Evaluating the Efficacy of the Occlusal Splint on the Muscle Activity with the Transducer in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome.

Aim: A prospective study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of occlusal splint therapy for the management of temporomandibular joint disorder. Objective: This study recorded the activity of anterior temporalis and masseter muscles in patients with TMD using a transducer before and after conservative management with splint therapy. Results: The results suggested that VAS mean dropped from 21.2 to 11% for temporalis and from 12.6 to 7% for masseter. Conclusion: The study concludes that the occlusal splints has a prominent action on muscles of mastication and can be effectively used in early stages of TMD.

Evaluation of the efficacy of tranexamic acid on blood loss in orthognathic surgery. A prospective, randomized clinical study.

The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double blind study was to assess the effect of tranexamic acid on blood loss, quality of surgical field and duration of surgery in adolescent orthognathic surgery patients. 50 consecutive patients, scheduled for orthognathic surgery were included. The study group (n=25) received tranexamic acid 10mg/kg as a bolus preoperatively followed by 1mg/kg as a maintenance dose intra operatively; the control group (n=25) received placebo (normal saline). All patients received moderate hypotensive anaesthesia with nitroglycerin and had surgery according to a standard protocol. Intra operative blood loss, duration of surgery, quality of surgical field, blood transfusion and complications, if any, were recorded. The mean total blood loss was 166.1±65.49ml in the study group and 256.4±77.80ml in the control group. The results showed statistically significant reduction in blood loss (p<0.001) and improved quality of surgical field (p<0.001) in the study group. There was no significant difference in duration of surgery and transfusion requirements between the two groups. In conclusion, preoperative and intra operative administration of the antifibrinolytic agent, tranexamic acid, is effective in controlling blood loss and improving the quality of the surgical field.

Esthetic evaluation of the treated unilateral cleft lip using photographs and image analysis software: a retrospective study.

AIM: The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate the surgical outcome of unilateral cleft lip patients treated by Dr. Adenwalla's modification of Millards rotation advancement technique using image analysis software. METHOD: Of the unilateral cleft lip cases done by a single surgeon using Dr. Adenwalla's modification of Millard's rotation advancement technique, only 11 cases satisfied the photographic standardization criteria (frontal view with both ears visible to minimize rotation and least nostril show to minimize tilt) and were included in this study. These photographs were acquired into the imageJ Software and Farkas cleft-related landmarks were marked on the lip area. The values of treated cleft side and the normal side were used to work out a Cleft Lip Component Symmetry Index. A value of 100 would indicate perfect symmetry of the lip. A value of either less or more would mean a degree of asymmetry. RESULT: The horizontal lip length, vertical lip length from the top of the Cupid's bow to subnasale and nostril floor width were slightly increased on treated side of the lip and the vertical lip length from the top of the Cupid's bow to the alar base, the Cupid's bow width and vermilion length on the treated side were slightly decreased when compared to the normal side. Even though there were some differences, it was not statistically significant. The horizontal and vertical lip lengths, the Cupid's bow width, vermilion length and nostril floor width were almost symmetrical. CONCLUSION: Computer assisted anthropometric analysis of photographs using imageJ software demonstrates that Dr. Adenwalla's modification of Millard's rotation and advancement technique produces esthetic lip symmetry consistently.

Three dimensional CT reconstruction: a comparison between 2D, 3D CT and original anatomical structures.

Conventional two dimensional computed tomography has provided significant advancement in clinical diagnosis with information on cross-sectional anatomy of various parts of the body. However, three dimensional representations are not directly available. This is now made possible by recent development of CAD software and CT equipments and technique such as multiplanar reformation capable of providing 3D reconstruction using 2D CT data. This article evaluates the accuracy of measurements and dimensions in 3D CT reconstruction.

Simultaneous genial distraction and interposition arthroplasty for management of sleep apnoea associated with temporomandibular joint ankylosis.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis affects the growth of the mandible and results in gross facial deformities. A critical clinical feature of long-standing TMJ ankylosis is retrogenia, which when combined with an inability to open the mouth leads to severe compromise of the airway. A case is presented of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome secondary to TMJ ankylosis that was corrected by a new technique employing simultaneous genial distraction along with interposition arthroplasty.