Nasal fossa dimensions in normal and nasally obstructed neonates and infants: preliminary study.

Computed tomography (CT) is a valuable imaging tool in the examination of neonates and infants with nasal obstruction. At present, however, it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the nasal fossa with CT as normative data and the relative significance of individual nasal fossa dimensions have not been established. A standardized CT image was proposed, and performed on a prospective cohort of 56 infants up to 1 year of age. A parental questionnaire was used to identify infants with nasal obstruction. Normative data for four nasal fossa dimensions are presented and analyzed. The statistical validity of these dimensions in the diagnosis of nasal obstruction was examined; only the maximal posterior bony diameter showed a significant difference between normal and nasally obstructed infants (t-test, P = 0.05). Examples of CT findings in the above-mentioned cases as well as past cases of "choanal stenosis' are demonstrated.

Plain film and CT observations in prostaglandin-induced bone changes.

Prostaglandin E1 intravenous infusion is used in infants with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease to maintain ductal patency and prolong life until palliative or corrective surgery is feasible. Complications of prostaglandin administration include fever, diarrhoea, hypotension, apnoea, bradycardia, pseudowidening of the cranial sutures, underossification of the calvarial bones, periostitis, and skin edema [1-3]. This paper presents dramatic plain radiographic features of prostaglandin-induced bone disease, including periosteal proliferation and the unusual bone-within-bone appearance, and provides the previously unpublished CT correlation.

Atypical leiomyoma arising in an hepatic vein with extension into the inferior vena cava and right atrium. Report of a case in a child.

We report an atypical leiomyoma arising in an hepatic vein and extending into the inferior vena cava and right atrium in a fourteen year old boy. US, CT and MRI facilitated diagnosis and removal of this tumor.

The scintigraphic and radiographic appearance of the ischiopubic synchondroses in normal children and in osteomyelitis.

Five cases of hematogenous osteomyelitis of the ischiopubic synchondrosis (IPS) were encountered among 180 patients with osteomyelitis treated over a 5-year period. Symptoms were poorly localized in all these IPS osteomyelitis patients. The IPS can normally show expansion and irregular mineralization radiographically and focal hyperconcentration of radiophosphates on scintigrams. Findings are frequently asymmetrical negating comparison with the contralateral side. In the cases of osteomyelitis, radiographs were abnormal at the time of presentation in only one of these five cases. In two of the four patients who had radionuclide bone scans, activity at the IPS exceeded that seen in a normal control population, but all showed loss of definition of the IPS and regional increased uptake permitting an early diagnosis.

Osteomyelitis of the ischiopubic synchondrosis.

Infection of the ischiopubic synchondrosis (IPS) is a diagnostic dilemma. This article reviews four such cases. All patients complained of ipsilateral groin pain, were febrile, and had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Initial radiographs were interpreted as normal but later showed increasingly lucent zones at the IPS. Radionuclide bone scans demonstrated diffusely increased uptake in the vicinity of the IPS. This contrasts with the discrete pattern seen with a normal IPS. Blood cultures were positive. Satisfactory outcomes were obtained with conservative treatment. Clinical presentation, laboratory results, radiographs, and bone scans must be correlated to distinguish this syndrome from a "normal radiologic variant".