Exploiting benzilic acid as a modular template: controlling photoreactivity and solid to liquid transition during photodimerization.

A well-known molecule, benzilic acid, is used as a [2+2] photodimerization template by using third-generation crystal engineering principles. This template utilizes orthogonality and non-covalent interactions in an optimized way and is shown to be effective in tuning the photoreactivity of styryl pyridine derivatives. The photo-induced crystal-to-liquid transformation was observed during photodimerization. This phenomenon is explained based on slip plane and energy framework analysis.