify oral cancer patients into groups with a favorable or unfavorable response to preoperative radiation therapy. Thirty-two patients were evaluated. The apoptosis index was 1.7+/-0. 9% in the ineffective cases, and it was significantly lower than effective cases (3.2+/-1.2%). While 14 of 16 effective cases (86.7%) did not express p53, 13 of 16 ineffective cases (81.3%) overexpressed p53. These results suggest that mutated p53 in tumors is associated with a poor response to radiation which may be related to evasion of apoptosis in oral cancer.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/efectos de la radiación , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Boca/radioterapia , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/efectos de la radiación , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula en Proliferación/metabolismo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/biosíntesisRESUMEN
Metastasis of the oral and maxillofacial region frequently causes serious morbidity. Despite the importance of the clinical problem, little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms of this metastatic process. Therefore, we examined whether the intracardiac injection of human breast cancer cells reproductively leads to jaw metastases developing an adequate experimental model. Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 (MDA-231) cells (1 x 10(5)) were injected into the left heart ventricle of 4-week-old, female nude mice. Jaw metastases were examined radiographically and histologically 4 weeks after the cancer cell inoculation. At this time, the nude mice showed a marked body weight loss and cachexia. Osteolytic bone metastases were commonly observed in limbs, vertebral bone, pelvis and scapulae. In maxillofacial bones, breast cancer cells metastasized in 11 of 12 nude mice (91.7%). The lesions were radiographically determined at the mandible (11/12), maxilla (8/12) and zygomatic arch (2/12). Metastasis frequently occurred at the molar and angle regions of the mandible and at the palatal suture as well as around the root of the incisal teeth of the maxilla respectively. Histological examination revealed that numerous osteoclasts were present along the trabecular bone surfaces with aggressive bone resorption. This experimental model may be useful not only for the investigation of the mechanism of jaw metastasis formation but also for the screening of potential therapeutic agents for osteolytic bone metastasis.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Óseas/secundario , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Osteólisis/patología , Neoplasias Craneales/secundario , Animales , Peso Corporal , Neoplasias Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Huesos Faciales , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/patología , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/secundario , Neoplasias Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Mandibulares/patología , Neoplasias Mandibulares/secundario , Neoplasias Maxilares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Maxilares/patología , Neoplasias Maxilares/secundario , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Osteólisis/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía , Neoplasias Craneales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Craneales/patología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
doc-1 is a putative tumor suppressor gene isolated and identified from the hamster oral cancer model. Here, we report the molecular cloning and the functional characterization of the human ortholog of the hamster doc-1 gene. Human doc-1 cDNA is 1.6 kilobase pairs in length and encodes for a 115-amino acid polypeptide (12.4 kDa, pI 9. 53). Sequence analysis showed 98% identity between human and hamster doc-1 protein sequences. DOC-1 is expressed in all normal human tissues examined. In oral keratinocytes, expression of DOC-1 is restricted to normal oral keratinocytes. By immunostaining of normal human mucosa, DOC-1 is detected in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of basal oral keratinocytes; while in suprabasilar cells, it is primarily found in the nuclei. Human oral cancers in vivo did not exhibit immunostaining for DOC-1. Like murine DOC-1, human DOC-1 associates with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediates the phosphorylation of the large p180 catalytic subunit, suggesting it may be a potential regulator of DNA replication in the S phase of the cell cycle. Using a human doc-1 cosmid as a probe, human doc-1 is mapped to chromosome 12q24. We identified four exons in the entire human doc-1 gene and determined the intron-exon boundaries. By polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing, we examined premalignant oral lesion and oral cancer cell lines and found no intragenic mutations.
Asunto(s)
Genes Supresores de Tumor , Proteínas/genética , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Catálisis , Células Cultivadas , Mapeo Cromosómico , Cromosomas Humanos Par 12 , Clonación Molecular , Cricetinae , ADN Polimerasa I/metabolismo , ADN Primasa/metabolismo , Replicación del ADN , ADN Complementario , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
It has been demonstrated that angiogenesis is required in the process of tumor progression and metastasis. Microvessel density (MVD) estimates tumor angiogenesis and is an independent indicator for predicting tumor metastasis in a variety of carcinomas. Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) is known to be an angiogenic factor in vitro and in vivo. Of 55 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), regional metastasis was absent in 35 and present in 20. Cases with lymph node metastasis showed significantly higher MVD (mean 61.0 +/- 28.8) than those without metastasis (mean 29.3 +/- 15.1; p < 0.001). A total of 37 cases (67.3%) were PD-ECGF-positive with a high MVD (mean 47.8 +/- 27.9) and 18 (32.7%) showed a negative PD-ECGF expression with a low MVD (mean 26.6 +/- 13.2). PD-ECGF expression was significantly correlated with the increment of MVD (p < 0.01). We suggest that MVD can be used as an independent prognostic indicator for predicting metastasis and that PD-ECGF activity plays an important role in the neovascularization of OSCC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/irrigación sanguínea , Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/irrigación sanguínea , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Invasividad Neoplásica , Neovascularización PatológicaRESUMEN
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a salivary malignant tumor with poor long-term prognosis, that is known to have predilection for invasion of the adjacent stroma and neural tissues. This carcinoma has shown a high incidence of recurrence and distal metastasis. Invasive carcinomas have been associated with the distributions of extracellular matrices (ECM). Cell proliferation as a marker of tumor growth has been related to poor prognosis in oral carcinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis of 15 cases of ACC was done using antibodies to laminin, type IV collagen, fibronectin, tenascin and anti-proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA). Laminin and type IV collagen were totally or partially absent in the ACC invasive areas. Tenascin was expressed in the stroma and cytoplasm and was associated with tumor cell proliferation. It can be concluded that basement membrane represents a barrier that is lost during cell invasion and tenascin may be involved in the detachment of cancer cells, increasing the invasive potential of ACC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Colágeno/metabolismo , Femenino , Fibronectinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Laminina/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula en Proliferación/metabolismo , Tenascina/metabolismoRESUMEN
The two major virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis are the tripartite toxin and the polyglutamate capsule, which are encoded by genes on the large plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2, respectively. The genes atxA, located on pXO1, and acpA, located on pXO2, encode positive trans-acting proteins that are involved in bicarbonate-mediated regulation of toxin and capsule production, respectively. A derivative strain cured of pXO1 produced less capsular substance than the parent strain harbouring both pXO1 and pXO2, and electroporation of the strain cured of pXO1 with a plasmid containing the cloned atxA gene resulted in an increased level of capsule production. An acpA-null mutant was complemented by not only acpA but also the atxA gene. The cap region, which is essential for encapsulation, contains three genes capB, capC, and capA, arranged in that order. The atxA gene stimulated capsule synthesis from the cloned cap region. Transcriptional analysis of cap by RNA slot-blot hybridization and primer-extension analysis revealed that atxA activated expression of cap in trans at the transcriptional level. These results indicate that cross-talk occurs, in which the pXO1-located gene, atxA, activates transcription of the cap region genes located on pXO2. We identified two major apparent transcriptional start sites, designated P1 and P2, located at positions 731 bp and 625 bp, respectively, upstream of the translation-initiation codon of capB. Transcription initiated from P1 and P2 was activated by both atxA and acpA, and activation appeared to be stimulated by bicarbonate. Deletion analysis of the upstream region of the cap promoter revealed that activation by both atxA and acpA required a DNA segment of 70 bp extending upstream of the P1 site. These results suggest that cross-talk by atxA to the genes encoding capsule synthesis is caused by the interaction of the atxA gene product with a regulatory sequence upstream of cap.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Bacterianos , Bacillus anthracis/fisiología , Cápsulas Bacterianas/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas/biosíntesis , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Genes/fisiología , Plásmidos/genética , Transactivadores/fisiología , Bacillus anthracis/citología , Bacillus anthracis/genética , Cápsulas Bacterianas/biosíntesis , Proteínas Bacterianas/farmacología , Secuencia de Bases , ADN/análisis , ADN/fisiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Genes/genética , Prueba de Complementación Genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Operón/genética , Operón/fisiología , Plásmidos/fisiología , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/fisiología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Transactivadores/farmacología , Transcripción Genética/genética , Transcripción Genética/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The tyrosine kinase receptor family, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), c-erbB2 and, more recently, the c-erbB3, has been recognized as being of particular importance in many human malignancies. This study was undertaken to define the role of c-erb B2 and c-erbB3 in adenoid cystic carcinomas (A.C.C.) of the salivary glands. Sixteen cases of A.C.C. were studied immunohistochemically, using antibodies against each erbB gene family product. EGF-R was not detected in any of these samples but c-erbB2 and c-erbB3 gene products (ERBB2and ERBB3) were demonstrated in all A.C.C. sections with some degree of straining. Tubular and cribriform patterns overexpressed particularly large amounts of ERBB2 and ERBB3. Strong staining was mainly demonstrated in tumor cells of the invasive area. These results suggested that overexpression of ERBB2 and ERBB3 is related to tumor differentiation and invasion in adenoid cystic carcinomas.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/metabolismo , Receptores ErbB/biosíntesis , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biosíntesis , Oncogenes , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/biosíntesis , Receptor ErbB-2/biosíntesis , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/genética , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/patología , Diferenciación Celular/genética , División Celular/genética , Receptores ErbB/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias Palatinas/genética , Neoplasias Palatinas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Palatinas/patología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Receptor ErbB-3 , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/genética , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/patologíaRESUMEN
An oligonucleotide DNA probe based on 5S rRNA sequence data was constructed for the identification of the fish pathogens, Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio ordalii. Specificity of the probe was tested in a colony blot hybridization assay. The respective probe was found to be specific for both V. anguillarum and V. ordalii. No cross hybridization was observed against other fish pathogens and the closely related Vibrionaceae genera. This specific probe may be useful for rapid identification of V. anguillarum and V. ordalii.
Asunto(s)
Sondas de Oligonucleótidos , Vibrio/aislamiento & purificación , Secuencia de Bases , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , ARN Bacteriano/genética , ARN Ribosómico 5S/genética , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
The gene encoding an outer membrane lipoprotein (OmIA) was cloned from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain NG-8 (serotype 5a). The deduced amino acid sequence of OmIA from strain NG-8 showed 61% identity to the OmIA from serotype 1 strain, which confers protective immunity to pigs. Southern blot analysis showed the presence of a sequence highly homologous to the omIA gene of strain NG-8 in strains of serotype 5a, 5b and 10. A specific serum against OmIA of NG-8 also detected a homologous protein in the strains of these serotypes. These data shows the presence of antigenic variability among A. pleuropneumoniae OmIA proteins.