The Potential Role of Gender in the Incidence, Management, and Outcomes of Stroke in Patients Suffering From COVID-19: A Brief Review.

Gender-disaggregated data are continuously needed in all aspects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including cerebrovascular disease in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. This brief review was conducted to summarize available evidence and highlight potential sex differences regarding the incidence, applied therapies, and outcomes of stroke in patients with COVID-19. Local and global registries of such patients were included, where comparisons with historical (pre-pandemic era) and contemporary (stroke patients negative for SARS-CoV-2) cohorts formed the basis of the analysis. According to the herein reported evidence, the frequency of stroke under COVID-19 does not seem to vary according to gender, although a tendency toward male predominance cannot be excluded. In terms of management and outcomes, more advanced therapies are used in men. Follow-up data on gender differences are needed, as the pandemic is evolving (no lockdowns; new strains; vaccinated or naturally immune populations).

Excessive Supraventricular Ectopic Activity and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Excessive supraventricular ectopic activity (ESVEA), in the form of frequent premature atrial contractions (PACs) and runs of PACs, is commonly observed in clinical practice and is frequently considered to be benign. Yet, recent studies have demonstrated a link between ESVEA and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the association between ESVEA and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke, and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to December 2017 to identify studies assessing adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ESVEA, recorded on ambulatory electrocardiography. ESVEA was defined as a burden of PACs > 30 PACs/h or any runs of ≥20 PACs. The risk estimates for EVSEA and each clinical endpoint were pooled and analyzed separately. RESULTS: Five studies comprising 7545 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that ESVEA doubled the risk of AF (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.70-2.82). ESVEA was also associated with a higher incidence of stroke (HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.24-4.02). Finally, ESVEA was associated with higher all-cause mortality (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.25-2.07). Our meta-analysis found that ESVEA is closely associated with AF, stroke, and all-cause mortality. Further studies are required to examine the implication of therapeutic strategies in patients with ESVEA, in order to prevent potential subsequent adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

P-wave alternans in a patient with hyponatremia.

We describe an unusual electrocardiographic (ECG) case of an alternating P-wave configuration that spares other ECG components. Hyponatremia due to chronic indapamide use was proposed as a plausible cause of this ECG phenomenon because its correction led to the recovery of a steady P-wave morphology.

Dysfunctional psychological responses among Intensive Care Unit nurses: a systematic review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence on dysfunctional psychological responses of Intensive Care Units nurses (ICUNs), with focus on anxiety and depressive symptoms and related factors. METHOD: A literature search was performed in CINAHL, PubMed and Scopus databases, from 1999 to present, along with a critical appraisal and synthesis of all relevant data. The following key words, separately and in combination, were used: "mental status" "depressive symptoms" "anxiety" "ICU nurses" "PTSD" "burnout" "compassion fatigue" "psychological distress". RESULTS: Thirteen quantitative studies in English and Greek were included. The results suggested increased psychological burden in ICUNs compared to other nursing specialties, as well as to the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Studies investigating psychological responses of ICUNs are limited, internationally. Future longitudinal and intervention studies will contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon.

Dysfunctional psychological responses among Intensive Care Unit nurses: a systematic review of the literature / Respostas psicológicas disfuncionais em enfermeiros de Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Respuestas psicológicas disfuncionales en enfermeros de Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

AbstractOBJECTIVETo systematically review evidence on dysfunctional psychological responses of Intensive Care Units nurses (ICUNs), with focus on anxiety and depressive symptoms and related factors.METHODA literature search was performed in CINAHL, PubMed and Scopus databases, from 1999 to present, along with a critical appraisal and synthesis of all relevant data. The following key words, separately and in combination, were used: "mental status" "depressive symptoms" "anxiety" "ICU nurses" "PTSD" "burnout" "compassion fatigue" "psychological distress".RESULTSThirteen quantitative studies in English and Greek were included. The results suggested increased psychological burden in ICUNs compared to other nursing specialties, as well as to the general population.CONCLUSIONSStudies investigating psychological responses of ICUNs are limited, internationally. Future longitudinal and intervention studies will contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon.

ResumoOBJETIVORever sistematicamente evidências de respostas psicológicas disfuncionais em Enfermeiros de Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (EUCI), com foco na ansiedade, sintomas depressivos e fatores relacionados.MÉTODOFoi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, com avaliação crítica e síntese de dados dos estudos, nas bases de dados da CINAHL, PubMed e Scopus, para o período de 1999 até ao presente. Foram utilizados os seguintes termos de pesquisa, individualmente ou em combinação: "estado mental" "sintomas depressivos" "ansiedade" "enfermeiros de UCI" "PTSD" "burnout" "fadiga da compaixão" "stress psicológico".RESULTADOForam incluídos treze estudos quantitativos em Inglês e Grego. Os resultados sugerem um aumento da carga psicológica nos EUCI comparativamente com outras especialidades de enfermagem, assim como com a população em geral.CONCLUSÕESEstudos internacionais de investigação sobre a resposta psicológica de EUCI são limitados. Estudos futuros, longitudinais e de intervenção, irão contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do fenômeno.

ResumenOBJETIVOBuscar evidencias de respuestas psicológicas disfuncionales en Enfermeros de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, con enfoque en la ansiedad, síntomas depresivos y factores relacionados.MÉTODORevisión sistemática, con evaluación crítica y síntesis de datos de los estudios, llevada a cabo en las bases de datos CINAHL, PubMed y Scopus, en el período de 1999 hasta el presente, utilizándose los siguientes términos de investigación, individualmente o en combinación: "estado mental", "síntomas depresivos", "ansiedad", "enfermeros de UCI", "estrés post traumático", "burnout", "fatiga por compasión" y "estrés psicológico".RESULTADOFueron incluidos trece estudios cuantitativos en Inglés y Griego. Los resultados sugieren un incremento de la carga psicológica en los Enfermeros de UCI comparativamente con otras especialidades de enfermería, así como con la población en general.CONCLUSIÓNEstudios internacionales de investigación acerca de la respuesta psicológica son limitados. Estudios futuros, longitudinales y de intervención, contribuirán a una mejor comprensión del fenómeno.

Acute anterior myocardial infarction after multiple bee stings. A case of Kounis syndrome.

A 58-year-old man with no history of cardiac diseases or cardiovascular risk factors was stung by honeybees. Soon after, he gradually developed signs of an allergic reaction followed by severe retrosternal pain. Electrocardiographic, echocardiographic evidence and positive biochemical markers were consistent with an acute anterolateral myocardial infarction. Coronary arteriography showed a left anterior descending artery thrombotic lesion. This is a case of Kounis syndrome, which is the concurrence of acute coronary syndromes with conditions associated with mast cell activation including allergic or hypersensitivity reactions as well as anaphylactic or anaphylactoid insults. The clinical implications and pathophysiology of this dangerous association are discussed.

Does the presence of anti-CCP autoantibodies and their serum levels influence the severity and activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients?

This study aims to investigate the association of the presence and of the titer of autoantibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides (aCCP), with clinical manifestations and disease activity in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). From January 2000 through December 2005, 135 patients were diagnosed with RA at the Rheumatology Unit of our hospital. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic parameters were evaluated in all patients at study entry and at every follow-up visit. Positivity in aCCP and also their levels were determined for all patients. At the end of the study, we reevaluated the above parameters, dividing patients into aCCP positive and aCCP negative. From 135 patients, 53.3% were aCCP positive. The majority of aCCP-positive patients were males (p<0.001), positive to rheumatoid factor (p<0.001) and current smokers (p<0.05). At diagnosis, aCCP-positive patients presented with higher tender joint counts (p<0.001) and swollen joint counts (p<0.001), and exhibited more active disease, expressed by higher disease activity scores for 28 joints (DAS-28) (p<0.001). At the end of the study, aCCP-positive patients also displayed more active disease, with higher DAS-28 (p<0.001), and more severe disease, as this was indicated by the higher radiological Larsen score (p<0.001). The serum levels of aCCP were not found to be associated with disease activity and severity. In early RA, the presence of aCCP is associated with increased disease activity and severity. This was found to be independent of circulating levels of aCCP.

Necrotic vasculitis in a patient with abdominal fibromatosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

The case of a 65-year-old woman presenting with Guillain-Barré syndrome is herein reported. Tomographic investigation revealed abdominal and retroperitoneal fibromatosis. During her hospitalization, renal involvement ensued, and subsequent renal biopsy demonstrated findings of crescentic pauci-immune glomerulonephritis negative for ANCA antibodies and with characteristics indicative of necrotic angiitis. The simultaneous existence of the three diseases in the same patient as well as the relation between necrotic vasculitis and G-B syndrome is speculated, and the relevant literature is reviewed.

Renal cancer in a patient with Crohn's disease and secondary amyloidosis.

Herein we report the case of a patient suffering from renal amyloidosis secondary to Crohn's disease (CD) who presented with anuria and anasarca 8 years after commencement of colchicine treatment. End-stage renal disease was confirmed. Renal imaging prior to hemodialysis showed tumor of the left kidney. Histopathology after nephrectomy revealed secondary amyloidosis as well as the existence of cancer (hypernephroma). We discuss the presence of renal amyloidosis secondary to CD and at the same time renal cancer development, a combination that has not been reported so far, and we emphasize the surprisingly long renal survival of this patient after colchicine treatment.

Strumpell's disease in a family with hereditary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Strumpell's familial spastic paraplegia is a rare hereditary disease, clinically characterized by progressive disturbance of gait. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a frequent glomerulopathy, with an extremely rare familial subtype. The cases of two brothers with Strumpell' s disease are reported, who also developed glomerular renal disease, most probably familial FSGS. The genetics of the two disorders, Strumpell's paraplegia and familial FSGS, are discussed, together with the possibility of a parallel transmission.

Total serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and C-reactive protein in metabolic syndrome with or without diabetes.

There are only a few data on the relationship of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), implicated in glucose homeostasis, and C-reactive protein (CRP), a measure of subclinical systemic inflammation, in patients with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The authors investigated, in a cross-sectional design, the correlation between total IGF-1 and CRP in 170 subjects. Among them 123 had the MetS (National Cholesterol Program ATP III definition) and 47 did not, and 136 had type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 34 did not. Anthropometric variables, clinical characteristics, as well as laboratory measurements, including total IGF-1 and CRP, were recorded. CRP levels showed a significant negative correlation with total IGF-1 concentrations, both in the whole study population (r = -0.252, p = 0.001) and the MetS group (r = -0.203, p = 0.025), regardless of the presence of DM. This correlation remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, and waist circumference (r = -0.18, p = 0.05). Both low IGF-1 and high CRP levels had an almost linear relationship with the number of MetS components (p = 0.029 and p = 0.020, respectively), suggesting a close relationship of both variables with the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk involved. The correlation between high CRP and low total IGF-1 might indicate that an increase in CRP levels may well be a key factor for the reduction in IGF-1 concentrations. Both factors are related to an increase in risk for MetS and CVD and this finding might have clinical implications in preventing or treating MetS, DM, and CVD. Given the cross-sectional design of the study, this finding should be confirmed by larger prospective and, it is hoped, interventional studies.