[The role of the main risk factors and endocrine cells of the antrum of the stomach producing motilin in the occurrence of cholelithiasis].

AIM: To establish the role of the main risk factors and endocrine cells of the antrum of the stomach producing motilin (M-cells) in the occurrence of cholelithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The first group included 122 patients with cholelithiasis. The second group consisted of 30 healthy individuals who underwent medical examination. The groups were matched for gender and age. The work analyzed anamnestic, biochemical and anthropometric data. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with targeted biopsy of the mucous membrane from the antrum. Biopsies were subjected to cytological and immunohistochemical studies in order to verify Helicobacter pylori and estimate the number of M-cells. RESULTS: Patients with cholelithiasis more often belonged to the group of people of mental labor, had low physical activity, were committed to inappropriate nutrition and more often indicated the presence of aggravated heredity for cholelithiasis. Patients with gallstone disease had higher body mass index, waist volume, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, H. pylori infection was more often verified and M-cell hypoplasia in the mucous membrane was established. stomach in comparison with the representatives of the second group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that certain external factors, nutritional characteristics of the metabolic syndrome components, hypoplasia of M-cells in the gastric mucosa are important factors in the formation of calculi in the gallbladder.

Differentiation of Central Slovenian and Moscow populations of Rana temporaria frogs using peptide biomarkers of temporins family.

Skin secretion represents the only means of defense for the majority of frog species. That phenomenon is based on the fact that the main components of the secretion are peptides demonstrating greatly varying types of bioactivity. They fulfill regulatory functions, fight microorganisms and may be even helpful against predators. These peptides are considered to be rather promising pharmaceuticals of future generation as according to the present knowledge microorganisms are unlikely to develop resistance to them. Mass spectrometry sequencing of these peptides is the most efficient first step of their study providing reliably their primary structures, i.e., amino acids sequence and S-S bond motif. Besides discovering new bioactive peptides, mass spectrometry appears to be an efficient tool of taxonomy studies, allowing for distinguishing not only between closely related species, but also between populations of the same species. Application of several tandem mass spectrometry tools (CID, HCD, ETD, EThcD) available with Orbitrap mass analyzer allowed us to obtain full sequence of about 60 peptides in the secretion of Slovenian population of brown ranid frog Rana temporaria. The problem of sequence inside C-terminal cycle formed by two Cys and differentiation of isomeric Leu and Ile residues was done in top-down mode without any derivatization steps. Besides general biomarkers of Rana temporaria species, Central Slovenian population of Rana temporaria demonstrates six novel temporins and one brevinin 1, which may be treated as biomarkers of that population.

Absorption of lincomycin through the respiratory pathways and its influence on alveolar macrophages after aerosol administration to chickens.

A concentration of 250 mg m-3 lincomycin was administered by aerosol to 40 chickens, weighing between 1900 and 2200 g. The birds were killed in groups of five at different intervals after dosing, and the trachea, lungs and blood serum were examined for antibiotic content by bioassay. The antibiotic was present at high levels in the trachea for one to 24 hours, and significant levels were present in the lungs and serum. Respiratory macrophages were obtained from the lungs and air sacs of the chickens by lavaging through the surgically prepared trachea with a paediatric urinary catheter. The macrophages were identified by morphology as round or slightly amorphous, refractile, frequently grannular cells; they phagocytosed Staphylococcus aureus 6538.

[Extracellular DNA of blood after irradiation]. / Vnekletochnaia DNK krovi posle oblucheniia.

It has been shown that blood extracellular DNA of irradiated rats largely consists of the low-molecular DNA and its oligomers. Molecular masses of oligomers are multiple to molecular mass of monomer fragment with nucleosome size. The low-molecular DNA has linear form. The average content of GC-pairs in low-molecular DNA is higher than in total rat's DNA (48.5% against 41.5%). The low-molecular DNA is a part of complex containing RNA, acidic proteins and lipids. It is assumed that the formation of low-molecular DNA is a result of Ca/Mg-dependent nuclear endonuclease action.

[Structure of low-molecular DNA in the blood plasma of irradiated rats]. / O strukture nizkomolekuliarnoi DNK plazmy krovi obluchënnykh krys.

Low-molecular DNA in blood plasma of rats appeared after gamma-irradiation in a dose 8-100 Gy. This DNA has been cloned and the 26 clones have been sequenced. The search for sequence similarity between the designated sequences and sequences in EMBL allowed the three homology to LINE 3 sequences to be found. The differences in the structure of low-molecular DNAs extracted from rat blood plasma after irradiation of rats in doses 8 and 100 Gy were not found.

[Cesarean section and postoperative infectious-inflammatory complications. II. A comparative evaluation of 2 methods for antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean section]. / Sectio caesarea i sledoperativni infektsiozno-vuzpalitelni uslozhneniia. II. Sravnitelna otsenka na dva metoda na antibiotichna profilaktika [correction of diagnostika] pri sectio caesarea.

The authors compare two methods for antibiotic prophylaxis of infectious-inflammatory complications in cesarean section: 1. Widely distributed mass prophylaxis with penicillin and gentamicin and 2. selective prophylaxis with Azlocillin, performed after determination, of the degree of the risk. 233 cesarean section were included in the study, 122 of which were treated by the first method. 59 out of 11 cesarean sections were evaluated as such with high risk and respectively treated with Azlocillin, but 52 of the women with low risk were not treated with antibiotic. The results show the advantages and economic benefits of the selective antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean section.

[Effect of the bacterial count in the air on chickens and laying hens raised commercially]. / Vliianie na kolichestvoto bakterii vuv vuzdukha vurkhu pileta i kokoshki nosachki, otglezhdani pri promishleni usloviia.

Investigations were carried out to establish the amount of bacteria in the air on the premises for raising young birds and laying hans as well as in the respiration organs of the birds. Attempts were made to lower the microbism on the premises through the aerosol spray of Lugol solution. It was found that under industrial conditions there existed a rising trend with microbism both on the premises and in the respiratory organs of the birds, parallel to the advance in age which contributed to the enhancement of mortality rate and the drop of productivity. The use of Lugol solution in the form of spray was shown to produce a favourable effect on the health and productivity of birds.

[Stability of Aujezky's disease virus strain MK25 in an aerosol]. / Stabilnost na virusa na bolestta na Aueski--shtam MK25 v aerozol.

Twenty-two tests were carried out to evaluate the stability of the virus of Aujeszky's disease in aerosol. Use was made of a aerosol chamber of a flow dynamic type, 450 l, of 60 l/min of passing air, 5 min. exposure, 80-100 per cent relative humidity, and temperature range of 14-21.2 degrees C. The size of aerosol particles surpassed 5 micron, and changed according to the composition of the dilution medium of the vaccine. The aerosol was sampled via impinger at the rate of air flow of 5.2 l/min. Tested were the stabilizing properties of 2% glycerin, 10% pepton, 0.8-2.0% saccharose, 2% gelatin, and 5% skimmed milk added to the extender consisting of a 0.2 M phosphate buffer saline, pH 7, specifically for the MK25 strain of the Aujeszky's disease virus in a dispersed status. Highest stability, reaching 11.2% survival rate of the virus in aerosol was recorded at the dispersion of the vaccine in a 0.2 M buffer saline with the addition of 10% pepton and 0.8% saccharose at pH 7.

Interrelation between lipidemia and somatomedin activity in cancer and age-associated pathology.

The study included 191 patients with obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, endometrial cancer, breast cancer and healthy subjects of various age. Somatomedin activity was determined by incorporation of radioactive natrium sulfate in vitro into the cartilage of female rats. The results of the study showed that somatomedin activity was not changed in subjects with normal metabolic parameters and ranged from 0.47 to 0.69 U/ml. In patients with diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and obesity accompanied by increased blood concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides, somatomedin activity rose up to 1.36- 1.62 U/ml. In patients with breast and endometrial cancer somatomedin activity was also increased, particularly in those with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (3.04 U/ml for breast cancer patients and 2.20 U/ml for endometrial cancer patients). Theoretically, this may promote proliferation of somatic cells and thus contribute to tumor processes in oncological patients whose pool of cells is extremely sensitive to mitogenic agents.

[Complications after the premature termination of an unwanted pregnancy as an etiological factor in spontaneous abortions and the motives for abortions on demand]. / Uslozhneniiata sled prezhdevremenno prekusvane na nezhelana bremennost kato etiologichen faktor na spontanite aborti i motivi za abortite po zhelanie.

PIP: The author examined 221 pregnant women at the 3rd city hospital in Sofia. 157 women had experienced spontaneous abortion of a desired pregnancy and 64 women had normal pregnancies and were included in the control group. 59 of 157 women had induced abortions. Motives for interruption of undesired pregnnacy were: a small child, small house, illegitimate pregnancy, etc. (Author's modified)^ieng