Retrospective study of 155 cases of prolapse of the nictitating membrane gland in dogs.

A retrospective study of 155 cases (114 dogs). The breed, sex and age at the time of the first and opposite onset of nictitans gland prolapse were recorded. Long-term follow-up with a minimum of one-year duration was performed by telephone conversations. One hundred and fourteen dogs representing 155 nictitans gland prolapses were included. 75.4 per cent of the first prolapse occur before one year of age. Unilateral nictitans gland prolapse was observed in 64 per cent of cases. When the condition was bilateral, it occurred simultaneously in 41.4 per cent. When it was bilateral but not simultaneous (24/41), the opposite gland prolapse occurred within three months in 70.8 per cent of the cases. Five breeds were most commonly affected by the bilateral condition: French bulldog, shar pei, great dane, English bulldog and cane corso.

A new surgical method for the control of the epiphora in dogs: modified parotid duct transposition.

A five-year-old, female, spayed beagle with a history of unilateral epiphora of several months' duration as a result of inadequacy of the lacrimal drainage system was treated successfully with a new surgical method of parotid duct transposition. Data from complete preoperative ophthalmological examination, surgical technique, postoperative treatment, contrast radiography and histological examination were recorded. Absence of complications and complete patency of the stoma at 30 days after surgery confirmed the validity of this new technique. The use of an anatomic duct may be advantageous compared with the current techniques of conjunctivorhinostomy, conjuntivobuccostomy and conjunctival maxillary sinusostomy for the treatment of epiphora in the dogs caused by inadequacy of the lacrimal drainage system.

Care of the pediatric patient with brain injury in an adult intensive care unit.

Numerous differences exist between the pediatric and adult brain-injured patient. However, children with brain injuries are frequently cared for in adult Intensive Care Units (ICUs). This article is primarily designed for the nurse caring for the pediatric brain-injured patient in an adult ICU; however, because it is a current review, it can be useful to the pediatric practitioner. The article examines the care of the brain-injured child, including monitoring, psychosocial considerations, and supportive care with emphasis on avoiding secondary brain injury by decreasing and maintaining intracranial pressure. Differences between the pediatric patients and the adult patient are highlighted throughout.