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1.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35886710

RESUMEN

Relative leptin resistance in childhood to absolute leptin resistance in maturity suggests sleep, eating behaviour, and the psychological state as probable causes. The current body of research provides inconclusive evidence linking G2548A and Q223R to obesity. Furthermore, we could find very little data that have observed the association between the environment and gene polymorphism, especially in the multiethnic population that exists in Malaysia. This study searched for a possible link between sleeping habits, eating behaviour, and stress indicators with plasma leptin and its genetic variation in young adult Malaysian healthcare students. The study involved 185 first- and second-year medical and dental students from a healthcare university. Polymerase Chain Reaction−Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) determined the genotype, Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbant Assay (ELISA) tested the serum leptin, and a self-administered questionnaire evaluated sleep, eating behaviour, and psychological condition. Gender and ethnicity are linked to fasting plasma leptin levels (p < 0.001). Plasma leptin also affects stress, anxiety, and sadness. Leptin (LEP) and Leptin Receptor (LEPR) polymorphisms were not associated with BMI, plasma leptin, sleep, eating behaviour, or psychological state. Young adult Malaysian Indians were obese and overweight, while Chinese were underweight. These findings imply overweight and obese participants were in stage I of leptin resistance and lifestyle change or leptin therapy could prevent them from becoming cripplingly obese as they age.


Asunto(s)
Leptina , Receptores de Leptina , Índice de Masa Corporal , Ayuno , Conducta Alimentaria , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Leptina/sangre , Leptina/genética , Malasia/epidemiología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/genética , Sobrepeso , Polimorfismo Genético , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Receptores de Leptina/genética , Sueño/genética , Estrés Psicológico/genética , Estudiantes de Medicina , Adulto Joven
2.
Molecules ; 27(8)2022 Apr 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35458791

RESUMEN

Local tribes use the leaves of Ficus lepicarpa B. (Moraceae), a traditional Malaysian medicine, as a vegetable dish, a tonic, and to treat ailments including fever, jaundice and ringworm. The purpose of this study was to look into the possible therapeutic effects of F. lepicarpa leaf extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats. The DPPH test was used to measure the antioxidant activity of plants. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for the phytochemical analysis (GCMS). Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to the following treatment regimens: control group, CCl4 alone, F. lepicarpa 400 mg/kg alone, CCl4 + F. lepicarpa 100 mg/kg, CCl4 + F. lepicarpa 200 mg/kg and CCl4 + F. lepicarpa 400 mg/kg. The rats were euthanized after two weeks, and biomarkers of liver function and antioxidant enzyme status were assessed. To assess the extent of liver damage and fibrosis, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of liver tissue were undertaken. The total phenolic content and the total flavonoid content in methanol extract of F. lepicarpa leaves were 58.86 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g and 44.31 ± 0.10 mg CAE/g, respectively. F. lepicarpa's inhibitory concentration (IC50) for free radical scavenging activity was reported to be 3.73 mg/mL. In a dose-related manner, F. lepicarpa was effective in preventing an increase in serum ALT, serum AST and liver MDA. Histopathological alterations revealed that F. lepicarpa protects against the oxidative stress caused by CCl4. The immunohistochemistry results showed that proinflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2) were suppressed. The antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and free-radical scavenging activities of F. lepicarpa can be related to its hepatoprotective benefits.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas , Ficus , Hepatopatías , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Tetracloruro de Carbono , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Ficus/metabolismo , Hígado , Hepatopatías/metabolismo , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
4.
Environ Health Prev Med ; 22(1): 66, 2017 Sep 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29165163

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess the hepatoprotective potential of Commelina nudiflora against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats. METHOD: Antioxidant activities were determined. Phytochemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). In the in vivo study, Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with C. nudiflora (150, 300, and 450 mg kg body weight (b.wt.)) once daily for 14 days followed by two doses of CCl4 (1 ml/kg b.wt.). After 2 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and hepatoprotective analysis was performed. RESULTS: In vitro studies have shown that the extract possessed strong antioxidant activity and has ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-free radicals effectively. GCMS analysis of the C. nudiflora extract revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds. Administration of C. nudiflora significantly reduced the impact of CCl4 toxicity on serum markers of liver damage, serum aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT). C. nudiflora also increased antioxidant levels of hepatic glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes and ameliorated the elevated hepatic formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) induced by CCl4 in rats. Histopathological examination indicated that C. nudiflora protect the liver from the toxic effect of CCl4 and healed lesions such as necrosis, fatty degeneration, and hepatocyte injury as irregular lamellar organization and dilations in the endoplasmic reticulum. The immunohistochemical studies revealed that pretreatment of C. nudiflora decreased the formation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified protein adducts and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Furthermore, overexpression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 is also reduced. CONCLUSION: These findings exhibited the potential prospect of C. nudiflora as functional ingredients to prevent ROS-related liver damage.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/tratamiento farmacológico , Commelina/química , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Tetracloruro de Carbono/farmacología , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/etiología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Masculino , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
5.
J Environ Sci Health B ; 49(4): 271-8, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24502214

RESUMEN

The objective of this research is to study the possible reproductive adverse effects of diazinon on rat offspring exposed in utero and during lactation. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley female rats (10-12 week old) were randomly assigned to four groups, each consisting of six rats. Group 1 served as the control and these rats were given normal saline orally. Rats in groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered diazinon, dissolved in saline at 10, 15, 30 mg/ kg(-1) body weight, per oral, once daily, during mating, pregnancy and lactation. The male offsprings were examined at puberty and adulthood for body weight, testis weight, epididymis weight, sperm count, motility and morphology, pituitary-gonadal hormone levels. At 30 mg kg(-1) dose, the male offsprings showed a decrease in testicular weight, sperm count, motility, with an increase in abnormal sperm percentage and a decline in pituitary-gonadal hormones, at puberty. Upon attaining adulthood, there was a decrease in testicular weight, sperm count and motility with an increase in abnormal sperm percentage and a decrease in pituitary hormone level. There was evidence of some adverse reproductive effects on the male offspring at the 15 mg/ kg(-1) dose. Most of the adverse effects were irreversible and were evident at both puberty and adulthood in the offsprings, although a few parameters reverted to the normal growth pattern. Diazinon is a reproductive toxicant for male offsprings if exposed during prenatal and postnatal phases.


Asunto(s)
Diazinón/toxicidad , Exposición Paterna/efectos adversos , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/fisiopatología , Pubertad/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Testosterona/metabolismo , Animales , Diazinón/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Lactancia , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Hipófisis/efectos de los fármacos , Hipófisis/metabolismo , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/metabolismo , Pubertad/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Maduración Sexual/efectos de los fármacos , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Espermatozoides/citología , Testículo/citología , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/crecimiento & desarrollo
6.
Redox Rep ; 18(4): 155-64, 2013.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23849340

RESUMEN

The rapid emergence of various pesticides in the market is inevitable due to the demands from agriculture industries and domestic needs to control nuisance pests and to sustain green resources worldwide. However, long-term exposure to pesticide has led to adverse effects on male fertility. Organophosphate diazinon (O,O-diethyl-O-[2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl] phosphorothiote) is an often abusively used pesticide, as it is effective and economical. This study is to determine the adverse effects of low-dose diazinon exposure on the male reproductive system. In this study, 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were segregated into 1, 2, and 8 weeks of exposure groups and further sub-grouped (n = 6) to receive 0, 10, 15, and 30 mg/kg body weight diazinon treatment. Rats were gavaged orally with diazinon and sacrificed under anaesthesia the day after the last exposure. Our results showed that consistent diazinon exposure decreased glutathione and catalase, and increased lipid peroxidation which together lead to diazinon-mediated oxidative stress. Additionally, diazinon increased serum lactate dehydrogenase and decreased serum testosterone, which may have caused sperm and histopathological anomalies. In conclusion, exposure to diazinon caused changes in lipid peroxidation and sperm, and these two effects might be causally linked.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Diazinón/toxicidad , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Catalasa/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Testículo/patología , Testosterona/sangre
7.
Indian J Pharmacol ; 44(4): 512-5, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23087516

RESUMEN

AIM: To evaluate the pathogenesis in heart and liver by the early induction of biochemical and antioxidant derangements in rats exposed to endosulfan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were gavaged with endosulfan (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/kg body weight in sunflower oil) for a period of 21 days (single dose at 24 h interval). Control and sunflower oil control groups were also maintained simultaneously. Rats were sacrificed on the 22(nd) day posttreatment. Blood samples, heart and liver were collected and different biochemical parameters such as total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, amino acids and antioxidant and lipid peroxidation level were measured. Statistical analysis was carried out by one way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni' post-hoc test. RESULTS: Endosulfan induced a significant increase in the serum levels of total protein, amino acids, triglyceride, total cholesterol, free fatty acid and phospholipid levels in a dose-dependent manner. In the heart and liver, lipid peroxidation was increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner and the antioxidant levels such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent pattern. CONCLUSION: Exposure to endosulfan results in a significant derangement in the biochemical parameters with a decrease in antioxidant levels in the heart and liver. This is an early indication of pathogenesis in the vital organs of rats.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Endosulfano/toxicidad , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Miocardio/patología , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Peso Corporal/fisiología , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Corazón/fisiología , Cardiopatías/sangre , Cardiopatías/inducido químicamente , Cardiopatías/patología , Hepatitis Animal/sangre , Hepatitis Animal/inducido químicamente , Hepatitis Animal/patología , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Miocardio/enzimología , Miocardio/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
8.
J Occup Health ; 52(6): 353-60, 2010.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20924153

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between semen quality and exposure to pesticide residues. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among male farmers from 3 different communities in Sabah, Malaysia. A total of 152 farmers participated in this study of whom 62 farmers had been exposed to either paraquat or malathion or both to varying extents. Questionnaires were designed to record a history of pesticides exposure and other potential risk factors among farmers. All semen samples were collected, processed and analyzed by qualified personnel based on WHO guidelines. Volume, pH, sperm concentration, motility, morphology and WBC count were examined and recorded. The association between pesticide exposure and semen parameters was highly significant. RESULTS: The mean values of volume, pH, sperm concentration, motility, and WBC count were significantly less in the exposed group than in compared with the non-exposed group, with p<0.005. Those who were exposed to pesticides had greater risk of having abnormal semen parameters than those in with the non exposed group, with p values of less than 0.05. The comparison between semen qualities such as lower sperm count, motility and higher percentage of sperm abnormality of those exposed to different types of pesticides (paraquat and malathion) showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: The results showed a significant decline in semen quality with a decline in sperm count, motility and higher percent of teratospermia among subjects with pesticide exposure, and those who were exposed to pesticides had significantly 3 to 9 times greater risk of having abnormal semen parameters.


Asunto(s)
Agricultura , Herbicidas/efectos adversos , Insecticidas/efectos adversos , Malatión/efectos adversos , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Paraquat/efectos adversos , Análisis de Semen , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Malasia/epidemiología , Masculino , Plaguicidas/efectos adversos , Factores de Riesgo , Población Rural , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
10.
J Toxicol Sci ; 31(3): 177-89, 2006 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16960428

RESUMEN

Methyl parathion (MP) is an organophosphate pesticide used in agriculture, although quite often illegally used indoors to contain insects. The present study was planned to investigate the effects of MP on rat testis. Adult male Wistar rats (13-14 weeks) were treated with MP as follows. Experiment 1-0, 1.75, 3.5 or 7 mg/kg i.p. for 5 days and sacrificed on Day 14; experiment 2 and 3- 0, 0.5, or 1 mg/kg i.p. for 12 days, and sacrificed on Days 130 and 77, respectively; experiment 4- 0, 0.75, or 1.5 mg/kg i.p. for 25 days, and sacrificed on Day 17; experiment 5- 0 or 3.5 mg/kg po for 25 days, and sacrificed on Day 17, after the last exposure. MP decreased the body weight and the testis weight in experiments 4 and 5 (p<0.05-0.001) due to decreased food intake and tubular atrophy respectively. MP increased the intra-testicular testosterone level and decreased the LH level in experiments 4 and 5. The seminiferous epithelium showed sloughing of germ cells, vacuoles, focal necrosis, and formation of multinucleated giant cells, cellular degeneration (nuclear pyknosis, halo appearance and shrinkage of nuclei) and tubular atrophy, especially in experiment 4. The degree of testicular damage was higher in experiment 4>5>1>3>2 indicating more effect of prolonged i.p. treatment. Homogenization-resistant spermatid count was decreased in experiments 1, 4 and 5, and MP also decreased the tubular diameter, and epithelial height (p<0.05-0.001). Incidences of stage XIV tubules, number of meiotic figures and elongating spermatids were also decreased, whereas the incidence of tubules showing epithelial sloughing increased (p<0.05-0.001). We conclude that MP is a reproductive toxicant in male rats which causes significant testicular damage in the testis.


Asunto(s)
Insecticidas/toxicidad , Metil Paratión/toxicidad , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testosterona/análisis , Animales , Atrofia , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Hormona Luteinizante/análisis , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Espermátides/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/química , Testículo/patología
11.
Mutat Res ; 607(2): 240-52, 2006 Sep 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16793327

RESUMEN

Treatment of cancers with cytotoxic agents such as alkylating drugs often, but not always results in transient to permanent testicular dysfunction. The present study was planned to investigate the effects of dacarbazine [5-(3,3-dimethyltriazeno) imidazole-4-carboxamide] on testicular function in mice. Swiss albino mice (9-12 weeks old) were treated with 0, 5, 25, 50, or 100mg/kg body weight/day dacarbazine (i.p.) for 5 days at intervals of 24h between treatments. Mice were sacrificed on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49, and 70 after the last treatment (6 mice/dose/sample time), and the epididymal sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology, testicular histopathology (qualitative histopathology, seminiferous tubular diameter and epithelial height), and intra-testicular levels of testosterone and lactate dehydrogenase were assessed. Dacarbazine decreased the body weight only on day 28 at 25mg/kg dose-level, but increased the paired testes weights at 50mg/kg on day 7, at 25-100mg/kg on day 14, and at 25 and 50mg/kg on day 21 (P<0.05-0.01; one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test). The sperm count was decreased on all sampling days except at 5 and 25mg/kg dose-levels on day 70, but with severe oligospermia on days 28 and 35 (P<0.05-0.001). The sperm motility was decreased at 100mg/kg on days 14 and 21, at 5, 25, and 100mg/kg on day 28, and at all dose-levels on day 35 (P<0.05-0.001). Dacarbazine induced both head and tail abnormalities and some sperms with cytoplasmic droplets, but significant increase was seen in all dose groups on days 14 and 21, and at 100mg/kg dose-level on day 35. Drug-induced epithelial sloughing was seen on days 14-35 and other histopathological changes observed were vacuoles and abnormal cells. The STD was increased at 25-100mg/kg on day 7, at all dose-levels on day 14, at 50-100mg/kg on days 21 and 28, but without any effects on days 35-70 (P<0.05-0.001), and the tubular lumen was found dilated. The SE was increased on days 7, 21 and 28 at 100mg/kg and on day 14 at 50-100mg/kg. Dacarbazine reduced the intra-testicular testosterone level at 100mg/kg on day 7, at 5, 50 and 100mg/kg on day 14, at all dose-levels on days 21, 28, and 35, and at 50mg/kg on day 49 (P<0.05-0.001). The intra-testicular lactate dehydrogenase concentration increased at all dose-levels up to day 35, but without any effect on days 49 and 70 (P<0.05-0.001). There was no particular dose-response of dacarbazine on any parameters tested. The sperm count (except on day 7-positive correlation; Pearson product moment correlation) or sperm motility did not have any relation but increase in abnormal sperms showed negative correlation with decrease in testosterone level on days 7, 21 and 28. Decrease in sperm count was in negative correlation on days 14 and 35, and increase in abnormal sperms showed positive correlation on day 35 with increase in LDH level. Finally, the decrease in sperm motility had no correlation with increase in abnormal sperm shapes. We conclude that dacarbazine is genotoxic and cytotoxic to the mouse testis in a transient fashion, and these effects are exerted along with decrease in testosterone and increase in lactate dehydrogenase levels in the testis.


Asunto(s)
Dacarbazina/toxicidad , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/enzimología , Testosterona/metabolismo , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Epidídimo/citología , Epidídimo/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Oligospermia/inducido químicamente , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Túbulos Seminíferos/efectos de los fármacos , Túbulos Seminíferos/patología , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/patología , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patología
12.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol ; 22(3): 315-24, 2006 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21783726

RESUMEN

Methyl parathion (MP) is an organophosphate pesticide used in agriculture, but also illegally used to spray homes and businesses to control insects. The present study was designed to investigate adverse effects of MP on accessory reproductive organs. Male Wistar rats aged 13-14 weeks were treated and sacrificed as follows. Experiment 1: 0.0 (water vehicle), 1.75, 3.5 or 7mg/kg (i.p.) for 5 days and sacrificed on day 14; experiment 2: 0.0, 0.5 or 1mg/kg (i.p.) for 12 days and sacrificed on day 130; experiment 3: 0.0, 0.5 or 1mg/kg (i.p.) for 12 days and sacrificed on day 77; experiment 4: 0.0, 0.75 or 1.5mg/kg (i.p.) for 25 days and sacrificed on day 17 and experiment 5: 0.0 or 3.5mg/kg (p.o.) for 25 days and sacrificed on day 17, after the last exposure. The accessory reproductive organs were removed, weighed and processed for histopathological analysis. Structural qualitative changes such as epithelial cell morphology and luminal observations were carried out for each organ in all experiments. Epididymis of one side was homogenized and biochemical estimations of acid phosphatase (ACP), cholesterol, total protein, uric acid, and Vitamin C were conducted by calorimetric methods in experiments 4 and 5. In experiment 1 the organ weights did not change; in experiment 2, the epididymal weight increased (P<0.001); in experiment 3, the weights of ductus deferens decreased at 1mg/kg and that of seminal vesicle decreased at both dose-levels (P<0.001). In experiments 4 and 5, weights of epididymis and prostate decreased, whereas in experiment 5, weights of ductus deferens and seminal vesicle increased (P<0.05-0.001). The sperm density was normal in control, moderately decreased in experiment 1 at 3.5 and 7mg/kg; in experiment 2 at 1mg/kg, and in experiment 5 at 3.5mg/kg, and severely decreased in experiment 3 at 1mg/kg and in experiment 4 at both dose-levels. The epithelial necrosis and nuclear pyknosis were seen in experiments 1, 3, 4 and 5, whereas nuclear degeneration was seen in experiment 1 and 4 and germ cells in the lumina of epididymis were seen in experiment 4. The nuclear pyknosis in the ductus deferens was seen in all experiments, except at 1.75mg/kg in experiment 1 and at 0.5mg/kg in experiment 3. Brush border disruption in the ductus deferens was seen in experiments 1 and 4; sperms were seen in the lumen in experiment 1 at 7mg/kg, and in experiments 4 and 5. The vacuoles in the epithelium were seen in experiments 1 and 4 and immature germ cells were seen in the lumen in experiment 4. The ACP and Vitamin C levels decreased in experiment 4 at both dose-levels, and in experiment 5 all biochemical parameters tested found decreased (P<0.01-0.001). The present results indicate that MP affects the structure and function of accessory reproductive organs in the rat.

13.
Folia Morphol (Warsz) ; 64(2): 65-71, 2005 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16121321

RESUMEN

The present study was planned to evaluate the toxic effects of ribavirin on the reproductive parameters in the male Wistar rat. Rats (11--13 weeks old) were treated with 5 injections (i.p.) of 20, 100 or 200 mg/kg/day ribavirin at intervals of 24 h. The testes were processed for histopathological analysis on days 14, 35, 70 and 105 after the last exposure. The parameters studied were body weight, the weights of the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate, seminiferous tubular diameter (STD), epithelial height (SE), epithelial sloughing, incidence of stage XIV tubules, sperm abnormality and total serum level of testosterone. Data were analysed by ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test for significances between different groups. There was a decrease in body weight and organ weights, excluding those of the testis and epididymis, against control at higher dose-levels. Ribavirin induced the formation of vacuoles, gaps and sloughing of the seminiferous epithelium. The STD, SE and the incidences of stage XIV tubules decreased on days 14 and 35. Ribavirin also induced the formation of sperm with microcephaly and cephalocaudal junction defects, with or without fibrils jetting out. All these morphological defects recovered to control limit by day 105. The serum level of testosterone was decreased at all dose-levels and time points, although recovery had started by day 105. In conclusion, ribavirin is gonadotoxic in male rats but the effects are reversible after a period of 105 days. However, the endocrine-disrupting properties of ribavirin persist beyond this period.


Asunto(s)
Antivirales/toxicidad , Genitales Masculinos/efectos de los fármacos , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Ribavirina/toxicidad , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Genitales Masculinos/patología , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/patología , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/patología , Testosterona/sangre
14.
Mutat Res ; 581(1-2): 187-90, 2005 Mar 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15725618

RESUMEN

The genotoxic effect of the herbicide paraquat was studied in rat bone-marrow by means of the micronucleus assay. Paraquat at dose levels of 6, 15 and 30 mg/kg body weight was given to rats in a single application via the dermal route. Marrow was collected at 24, 48 and 72 h after the application. The micronucleus assay was done as recommended by standard procedures. Paraquat gave rise to an increase in the number of micronuclei in a dose-dependent manner. The number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes showed a maximum at 48 h and the toxicity was further prolonged, as there was no complete recovery at 72 h. These findings suggest a genotoxic effect of paraquat even after exposure via dermal application.


Asunto(s)
Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Citotoxinas/farmacología , Herbicidas , Mutágenos/farmacología , Paraquat , Administración Cutánea , Animales , Cromosomas/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Eritrocitos/citología , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Herbicidas/administración & dosificación , Herbicidas/farmacología , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Paraquat/administración & dosificación , Paraquat/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
17.
Asian J Androl ; 6(3): 223-6, 2004 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15273871

RESUMEN

AIM: To observe the effect of tamoxifen citrate on spermatogenesis and tubular morphology in rats. METHODS: The effect of tamoxifen citrate i.g. at doses of 400 and 800 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) in 0.1 mL olive oil for 30 days on seminiferous tubular morphology, seminiferous epithelial diameter (STD), epithelial height (SEH), epididymal sperm count and percent abnormal sperm were evaluated at day 1, 12 and 36 after treatment. Controls were given the vehicle. RESULTS: The higher dose resulted in tubular atrophy on day 31. The STD, SEH and sperm count were decreased and the abnormal spermatozoa increased in a dose-dependent manner with the maximal effect on day 36. CONCLUSION: Tamoxifen citrate induces tubular shrinkage and atrophy and sperm abnormality at a dose-dependent manner.


Asunto(s)
Túbulos Seminíferos/anatomía & histología , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Tamoxifeno/farmacología , Animales , Células Epiteliales/citología , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratas , Túbulos Seminíferos/efectos de los fármacos , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Espermatogénesis/fisiología
18.
Asian Journal of Andrology ; (6): 223-226, 2004.
Artículo en Inglés | WPRIM (Pacífico Occidental) | ID: wpr-300848

RESUMEN

<p><b>AIM</b>To observe the effect of tamoxifen citrate on spermatogenesis and tubular morphology in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effect of tamoxifen citrate i.g. at doses of 400 and 800 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) in 0.1 mL olive oil for 30 days on seminiferous tubular morphology, seminiferous epithelial diameter (STD), epithelial height (SEH), epididymal sperm count and percent abnormal sperm were evaluated at day 1, 12 and 36 after treatment. Controls were given the vehicle.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The higher dose resulted in tubular atrophy on day 31. The STD, SEH and sperm count were decreased and the abnormal spermatozoa increased in a dose-dependent manner with the maximal effect on day 36.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tamoxifen citrate induces tubular shrinkage and atrophy and sperm abnormality at a dose-dependent manner.</p>


Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Células Epiteliales , Biología Celular , Túbulos Seminíferos , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Espermatogénesis , Fisiología , Tamoxifeno , Farmacología
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