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Objective To study the relationship between serum neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and clinical features of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma(PPGL).Methods Totally 501 PPGL patients diagnosed from January 2019 to December 2022 were divided into normal NSE group(NSE≤16.3 ng/mL)and elevated NSE group(NSE>16.3 ng/mL).The clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with normal NSE group,patients in the elevated NSE group had larger diameter in primary tumor(5.00 cm vs.4.60 cm),higher 24-hour urinary norepinephrine(NE)and 24-hour urinary dopamine(DA)levels,and a higher rate of metasta-sis(31.6%vs.13.7%)(P<0.05).NSE level was positively correlated with the primary tumor size(r=0.131,P<0.05),24-hour urinary NE level(r=0.195,P<0.05)and 24-hour urinary DA level(r=0.119,P<0.05).Conclusions The level of NSE is related to tumor size,secretion function and metastasis in PPGL patients.
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Objective:To evaluate the ability of 68Ga-Pentixafor (nuclide ligand imaging agents for chemokine receptor 4) PET/CT to differentiate between aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and adrenal nonfunctional adenoma (NFA), and to assess how well this imaging method correlates with clinical features and postoperative outcomes. Methods:This was a cross-sectional study involving 73 APA and 12 NFA patients who received 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT imaging at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from August 2018 to October 2021. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the differential value of visual analysis and the maximum standard uptake value (SUV max) of the focus on APA and NFA. The related factors of SUV max, and its predictive effect on postoperative outcomes were analyzed using Pearson or Spearman analysis and χ2 text. Results:68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT imaging was positive in 64 APA patients (sensitivity=87.7%) and negative in all 12 NFA patients (specificity=100%). The area under the ROC curve with SUV max differentiating APA and NFA was 0.932 ( P<0.001). When the SUV max cut-off point was 6.23, the sensitivity was 80.8% and the specificity was 100%. The SUV max correlated positively with lesion size ( r=0.598) and aldosterone/renin activity ratio ( r=0.313) and correlated negatively with potassium level ( r=-0.286), renin activity ( r=-0.240) and age of diagnosis ( r=-0.273) (all P<0.05). Of the patients who underwent adrenalectomy and received more than 6 months of post-surgical follow-up, the clinical complete remission rate was higher for 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT imaging-positive patients than imaging-negative patients (24/39 vs. 0/4, P=0.031). Conclusions:68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT is effective at differentiating between APA and NFA. The SUV max of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT correlates with age at onset, lesion size, and the severity of clinical manifestations, and is able to predict postoperative outcomes.
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Five new saponins, including three steroid saponins, paristenoids A-C (1-3), and two triterpenoid saponins, paristenoids D-E (4-5), along with four known ones (6-9) were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. stenophylla. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified mainly by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR, MS, as well as chemical methods. Compound 3 is a new cyclocholestanol-type steroidal saponin with a rare 6/6/6/5/5 fused-rings cholestanol skeleton, and this skeleton has been first found from the genus Paris. The cytotoxicities of the isolated compounds against three human three glioma cell lines (U87MG, U251MG and SHG44) were evaluated, and compound 7 displayed certain inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 15.22 ± 1.73, 18.87 ± 1.81 and 17.64 ± 1.69 μmol·L-1, respectively.
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Humanos , Rizoma/química , Esteroides/química , Liliaceae/química , Saponinas/química , Triterpenos/análisisRESUMEN
BackgroundThe second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been incessantly causing catastrophe worldwide, and the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants causes further uncertainty regarding epidemic risk. Here, a novel strategy for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants using multiplex PCR coupled with MALDI-TOF MS was developed. MethodsPlasmids carrying gene sequences containing 9 mutation types in 7 mutated sites (HV6970del, N501Y, K417N, P681H, D614G, E484K, L452R, E484Q and P681R) in the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants were synthesized. Using the nucleic acid sequence of SARS-CoV-2 nonvariant and a synthetic SARS-CoV-2-variant-carrying plasmid, a MALDI-TOF MS method based on the single-base mass probe extension of multiplex PCR amplification products was established to detect the above nine mutation types. The detection limit of this method was determined via the concentration gradient method. Twenty-one respiratory tract pathogens (9 bacteria, 11 respiratory viruses) and pharyngeal swab nucleic acid samples from healthy people were selected for specific validation. Sixteen samples from COVID-19 patients were used to verify the accuracy of this method. ResultsThe 9 mutation types could be detected simultaneously by triple PCR amplification coupled with MALDI-TOF MS. SARS-CoV-2 and all six variants (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.429, B.1.526, P.1 and B.1.617) could be identified. The detection limit for all 9 sites was 1.5x103 copies. The specificity of this method was 100%, and the accuracy of real-time PCR CT values less than 30 among positive samples was 100%. This method is open and extensible, and can be used in a high-throughput manner, easily allowing the addition of new mutation sites as needed to identify and track new SARS-CoV-2 variants as they emerge. ConclusionsMultiplex PCR-MALDI-TOF MS provides a new detection option with practical application value for SARS-CoV-2 and its variant infection. Key pointAn all-in-one SARS-CoV-2 variant identification method based on a multiplex PCR-MALDI-TOF MS system was developed. All of the SARS-CoV-2 variants can be identified based on 9 types of 7 mutated sites of RBD of spike protein using this method.
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At room temperature, SARS-CoV-2 was stable on environmental surfaces and remained viable up to 7 days on smooth surfaces. This virus could survive for several hours in feces and 3-4 days in urine.
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Objective: To understand the transmission patterns and risk factors of HIV-1 strain CRF01_AE subtypes in China, and to provide guidance for the implementation of precise intervention. Methods: A total of 2 094 CRF01_AE pol sequences were collected in 19 provinces in China between 1996 and 2014. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by PhyML 3.0 software to select the transmission clusters. Transmission network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.6.0, which was further used for exploring of the major risk factors. Results: Of the 2 094 sequences, 12.18% (255/2 094) were in clusters. A total of 82 transmission clusters were identified. The numbers of clusters and contained sequences in intra-provincial transmission (61, 173) were significantly more than those in inter-provincial transmission (21, 82). The ratio of transmission clustering in MSM increased over time from 2.41% (2/83) during 1996-2008 to 23.61% (72/305) during 2013-2014, showing a significant upward trend (χ(2)=27.800, df=1, P=0.000). The proportion of MSM with inter-provincial transmission clusters were higher than those with intra-provincial transmission clusters, which increased from 0.67% (2/297) during 1996-2008 to 6.36%(30/472) during 2013-2014, showing a significant upward trend (χ(2)=20.276, df=1, P=0.000). The transmission rate in homosexuals of the inter-transmission clusters (86.59%, 71/82) was higher than that of intra-provincial transmission clusters (56.65%, 98/173), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=22.792, P=0.000). The proportion of inter-provincial transmission clusters with more than 2 transmission routes (33.33%, 7/21) was higher than that of intra-provincial clusters (13.11%, 8/61), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=4.273, P=0.039). Results from the transmission network analysis indicated that the proportion of high risk population (degree≥4) with inter-provincial transmission clusters (51.22%, 42/82) was significantly higher than that with intra-provincial transmission clusters (26.59%, 46/173), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=14.932, P=0.000). Inter-provincial clusters were mainly detected in and and MSM. Conclusions: Complex transmission networks were found for HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains in the mainland of China. Inter-provincial transmission clusters increased rapidly, MSM played an important role in the wide spread of the strain. More researches in transmission networks are needed to guide the precision intervention.
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Humanos , Masculino , China/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/virología , VIH-1/aislamiento & purificación , Homosexualidad Masculina/estadística & datos numéricos , FilogeniaRESUMEN
Objective To understand the transmission patterns and risk factors of HIV-1 strain CRF01_AE subtypes in China,and to provide guidance for the implementation of precise intervention.Methods A total of 2 094 CRF01_AE pol sequences were collected in 19 provinces in China between 1996 and 2014.Phylogenetic tree was constructed by PhyML 3.0 software to select the transmission clusters.Transmission network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.6.0,which was further used for exploring of the major risk factors.Results Of the 2 094 sequences,12.18% (255/2 094) were in clusters.A total of 82 transmission clusters were identified.The numbers of clusters and contained sequences in intra-provincial transmission (61,173) were significantly more than those in inter-provincial transmission (21,82).The ratio of transmission clustering in MSM increased over time from 2.41% (2/83) during 1996-2008 to 23.61% (72/305) during 2013-2014,showing a significant upward trend (x2 =27.800,df=1,P =0.000).The proportion of MSM with inter-provincial transmission clusters were higher than those with intra-provincial transmission clusters,which increased from 0.67% (2/297) during 1996-2008 to 6.36%(30/472) during 2013-2014,showing a significant upward trend (x2=20.276,df=1,P=0.000).The transmission rate in homosexuals of the inter-transmission clusters (86.59%,71/82) was higher than that of intra-provincial transmission clusters (56.65%,98/173),and the difference was statistically significant (x2=22.792,P=0.000).The proportion of inter-provincial transmission clusters with more than 2 transmission routes (33.33%,7/21) was higher than that of intra-provincial clusters (13.11%,8/61),and the difference was statistically significant (x2=4.273,P=0.039).Results from the transmission network analysis indicated that the proportion of high risk population (degree≥4) with inter-provincial transmission clusters (51.22%,42/82) was significantly higher than that with intra-provincial transmission clusters (26.59%,46/173),and the difference was statistically significant (x2=14.932,P=0.000).Inter-provincial clusters were mainly detected in and and MSM.Conclusions Complex transmission networks were found for HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains in the mainland of China.Inter-provincial transmission clusters increased rapidly,MSM played an important role in the wide spread of the strain.More researches in transmission networks are needed to guide the precision intervention.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression levels of miRNAs and the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.Methods A total of 120 patients with type 2 diabetes recruited from October 2014 to October 2016 and 40 healthy individuals as a control group were included in this study,and diabetic patients were further divided into newly diagnosed group(n=40),prediabetes group(n =40),and susceptibility group (n =40).The fasting blood of four groups were collected,and real-time RT-PCR was applied to measure the expression levels of miRNAs including miR-9,miR-124a,miR-375,miR-29a,miR-126,miR-197,miR-233,and miR-320.The relationship between the pathogenesis of disease and miRNAs expression levels was analyzed.Results The levels of miRNA in the three diabetes groups were obviously higher than in the control group(P< 0.05).The miRNA expression level showed a certain trend in diabetic patients.The higher levels of miR-9,miR-124a,miR-375,and miR-29a were observed in the three diabetes groups,while the levels of miR-126,miR-197,miR-233,and miR-320 were decreased in these three groups.The expression levels of miR-9,miR 124a,miR-375,and miR-29a of miRNAs were correlated with the onset of diabetes(RR =5.96,6.32,5.24.5.69,all P< 0.05).Conclusions The level of miRNA is associated with the onset of diabetes that suggests it may be used to predict the occurrence and development of diabetes.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Metformin on inflammation,intestinal flora imbalance,and metabolic impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) Methods A total of 74 elderly patients with T2DM admitted to our hospital from October 2014 to October 2016 were included in this study and assigned into an intervention group(n=37)and a control group(n=37)according to the sequence of admission.The intervention group was treated with 0.5 g Metformin once a day for 2 weeks,while the control group was given a placebo with the same frequency as in the intervention group.Fresh pre-and post-treatment stool samples were collected in sealed sterile anaerobic growth bags for the detection of changes in patient intestinal flora.Serum inflammatory factor levels,blood glucose levels,and blood lipid levels were measured.Results Before treatment,the numbers of beneficial intestinal flora(bacillus bifidus,bacillus acidi lactici,and bacteroides)in the intervention group were lower than in the control group(all P<0.05);The levels of serum inflammatory factors(CRP,IL-6,and TNF-α)in the intervention group were higher than in the control group(all P <0.05);The levels of parameters for glucose and lipid metabolism(HbA1c,FPG,TC,TG,and LDL-C)in the intervention group were higher than in the control group,while the level of HDL-C was lower than in the control group (all P < 0.05).After treatment,the number of beneficial intestinal flora significantly increased in the intervention group(all P<0.05)but was not different from that in the control group(all P>0.05);The levels of serum inflammatory factors had significant reductions in the intervention group compared with pre-treatment levels(all P<0.05)but demonstrated no difference from those in the control group(all P>0.05);Parameters for glucose and lipid metabolism in the intervention group showed improvement(all P <0.05)after treatment but no difference was observed between these two groups(all P>0.05).Conclusions Metformin can effectively control blood glucose and blood lipid levels in elderly patients with T2DM,improve the chronic inflammatory state,increase the number of beneficial intestinal bacteria,and regulate flora imbalance.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed the role of the CCL5/CCR5 axis in the perineural invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) cells. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis and flow cytometric analysis were conducted to detect the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5 in SACC cells. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the expression of CCL5 in the supernate of human nerve cells. The flow cytometric analysis was applied to observe the changes in F-actin in SACC-LM cells, which were pretreated with CCL5. To assess the effects of the CCL5/CCR5 axis on the migration and invasion of SACC-LM cells, we performed a scratch test and invasion assay under CCL5 stimulation. RESULTS: CCR5 was highly expressed in SACC cells. The concentration of CCL5 in the supernatant of human nerve cells was (359.2±15.8), (696.4±22.6) pg·mL⻹. The CCL5/CCR5 axis promoted the migration and invasion of SACC-LM cells. CONCLUSIONS: The CCL5/CCR5 axis may be involved in the perineural invasion of SACC cells.
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Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico , Quimiocina CCL5 , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/genética , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/metabolismo , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Quimiocina CCL5/genética , Humanos , Receptores CCR5 , Receptores de Quimiocina , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/genética , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/metabolismo , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/patologíaRESUMEN
Objective To sequence and analyze the near full-length genome of an HIV-1 subtype G strain identified in Guangxi,China.Methods The demographic information of an individual infected with HIV-1 subtype G strain was investigated,whose peripherial blood was collected.Viral RNA in plasma was extracted.The near full-length genome of HIV was amplified in two halves using RT-nested-PCR.The PCR products were purified and sequenced.Phylogenetic analysis was made using MEGA6 software.Results A near full-length genome of 8847 bp was obtained.In the neighbor-joining tree,the strain clustered with subtype G references,as supported by the high Bootstrap value (100%).The closest phylogenetic relationship was found between our strain and another subtype G strain (JN106043)previously identified in Guangxi,which was supported by the genetic distance (5%)and high Bootstrap value (100%).Conclusion The strain identified in the study might have originated from subtype G strains in Guangxi,suggesting that subtype G has spread locally in Guangxi.Further surveillance of subtype G epidemic in Guangxi is necessary.The near full-length subtype G strain genome will provide information for the surveillance of HIV in Guangxi.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed the role of the CCL5/CCR5 axis in the perineural invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical analysis and flow cytometric analysis were conducted to detect the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5 in SACC cells. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the expression of CCL5 in the supernate of human nerve cells. The flow cytometric analysis was applied to observe the changes in F-actin in SACC-LM cells, which were pretreated with CCL5. To assess the effects of the CCL5/CCR5 axis on the migration and invasion of SACC-LM cells, we performed a scratch test and invasion assay under CCL5 stimulation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CCR5 was highly expressed in SACC cells. The concentration of CCL5 in the supernatant of human nerve cells was (359.2±15.8), (696.4±22.6) pg·mL⁻¹. The CCL5/CCR5 axis promoted the migration and invasion of SACC-LM cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The CCL5/CCR5 axis may be involved in the perineural invasion of SACC cells.</p>
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of mosapride combined acupoint massage on diabetic gastroparesis(DGP)in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods 150 cases of DGP in our hospital from April 2015 to May 2016 were collected and randomly divided into three groups:the conventional treatment group(n=35,in insulin treatment),the control group(n=52,in mosapride treatment),and the experimental group(n=63,in mosapride combined with acupoint massage treatment).All patients received the conventional diabetic therapy.Clinical efficacy,gastric emptying rate and the levels of serum gastrin and fasting blood glucose were observed and compared before versus after treatment among the three groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rate was 92.1% in the experimental group,versus 51.4% and 73.1% in the conventional treatment group and control group respectively,showing a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).There were significant differences in gastric emptying rate,the levels of serum gastrin and fasting blood glucose among the 3 treatment groups before versus after treatment.And gastric emptying rate,the levels of serum gastrin and fasting blood glucose were improved in the experimental groups compared with the conventional treatment and control groups(all P<0.05).The follow-up results showed that the adverse reactions and the recurrence rates were significantly lower in the experimental group than in conventional treatment group and control group(all P<0.05).Conclusions Mosapride combined with acupoint massage in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis have significant clinical effect,low recurrence rate and high safety,and is worthy of promotion.
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Objective To study the correlation of serum cardiac troponin levels and cardiovascular events in elderly type 2 diabetes patients,and provide the basis for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Totally 200 elderly type 2 diabetes patients were selected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,and divided into cardiac troponin-positive and negative groups according to serum cardiac troponin levels.The incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality was compared between the two groups.Results The levels of fructosamine and hemoglobin in cardiac troponin-positive group were significantly lower than those of cardiac troponin-negative group (P<0.05).The C-reactive protein levels were increased in cardiac troponin-positive versus negative group (P <0.05).The incidences of cardiovascular events and mortality in cardiac troponin-positive group showed higher than those of cardiac troponin-negative group[63.3% (19/30)vs.4.1 % (7/170),26.7% (8/30) vs.1.2% (2/170),x2 =73.45,28.44,all P<0.05].Conclusion Lower levels of serum fructosamine and hemoglobin,higher C-reactive protein level exist in diabetes patients with high cardiac troponin levels.The serum cardiac troponin level has a certain relationship with cardiovascular events in diabetes patients.
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Objective To explore the risk factors for patients with massive hemoptysis in tuberculosis and to provide a strategy for clinical treatment for tuberculosis massive hemoptysis (TMH). Methods Chi-square test and multivariate logistics analysis were applied to analyze the medical data of 241 cases of TMH. Results Chi-squared test showed that eleven factors were found to be significantly correlated with TMH. Longer disease course (≥3 months), lung lesions range ≥ 3 lung fields, pulmonary tuberculosis cavity, a higher smoking index (≥400 cigarettes per year) and clinical treatment were risk factors for TMH. Patients aged 45 years or older accompanied with bronchiectasia, pulmonary fungal infection, diabetes or hepatopathy had higher probabilities of developing massive hemoptysis. Multivariate analysis showed lung lesions range over 3 lung fields (OR = 2.447,P = 0.015), pulmonary tuberculosis cavity (OR = 2.486, P = 0.004), bronchial asthma (OR =3.192,P = 0.002), pulmonary fungal infection (OR = 3.896, P = 0.005) and hepatopathy (OR = 3.101, P =0.006) were final risk factors for TMH. Conclusion Multiple factors contributed to patients with massive hemoptysis in tuberculosis. Lung lesions range over 3 lung fields, pulmonary tuberculous cavities, bronchial asthma, lung fungal infection and hepatopathy might be the independent risk factors for TMH.
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Aim To investigate the effect of bufalin on proliferation and expression of WT1 in K562 cells. Methods The colony number of K562 cell was detec-ted with semi-solid culture assay. The cell cycle was measured by flowcytometry, and the expression of WT1 was observed with immunocytochemistry. Subcutaneous tumor models established by K562 cells in BALB/C nu/nu mice were divided into three groups, including model group, bufalin group and positive control group. After 21 days, the subcutaneous tumors were removed for calculating the inhibitory rate of tumor growth. HE staining and immunohistochemistry were used to ob-serve the morphological changes and the expression of WT1 . Results ① Bufalin could significantly decrease the colony number of K562 cell, arrest it at G0/G1 phase and down-regulate its expression of WT1 in a dose-dependent manner. ② Compared with the model group, the tumor inhibitory rate was much higher, while the volume and the weight were obviously lower in the other two groups. ③Bufalin could induce apop-tosis, necrosis, hemorrhage and fibrosis with HE stai-ning, and down-regulate the expression of WT1. Con-clusion Bufalin could inhibit the proliferation, arrest the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and down-regulate the expression of WT1 in vitro. Bufalin could inhibit the tumor inhibitory rate, the volume and the weight of the subcutaneous tumors, induce apoptosis, necrosis, hemorrhage and fibrosis with HE staining and down-regulate the expression of WT1 .
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Objective To explore the relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and glucolipid metabolism in elderly type 2 diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods Data collected from 97 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)admitted to the Department of Geriatric Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2014 to April 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into the T2DM group(type 2 diabetic patients without NAFLD,n= 47)and the NAFLD group(T2DM patients with NAFLD,N = 50).Healthy elderly subjects (n = 30)from the same period served as the control group.Body mass index(BMl),osteocalcin,fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,homeostasis model assessment for insulin secretion index (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),total cholesterol,triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL C)were compared between the 3 groups.Results Levels of fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,HbAlc,total cholesterol,triglyceride,LDL-C and HOMA IR were higher,while levels of HDL-C,HOMA-β and osteocalcin were lower in the T2DM and NAFLD groups than in the control group(all P<<0.05).Levels of BMI,fasting glucose,fasting insulin,HbAlc,total cholesterol,triglyceride,LDL-C and HOMA-IR were higher and levels of osteocalcin were lower in the T2DM group than in the NAFLD group(all P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the osteocalcin level was negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose,HbA1C,HOMA IR and BMI(r=-0.701,0.442,-0.337 and 0.543,P<0.05 or P<0.01),and positively correlated with HOMA-β (r = 0.341,P < 0.05) in the NAFLD group.With serum osteocalcin as the dependent variable,multiple linear regression results showed that fasting blood glucose was an independent influencing factor for serum osteocalcin(β=-1.57,P<0.05)in the fatty liver group.Conclusions Serum osteocalcin levels significantly decrease in elderly T2DM patients with NAFLD,are closely correlated with glucolipid metabolism,and may have some important clinical significance in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Objective To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of urethral injury in children ,and to discuss the effective treat-ment method .Methods The retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 73 cases of children urethral injury in this hospital during recent 10 years .Results 66 cases were male ,7 cases were female ,aged 1-15 years old(average 7 years old) .In the male ca-ses ,there were 8 cases of anterior urethral injury ,10 cases of bulbous urethral injury ,44 cases of posterior urethral injuries and 4 cases of bladder neck injury ;in the female cases ,there were 6 cases of urethral injury and 1 case of bladder neck injury .The once cure rate of urethral realignment was 78 .6% ,which of stageⅠ urethral anastomosis was 80% and which of stage Ⅱurethral repair was 69 .6% .Conclusion Different operation modes have their advantages and disadvantages .The corresponding treatment scheme should be formulated according to the comprehensive assessment of the patient′s general condition and damage types .
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Neutralizing antibodies are considered to be an important protective parameter used in HIV-l vaccine evaluation.However,the exact role that neutralizing antibodies plays in controlling the disease progression of HIV-1 infected peoples is still undetermined.In this paper,we compared the protective function of the neutralizing antibody response in the plasma from LTNP and TP against clade B and clade C pseudoviruses.No difference in the neutralizing activities between the plasma from LTNP and TP was found,which was consistent with the most recent reports.In addition,no correlations between the titer or breadth and CD4+ or viral load in HIV-1 infected individuals were found.The protective roles played by neutralizing antibodies in controlling disease progression of HIV-1 infected people need to be considered in a new viewpoint.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and features of thyroid nodules in middle and aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods High-resolution ultrasonography was used to detect thyroid nodules in 132 cases middle and aged patients with type 2 diabetes and 89 patients without diabetes.The nodule features and its relationships with related indicators in diabetic patients were analyzed. Results The prevalence of thyroid nodules in middle and aged patients with type 2 diabetes was higher than that without diabetes (67.4% vs. 53.9%,P<0.05),and most occurred in 50 to 59 age group (66.7% vs. 42.9%) without dependence on changes in thyroid functions and volumes.In diabetes group,the prevalence of thyroid nodules were 59.5% in male and 81.3% in female (P<0.05),no obvious difference was observed in the size and number of thyroid nodules between male and female,multiple nodules and micronodule (< 1.0 cm) had the higher incidences in both sexes.The prevalence of thyroid nodules was increased with aging,but not with diabetes duration and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) level (x2 =0.797,P=0.372; x2 =1.078,P =0.229). Conclusions It is common that thyroid nodules combined with diabetes in middle and aged patients,thyroid ultrasound screening and regular following-up of patients aged ≥50 years have important clinical significance.