RESUMEN
Introducción. Los estudios de cohortes han sido fundamentales para describir la evolución de múltiples enfermedades. El Grupo de estudio Uruguayo de VIH, comenzó en 2018 el seguimiento de una cohorte de personas con VIH de diferentes prestadores de salud. Objetivo . Describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de las personas incluidas en la cohorte GeUVIH. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, observacional, multicéntrico transversal y prospectivo. Desde 1 de julio de 2018 hasta 31 de mayo de 2021. Se analizaron 795 personas con VIH de centros con consultas ambulatorias públicas y privadas de Montevideo-Uruguay. Resultados. Se analizaron 795. Relación hombre/ mujer 2 a 1. Mediana de edad 46 años. El 56,6% tenía entre 39 y 58 años. Motivaron al diagnóstico de VIH sobre todo controles en salud y enfermedades oportunistas. Al ingresar a la cohorte el 49% llevaba más de 10 años viviendo con VIH y el 25% estaba en estadio SIDA. El 98.4% estaban recibiendo antirretrovirales y de ellos 84% tenían carga viral indetectable. El 1,3% estaba co-infectado con el VHB y 3,9% con el VHC. Fallecieron 4 pacientes de la cohorte. Conclusiones. Se observó una población vinculada a los servicios de salud, que recibe TAR y es adherente. El envejecimiento de la población nos obliga a diagnosticar y tratar precozmente las comorbilidades. Se debe estimular el diagnóstico de VIH durante el control en salud y/o campañas preventivas. El mantenimiento de la cohorte prospectivamente dará información fundamental para la toma de decisiones.
Introduction: cohort studies are essential to describe the evolution of multiple diseases. In 2018 the Uruguayan group for the study of HIV started to monitor a cohort of individuals infected with HIV in different health care Institutions. Objective: to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of individuals included in an HIV cohort (GeUVIH). Patients and method: descriptive, observational, multi-transversal and prospective study. From July 1, 2018 to May 31, 2021. 795 individuals infected with HIV were analyzed in private and public outpatient consultations in Montevideo, Uruguay. Results: the case of 795 patients was analyzed. Men/women ratio was 2/1. Median age was 46 years old. 65.6% was between 39 and 58 years old. HIV diagnosis mainly resulted from health control and opportunistic diseases. Upon inclusion in the cohort group, 49% of patients had been living with HIV for over 10 years and were in the AIDS stage of infection. 98.3% were under antiretroviral treatment and in 84% of them viral load could not be detected. 1.3% of patients presented HIV-HIB coinfection and 3.9% HIV-HIC coinfection. 4 patients in the cohort died. Conclusions: the studied population was found to be related to the health care services, receiving antiretroviral therapy and showing good adherence to treatment. The aging of population makes it mandatory for the early diagnosis and treatment of comorbilities. Diagnosis of HIV must be encouraged in health care controls or preventive campaigns. The prospective maintenance of the cohort will provide key data for the making of decisions.
Introdução: estudos de coorte têm sido essenciais para descrever a evolução de múltiplas doenças. O Grupo Uruguaio de Estudos de HIV começou a monitorar uma coorte de pessoas com HIV de diferentes prestadores de serviços de saúde em 2018. Objetivo: descrever as características epidemiológicas e clínicas das pessoas incluídas na coorte GeUVIH. Pacientes e métodos : estudo descritivo, observacional, multicêntrico, transversal e prospectivo. No período 1º de julho de 2018 a 31 de maio de 2021 foram analisadas 795 pessoas com HIV de unidades ambulatoriais públicas e privadas em Montevidéu-Uruguai. Resultados: foram incluídas 795 pessoas. A proporção homem/mulher foi 2 para 1, a mediana de idade 46 anos sendo que 56,6% tinham entre 39 e 58 anos. O diagnóstico do HIV foi motivado especialmente por controles de saúde e pela detecção de doenças oportunistas. Ao ingressar na coorte, 49% viviam com HIV há mais de 10 anos e 25% encontravam-se na fase de AIDS. 98,4% estavam recebendo antirretrovirais e 84% deles tinham carga viral indetectável. 1,3% estavam co-infectados com HBV e 3,9% com HCV. Quatro pacientes da coorte morreram. Conclusões: observou-se uma população vinculada aos serviços de saúde, que recebe TARV com adesão ao tratamento. O envelhecimento da população obriga-nos a diagnosticar e tratar precocemente as comorbilidades. O diagnóstico de HIV deve ser incentivado durante controles de saúde e/ou campanhas preventivas. Manter a coorte prospectivamente fornecerá informações essenciais para a tomada de decisões.
Asunto(s)
VIH , Envejecimiento , Estudios de CohortesRESUMEN
Dog bites are one of the main public health problems. They produce important consequences for those who suffer them (physical and psychological injuries, secondary infections, sequelae, risk of transmission of zoonoses and surgeries, among others). The objective of this study was to characterize epidemiologically the incidents of bites in Chile and the patterns of human-dog relationship involved. The records analyzed in this article were obtained from bitten patients who attended the main public health facilities in Chile during the period 17 September 2017 and 17 September 2018: In the period studied, 17,299 animal bites were recorded; however, only 7220 (41.74%) cases were analyzed in which the offending species could be identified. Of the bites analyzed, 6533 were caused by dogs (90.48%). Of these, 41.05% were caused by medium-sized dogs. Most bites were caused by dogs of mixed breeds (55.99%), followed by dogs of the German Shepherd breed (8.50%). Most of the dogs that bit were known to the victim (99.95%) and most of the attacks occurred indoors (57.48%). Although dog bite records have improved in Chile, it would be useful to also include background information on the context in which the incident occurred, which would be very useful for developing effective bite prevention programs.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the microbiological characteristics of an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolate of Morganella morganii obtained from a patient with sepsis of urinary origin and to describe the patient's clinical characteristics. We further aimed to perform a literature review of the situation in Latin America regarding Gram-negative bacillus (GNB) carriers of New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase (NDM-1) and qnr genes and current reports on the treatment of infections caused by XDR enterobacteria, with particular attention to colistin-resistant isolates. METHODS: The patient's clinical data were obtained from his medical history. Microbiological identification and susceptibility testing were done using the VITEK 2 Compact System. Resistance genes were detected by PCR and sequencing. RESULTS: Blood and urine cultures grew an M. morganii isolate (Mm4232) harboring NDM-1 and qnrD1. The patient was treated successfully with fosfomycin and double doses of meropenem. There are no previous reports of the use of fosfomycin and meropenem to treat infections by XDR enterobacteria harboring NDM-1 carbapenemase. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of qnrD1 in South America. We consider that this report could be helpful to physicians implementing treatments for infections caused by XDR GNB, including colistin-carbapenem-resistant GNB.