RESUMEN
Diazinon (DZN) is an organophosphate pesticide characterized by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (E.C. 3.1.1.7), affecting the nervous system. There is currently enough evidence proving this pesticide also affects the immune response; however, the immunotoxicity mechanisms through which these substances exerts toxic effects remain unclear. For that reason, this work evaluated the effect of diazinon on the intracellular calcium flux, ERK1/2 phosphorylation (pERK1/2), apoptosis, senescence, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in spleen mononuclear cells (SMNC) of Nile tilapia, a teleost fish of commercial and ecological relevance. The results obtained indicate that diazinon causes significant damage in all evaluated parameters, which play an essential role in intracytoplasmic signaling of immune cells, suggesting these signal pathways could be related with the immunotoxicity mechanism of these type of pesticides.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Cíclidos/fisiología , Diazinón/efectos adversos , Insecticidas/efectos adversos , Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/efectos adversos , Animales , Calcio/metabolismo , Senescencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos/fisiología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/fisiología , Masculino , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Bazo/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are broad-spectrum insecticides. One of the commonly used OPs is diazinon (DZN). The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunotoxic effect of DZN on phagocytic parameters of blood leukocytes using the teleost fish Oreochromis niloticus as a study model. For this purpose, fish were exposed in vivo to 0.97, 1.95 and 3.97â¯mg/L of DZN for 6 and 24â¯h. Our results indicated that phagocytic active cells decreased in fish exposed in vivo to 0.97 and 1.95â¯mg/L of DZN for 6 and 24â¯h. Regarding ROS production, H2O2 and O2- levels were higher on fish exposed to 1.95â¯mg/L for 6 and 24â¯h, while H2O2 production increased at 0.97â¯mg/L for 24â¯h. From this we can conclude that phagocytic parameters are sensitive to assess the effect of acute intoxication with organophosphorus pesticides on Nile tilapia.