RESUMEN
Various hematologic malignancies and solid tumors are increasingly diagnosed in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and may be the presenting manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Multiple myeloma, however, has never been reported as the presenting manifestation of AIDS. We report on a 34-year-old man who presented with back pain, paresthesias, paraparesis, vertebral bony disease, and an associated soft tissue mass. Biopsy of the mass revealed immature plasmacytes with very faint cytoplasmic expression of kappa light chains. Bone marrow biopsy revealed 25% infiltration with poorly characterized malignant cells and 15% polyclonal plasma cells. Immunofixation of serum and urine was positive for IgG kappa and kappa light chains, respectively. A bone survey revealed lesions in the skull, left femur bone, and the pelvis. The diagnosis of an anaplastic myeloma was made. Because of the poorly characterized nature of the malignant cells and the difficulties in immunophenotyping, serologic evaluation for HIV was undertaken and was positive. The concept of myeloma as an opportunistic neoplasm defining AIDS was considered. We discuss this view and recommend that patients with multiple myeloma with poorly characterized myeloma cells as well as difficulties in immunophenotyping should undergo testing for HIV infection.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida , VIH-1 , Mieloma Múltiple , Adulto , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Donor cell leukemia after BMT has been documented in a small number of cases mainly by cytogenetic studies. We describe a case of leukemia relapse in a 16-year-old girl 1 year after BMT from her histocompatible brother. Relapse in donor cells was initially suspected on the basis of cytogenetic analysis and confirmed by DNA in situ hybridization in blast cells using a Y chromosome-specific probe.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Médula Ósea/efectos adversos , ADN de Neoplasias/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/cirugía , Adolescente , Antígenos de Neoplasias , Sondas de ADN , Femenino , Humanos , Hibridación in Situ , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/inmunología , Masculino , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras B/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras B/inmunología , Recurrencia , Donantes de Tejidos , Cromosoma YRESUMEN
Eighteen patients with advanced multiple myeloma resistant to VAD chemotherapy (vincristine, Adriamycin, dexamethasone) were treated with intravenous melphalan in a single-pulse dose of 50-70 mg/m2. Objective response (greater than or equal to 50% reduction of the monoclonal protein) was observed in 9 patients. The median duration of remission in the responding patients was 6 months and the median survival 11.5 months. The main toxicity noted was bone marrow suppression. We conclude that intermediate doses of intravenous melphalan are a useful therapeutic modality in refractory or relapsing myeloma patients.
Asunto(s)
Melfalán/administración & dosificación , Mieloma Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Dexametasona/administración & dosificación , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Vincristina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
We present a case of acute leukemia with morphologic, cytochemical, and immunophenotypic markers indicating that the population of blasts have characteristics of lymphoid and myelomonocytic origin. The cytogenetic study revealed the following mosaic abnormal karyotype: 46XX,dup(1)(q21----32)/46,XX,dup(11)(q13----25)/47,XX,trip(11) (q13----25),+der(17)t(17;?) (q24;?). The two clones involving #11 are obviously related. It is reasonable to assume that the third clone is an evolutionary result of the second one. Because no cytogenetic similarities were found among the first clone and the other two, we suggest that this mixed leukemia was of biclonal origin. To our knowledge, acute leukemia with mixed lineage characteristics and with the simultaneous presence of cytogenetically unrelated clones has not previously been reported.