Caryospora neofalconis and other enteroparasites in raptors from Mexico.

A coprological survey of enteroparasites in raptors (60 Falconiformes) from Central Mexico is reported. Three samples contained coccidian unsporulated oocysts, one contained Eimeria sp., one contained trematode eggs and one contained capillarid and trematode eggs and Eimeria sp. After sporulation at the laboratory, oocysts from a Falco peregrinus were identified as Caryospora neofalconis. The phylogenetic analysis of the C. neofalconis (GenBank accession number KT037081) showed a close relationship to the Australian strain RY 2014 isolate 16710 (GenBank accession number KJ634019) of Caryospora daceloe, with 99.2% similarity. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of C. neofalconis in raptors from Mexico and the Americas.

The influence of connectivity in forest patches, and riparian vegetation width on stream macroinvertebrate fauna.

We assessed two dimensions of stream connectivity: longitudinal (between forest patches along the stream) and lateral (riparian vegetation), using macroinvertebrate assemblages as bioindicators. Sites representing different land-uses were sampled in a lowland basin that holds a mosaic of protected areas. Land-use analysis, forest successional stages and riparian zone widths were calculated by the GIS analysis. Macroinvertebrate fauna was strongly affected by land-use. We observed a continuous decrease in the number of sensitive species, %Shredders and IBE-IOC biotic index from the upstream protected area to highly deforested sites, increasing again where the stream crosses a Biological Reserve. When analysing buffer strips, we found aquatic fauna responding to land-use alterations beyond the 30 m riparian corridor (60 m and 100 m wide). We discussed the longitudinal connectivity between forest patches and the riparian vegetation buffer strips necessary to hold high macroinvertebrate diversity. We recommend actions for the increase/maintenance of biodiversity in this and other lowland basins.

The influence of connectivity in forest patches, and riparian vegetation width on stream macroinvertebrate fauna / Influência da conectividade dos fragmentos florestais e da largura da vegetação ripária sobre a fauna de macroinvertebrados em um ecossistema lótico

We assessed two dimensions of stream connectivity: longitudinal (between forest patches along the stream) and lateral (riparian vegetation), using macroinvertebrate assemblages as bioindicators. Sites representing different land-uses were sampled in a lowland basin that holds a mosaic of protected areas. Land-use analysis, forest successional stages and riparian zone widths were calculated by the GIS analysis. Macroinvertebrate fauna was strongly affected by land-use. We observed a continuous decrease in the number of sensitive species, %Shredders and IBE-IOC biotic index from the upstream protected area to highly deforested sites, increasing again where the stream crosses a Biological Reserve. When analysing buffer strips, we found aquatic fauna responding to land-use alterations beyond the 30 m riparian corridor (60 m and 100 m wide). We discussed the longitudinal connectivity between forest patches and the riparian vegetation buffer strips necessary to hold high macroinvertebrate diversity. We recommend actions for the increase/maintenance of biodiversity in this and other lowland basins.(AU)

Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas duas dimensões de conectividade em um ecossistema lótico: longitudinal (entre fragmentos florestais ao longo do córrego) e lateral (mata ripária), utilizando-se assembléias de macroinvertebrados como indicadores. Pontos que representam diferentes tipos de usos da terra foram amostrados em uma bacia de planície litorânea, que abriga um mosaico de áreas protegidas. As análises de uso da terra, os estágios de sucessão florestal e as diferentes larguras da zona ripária foram calculados utilizando-se um SIG. A fauna de macroinvertebrados foi fortemente afetada pelo uso da terra. Partindo-se da área protegida à montante, observou-se um decréscimo contínuo do número de espécies sensíveis, da porcentagem de fragmentadores e do índice biótico IBE-IOC até o trecho fortemente desflorestado, no médio curso do rio; os valores aumentam novamente, quando o rio atravessa uma Reserva Biológica. Ao analisar a largura da vegetação ripária, constatou-se que a fauna aquática responde às alterações além do corredor ripário com 30 m de largura (60 m e 100 m de largura). Discutiu-se sobre a conectividade longitudinal entre fragmentos florestais e sobre a largura necessária da vegetação ripária para manter a alta diversidade de macroinvertebrados. Dessa forma, foram feitas recomendações visando a favorecer o aumento/a manutenção da biodiversidade, tanto na bacia analisada como em outras bacias localizadas em planícies litorâneas.(AU)

Rapid detection of rotavirus in faeces using a dipstick system with monoclonal antibodies and colloidal gold as marker.

Rotavirus (RV) is known to be the most common cause of severe diarrhoea in infants and young children, each year leading to an estimated 800,000-900,000 deaths. RV also infects bovines and other species, with high morbidity and mortality. A rapid and simple 'naked-eye' dipstick system was developed to detect human RV in faeces, using nitrocellulose as solid phase, two monoclonal antibodies, and colloidal gold as marker. The system detects 10(4) viral particles (1-2 ng)/g of faeces. For human RV the specificity and sensitivity were 100% when compared with a commercial latex system, and 99% and 98%, respectively, when correlated with traditional RNA-PAGE, and 100% and 98% compared to an ELISA system.

[Risk of chronic oral anticoagulant treatment in elderly patients]. / Riesgo del tratamiento anticoagulante oral crónico en pacientes de mayor edad.

To assess age-related risks of long term anticoagulation, the records of 348 patients followed up at our university hospital outpatient anticoagulation clinic during a seven year period were reviewed. There were 129 patients, under 56 years of age, 144 from 56 to 69 and 75 over 70 years old. The total observation period was 1089 patient-years (3.3 yrs per pt). 64% of the patients had adequate anticoagulation level (prothrombin time < 35%, INR 2.2-4.5) 70 to 100% of the observation period. Prothrombin time was slightly, but significantly higher in the elderly group. During this period 21 patients developed major bleeding complications (1.84/100 pt yrs), 8 of them with fatal intracranial hemorrhages, and 20 embolic complications (1.93/100 pt yrs), 3 of them fatal. No significant differences in the incidence of both bleeding and embolic complications were observed in the three groups. The results of this retrospective follow-up study suggest that long term anticoagulation can be carried out in elderly pts with risk of hemorrhagic and embolic complications similar to those observed in the general population.