Striated duct adenoma: The cytological description of a rare entity.

INTRODUCTION: Striated duct adenoma is a benign salivary gland tumour recently recognized by the World Health Organization. To date, no report has described the cytological features of this entity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report the case of a 60-year-old woman with a tumour in the right parotid gland with a diameter greater than 2.4 cm confirmed by imaging tests. RESULTS: Two fine-needle aspiration cytologies (FNAC) were performed with inconclusive results, reporting epithelioid and spindle-shaped cellularity, with little stroma, and nuclei with abundant pseudoinclusions. Myoepithelioma and Schwannoma were proposed as differential diagnoses. An immunocytochemical panel was performed, showing positivity for S-100, SOX10, CK7 and vimentin, and negativity for both myoepithelial (p63 and calponin) and thyroid markers. In the absence of a conclusive diagnosis, the patient accepted surgery. The biopsy results confirmed diagnosis of striated duct adenoma, with immunohistochemical features superimposable to cytology. CONCLUSION: Little information is available in the literature, both on biopsy and, more strikingly, on cytology of this neoplasm. The aim of this work is to provide cytological characteristics that allow diagnosis of this entity with FNAC and thus avoid unnecessary surgeries.

Incidental finding in urine cytology in a patient with chronic renal disease.

An incidental finding in urine smears from a patient with a presumptive diagnosis of an IgA mesangial nephropathy is presented. A possible example of the potential value of urine cytology in functional renal disorders. We report a case of an incidental finding in urine cytology from a patient with a presumptive diagnosis of an IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis, previously diagnosed as atypical urothelial cells.

The Validation of the Greulich and Pyle Atlas for Radiological Bone Age Assessments in a Pediatric Population from the Canary Islands.

Bone age assessments measure the growth and development of children and adolescents by evaluating their skeletal maturity, which is influenced by various factors like heredity, ethnicity, culture, and nutrition. The clinical standards for this assessment should be up to date and appropriate for the specific population being studied. This study validates the GP-Canary Atlas for accurately predicting bone age by analyzing posteroanterior left hand and wrist radiographs of healthy children (80 females and 134 males) from the Canary Islands across various developmental stages and genders. We found strong intra-rater reliability among all three raters, with Raters 1 and 2 indicating very high consistency (intra-class coefficients = 0.990 to 0.996) and Rater 3 displaying slightly lower but still strong reliability (intra-class coefficients = 0.921 to 0.976). The inter-rater agreement was excellent between Raters 1 and 2 but significantly lower between Rater 3 and the other two raters, with intra-class coefficients of 0.408 and 0.463 for Rater 1 and 0.327 and 0.509 for Rater 2. The accuracy analysis revealed a substantial underestimation of bone age compared to chronological age for preschool- (mean difference = 17.036 months; p < 0.001) and school-age males (mean difference = 13.298 months; p < 0.001). However, this was not observed in females, where the mean difference was minimal (3.949 months; p < 0.239). In contrast, the Atlas showed greater accuracy for teenagers, showing only a slight overestimation (mean difference = 3.159 months; p = 0.823). In conclusion, the GP-Canary Atlas demonstrates overall precision but requires caution as it underestimates the BA in preschool children and overestimates it in school-age girls and adolescents.

Precision and Accuracy of Radiological Bone Age Assessment in Children among Different Ethnic Groups: A Systematic Review.

AIM: The aim was to identify, evaluate, and summarize the findings of relevant individual studies on the precision and accuracy of radiological BA assessment procedures among children from different ethnic groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A qualitative systematic review was carried out following the MOOSE statement and previously registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023449512). A search was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed) (n = 561), the Cochrane Library (n = 261), CINAHL (n = 103), Web of Science (WOS) (n = 181), and institutional repositories (n = 37) using MeSH and free terms combined with the Booleans "AND" and "OR". NOS and ROBINS-E were used to assess the methodological quality and the risk of bias of the included studies, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 51 articles (n = 20,100) on radiological BA assessment procedures were precise in terms of intra-observer and inter-observer reliability for all ethnic groups. In Caucasian and Hispanic children, the Greulich-Pyle Atlas (GPA) was accurate at all ages, but in youths, Tanner-Whitehouse radius-ulna-short bones 3 (TW3-RUS) could be an alternative. In Asian and Arab subjects, GPA and Tanner-Whitehouse 3 (TW3) overestimated the BA in adolescents near adulthood. In African youths, GPA overestimated the BA while TW3 was more accurate. CONCLUSION: GPA and TW3 radiological BA assessment procedures are both precise but their accuracy in estimating CA among children of different ethnic groups can be altered by racial bias.

Anal cytology: Diagnosis of intestinal spirochaetosis.

OBJECTIVE: A case of intestinal spirochaetosis diagnosed in anal cytology is presented. METHODS: An anal liquid-based cytology was performed and stained with Papanicolau and Warthin-Starry stains. RESULTS: An apical filamentous "fringe" was identified in columnar cells groups. CONCLUSION: Anal cytology is a potential tool for intestinal spirochaetosis diagnosis.