RESUMEN
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes considerable global paediatric morbidity and mortality, despite the availability of safe and effective pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). To justify the introduction of PCVs, accurate information on the burden of disease is required. Here, we present an appraisal of the pneumococcal epidemiological situation in 11 Central European countries. The data are based on study findings presented at the 12th Central European Vaccine Advisory Group (CEVAG) meeting, held on 21-22 May 2010 in Sofia, Bulgaria, and a literature review of the PubMed database using the search terms 'pneumococcal' or 'Streptococcus pneumoniae', in combination with 'otitis media', 'pneumonia', 'meningitis' or 'bacteraemia/sepsis', and '[Central European country name]'. The incidence of pneumococcal disease appears to be lower in Central Europe than previously reported for Europe as a whole, with the highest risk in infants aged 0-2 years. The fatality rates in the under fives from invasive infections are up to 40%. A paucity of comprehensive country-specific data on pneumococcal disease burden arises from the lack of homogenous surveillance programmes. Standardised, active surveillance systems are required for the accurate evaluation of the pneumococcal disease burden in the region. Only then can the need for vaccination be addressed.
Asunto(s)
Meningitis Neumocócica/epidemiología , Otitis Media/epidemiología , Vacunas Neumococicas/administración & dosificación , Neumonía Neumocócica/epidemiología , Sepsis/epidemiología , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Humanos , Inmunización , Incidencia , Lactante , Meningitis Neumocócica/inmunología , Meningitis Neumocócica/microbiología , Meningitis Neumocócica/prevención & control , Otitis Media/inmunología , Otitis Media/microbiología , Otitis Media/prevención & control , Neumonía Neumocócica/inmunología , Neumonía Neumocócica/microbiología , Neumonía Neumocócica/prevención & control , Sepsis/inmunología , Sepsis/microbiología , Sepsis/prevención & control , Serotipificación , Streptococcus pneumoniae/clasificación , Streptococcus pneumoniae/inmunología , Vacunas Conjugadas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Viral epidemiology is determined by the movement of infected people within and between geographical areas. The genetic characterization of wild-type isolates combined with standard epidemiological methods may enable the identification of the source and transmission pathways and permit differentiation between indigenous and imported viruses. We investigated the genetic characteristics of the wild-type measles virus isolated in Croatia during a 2003-2004 outbreak. The results of this study indicate the presence of the D4 measles virus genotype in Europe. The isolated virus is closely related to virus isolates from the India-like subgroup of the D4 measles virus genotype. The virus responsible for this outbreak differs in the hemagglutinin gene sequence from other virus strains belonging to the D4 genotype. The hemagglutinin gene sequence also differs when compared to viruses from other genotypes that are known to circulate in Europe and from vaccine strains.
Asunto(s)
Virus del Sarampión/genética , Sarampión/epidemiología , Croacia/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Genes Virales , Genotipo , Humanos , Virus del Sarampión/inmunología , Filogenia , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Proteínas Virales/química , Proteínas Virales/genéticaAsunto(s)
Hepatitis A/complicaciones , Derrame Pleural/etiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Preescolar , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Opsoclonus-myoclonus is a rare neurological syndrome affecting children and adults. In children it occurs as a parainfectious process or a paraneoplastic syndrome in association with neuroblastoma. Here we report it presenting as an unusual neurological manifestation of Lyme borreliosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report which describes recovery from this syndrome in a child.