RESUMEN
This article is intended to take up the cudgels on behalf of ophthalmopathology. To achieve this it is required to shed a light on ophthalmopathology in everyday clinical routine and to emphasise its relevance in today's world. Furthermore, it is intended to show how ophthalmopathology (unconsciously in part) has an impact on our actions. An ophthalmopathologist thinks differently, diagnoses differently and operates differently! Therefore ophthalmopathology should be a cornerstone not only in patient care but also in research and education.
Asunto(s)
Biopsia , Oftalmopatías/patología , Enfermedades de los Párpados/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Ojo/patología , Oftalmopatías/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Párpados/diagnóstico , Párpados/patología , Humanos , Microscopía , Oftalmoscopía , Tomografía de Coherencia ÓpticaAsunto(s)
Dirofilariasis/diagnóstico , Dirofilariasis/cirugía , Infecciones Parasitarias del Ojo/diagnóstico , Infecciones Parasitarias del Ojo/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Párpados/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Párpados/cirugía , Animales , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Demodex folliculorum is an ectoparasite found in eye lashes. A Demodex-associated blepharoconjunctivitis is common. Demodex are diagnosed via microscopy in a drop of oil after epilation of a few eye lashes. You can often watch the mites in movement under the microscope. Treatment includes lid hygiene and metronidazole gel 1-2â%. The treatment often improves the symptoms of the patient. Demodex folliculorum is often found in patients with persistent blepharoconjunctivitis. Every ophthalmologist should have a microscope to find the mites. Then you will be able to treat the patients in an early stage.
Asunto(s)
Antiparasitarios/uso terapéutico , Conjuntivitis/diagnóstico , Conjuntivitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Parasitarias del Ojo/diagnóstico , Infecciones Parasitarias del Ojo/tratamiento farmacológico , Pestañas/parasitología , Ácaros/citología , Animales , Conjuntivitis/parasitología , Infecciones Parasitarias del Ojo/parasitología , HumanosRESUMEN
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental contaminant that has been under investigation for its detrimental effect on the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, an aquatic fungus, Heliscus lugdunensis Saccardo & Therry (live and heat-inactivated by autoclaving) was evaluated for its ability to utilize BPA as a carbon source. Both live and heat-inactivated fungal cultures were exposed to 10 mg L(-1) bisphenol A after cultivation in glucose for 3d. Extraction of BPA in the medium was carried out using PrepSep™ C-18 mini columns followed by quantification of recovered BPA by high performance liquid chromatography after sample clean-up. While heat inactivation sufficiently disrupts the ability of the fungal cells to utilize BPA, the live fungal cultures removed over 70% of BPA after 12d. Our results suggest that H. lugdunensis is capable of biodegrading BPA and utilizing it as an energy source.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Bencidrilo/metabolismo , Nectria/efectos de los fármacos , Nectria/metabolismo , Fenoles/metabolismo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/metabolismo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Monitoreo del AmbienteRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an inherited autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in the MEFV gene and characterized by recurrent febrile polyserositis. A possible association of FMF and multiple sclerosis (MS) has been suggested in cohorts from Turkey and Israel. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MEFV mutations in subjects with MS and in controls in Germany. METHODS: One-hundred and fifty seven MS patients with at least one symptom or without symptoms suggestive of FMF from our outpatient clinic were investigated for mutations in exons 2, 3, and 10 of the MEFV gene (group 1). 260 independent MS patients (group 2) and 400 unrelated Caucasian controls (group 3) were screened selectively for the low-penetrance pyrin mutations E148Q and K695R RESULTS: In group 1, 19 MS patients (12.1%) tested positive for a mutation in the MEFV gene, mainly the E148Q (n=7) substitution. Fifteen of the 19 mutation-positive individuals reported at least one symptom suggestive of FMF. In three cases, we could identify additional family members with MS. In these pedigrees, the E148Q exchange co-segregated with MS (p=0.026). Frequencies of the pyrin E148Q and K695R mutations were not statistically different between MS group 2 and controls but they occurred with a surprisingly high frequency in the German population. CONCLUSION: The MEFV gene appears to be another immunologically relevant gene locus which contributes to MS susceptibility. In particular, the pyrin E148Q mutation, which co-segregated with disease in three MS families, is a promising candidate risk factor for MS that should be further explored in larger studies.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/genética , Fiebre Mediterránea Familiar/genética , Esclerosis Múltiple Crónica Progresiva/genética , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/genética , Mutación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Exones , Fiebre Mediterránea Familiar/diagnóstico , Fiebre Mediterránea Familiar/inmunología , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Alemania , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esclerosis Múltiple Crónica Progresiva/diagnóstico , Esclerosis Múltiple Crónica Progresiva/inmunología , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/diagnóstico , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/inmunología , Fenotipo , Estudios Prospectivos , Pirina , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/patología , Órbita/patología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biopsia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Terapia Combinada , Conjuntiva/patología , Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Invasividad Neoplásica , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Radioterapia Adyuvante , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Laser trabeculoplasty is a simple method for treating glaucoma and ocular hypertension and has few adverse effects. There are different laser systems for reducing the intraocular pressure of patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Complications include transient intraocular pressure elevation, iritis, and anterior synechiae.
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Enfermedades de la Córnea/etiología , Glaucoma/cirugía , Iritis/etiología , Terapia por Láser/efectos adversos , Trabeculectomía/efectos adversos , Enfermedades de la Córnea/prevención & control , Humanos , Iritis/prevención & control , Terapia por Láser/métodos , Hipertensión Ocular/etiología , Hipertensión Ocular/prevención & control , Trabeculectomía/métodosRESUMEN
Digital mammography has increasingly replaced conventional film-screen mammography and has become the gold standard in combination with soft copy reading in diagnostic as well as screening settings. Large international multi-center trials were able to demonstrate at least equivalence and for some aspects superiority of digital over conventional mammography with regard to detectability of breast cancer, especially in pre/perimenopausal women, women younger than 50 years and generally in dense breasts. Especially the experienced reader may benefit form CAD with an increase of specificity. Additionally digital mammography offers options of advanced processing such as digital tomosynthesis and contrast enhanced mammography. The future of breast imaging will be fusion of different imaging systems (hybrid systems).
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Predicción , Mamografía/métodos , Mamografía/tendencias , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/métodos , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/tendencias , Interpretación de Imagen Radiográfica Asistida por Computador/métodos , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
Digital mammography has extensively replaced conventional film screen mammography and is now the standard in combination with soft copy reading in clinical as well as screening mammography. Large international multicenter studies demonstrate an equivalent or superior detection rate of breast cancers by digital in comparison to conventional mammography especially in dense breasts, premenopausal and perimenopausal women and women less than 50 years old. Computer-aided detection (CAD) is important for the experienced investigator (increased specificity). Digital mammography also offers further options, such as tomosynthesis, digital contrast-enhanced mammography and the combination of digital mammography and ultrasound. The future in breast diagnosis will be the fusion of images from different digital systems.
Asunto(s)
Predicción , Mamografía/tendencias , Tamizaje Masivo/tendencias , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/métodos , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/tendencias , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , HumanosRESUMEN
Listeria monocytogenes has long been known as a pathogen of immunocompromised hosts, including solid organ and bone marrow transplant recipients. Its principal manifestations include bacteremia and meningitis. Endocarditis due to Listeria is far less common and in general affects the left side of the heart. We here report an unusual case of Listeria tricuspid valve endocarditis and septic pulmonary emboli in a sulfa-intolerant liver transplant recipient with a history of relapsing cytomegalovirus (CMV) hepatitis and an indwelling Hickman catheter. The literature on Listeria endocarditis and infections in transplant recipients is reviewed. The possible relationship between susceptibility to Listeria infection and the discontinuation of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis is of interest.
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Ampicilina/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Combinada/uso terapéutico , Endocarditis Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Gentamicinas/uso terapéutico , Listeriosis/diagnóstico , Trasplante de Hígado , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Sepsis/diagnóstico , Válvula Tricúspide , Adulto , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/prevención & control , Ecocardiografía Transesofágica , Endocarditis Bacteriana/complicaciones , Endocarditis Bacteriana/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Ganciclovir/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapéutico , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Listeria monocytogenes , Listeriosis/complicaciones , Listeriosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Trasplante de Hígado/inmunología , Penicilinas/uso terapéutico , Embolia Pulmonar/complicaciones , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Prevention of the occurrence of diabetes-specific vascular complications is the final aim of clinical islet transplantation. Pancreatic islets isolated from adult pigs may be a suitable tissue source to transplant a large number of type 1 diabetic patients. Acute cellular rejection may be finally overcome by clinically applicable protocols for tolerance induction. However, primary nonfunction of the graft, as regularly observed in the porcine islet-to-rat xenotransplantation model, may be an additional problem. In this paper, species-specific inflammatory and immunological mechanisms are discussed which prevent early porcine islet graft function in rats but not in mice.
Asunto(s)
Rechazo de Injerto/inmunología , Trasplante de Islotes Pancreáticos/inmunología , Trasplante Heterólogo/inmunología , Adulto , Animales , Activación de Complemento/inmunología , Trasplante de Tejido Fetal/inmunología , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Ratas , Especificidad de la Especie , PorcinosRESUMEN
The X-ray structure of a sucrose-specific porin (ScrY) from Salmonella typhimurium has been determined by multiple isomorphous replacement at 2.4 A resolution both in its uncomplexed form and with bound sucrose. ScrY is a noncrystallographic trimer of identical subunits, each with 413 structurally well-defined amino acids. A monomer is built up of 18 anti-parallel beta-strands surrounding a hydrophilic pore, with a topology closely similar to that of maltoporin. Two non-overlapping sucrose-binding sites were identified in difference Fourier maps. The higher permeability for sucrose of ScrY as compared to maltoporin is mainly accounted for by differences in their pore-lining residues.
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Proteínas Bacterianas , Porinas/ultraestructura , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa , Sitios de Unión , Transporte Biológico , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Proteínas de la Membrana/química , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Porinas/química , Unión Proteica , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Receptores Virales/química , Salmonella typhimurium/química , Alineación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Solubilidad , Sacarosa/químicaAsunto(s)
Peróxido de Hidrógeno/toxicidad , Islotes Pancreáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/toxicidad , Superóxidos/toxicidad , Animales , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Insulina/metabolismo , Secreción de Insulina , Islotes Pancreáticos/lesiones , Islotes Pancreáticos/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares/fisiología , Malato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Porcinos , Azul de TripanoRESUMEN
The porin from Paracoccus denitrificans ATCC 13543 was purified and crystallized. Two crystal forms were obtained from porin solutions with beta-d-octylglucopyranoside as detergent. Crystals of form I belong to the monoclinic spacegroup C2 with unit cell dimensions a = 112.2 A, b = 193.8 A, c = 100.5 A and beta = 129.2 degrees. There is 1 trimer per asymmetric unit. Crystals of form II are triclinic with a = 89.7 A, b = 98.8 A, c = 112.5 A, alpha = 112.5 degrees, beta = 101.8 degrees, gamma = 106.7 degrees (2 trimers per asymmetric unit). Both crystal forms diffract to 3 A.
Asunto(s)
Paracoccus denitrificans/química , Porinas/química , Cristalización , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Detergentes , Glucósidos , Porinas/aislamiento & purificación , Conformación ProteicaAsunto(s)
Canales Iónicos/química , Canales Iónicos/metabolismo , Porinas/química , Porinas/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/química , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/metabolismo , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Electroquímica , Bacterias Gramnegativas/química , Bacterias Gramnegativas/genética , Bacterias Gramnegativas/metabolismo , Membrana Dobles de Lípidos/química , Membrana Dobles de Lípidos/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Porinas/genética , Conformación Proteica , Rhodobacter capsulatus/química , Rhodobacter capsulatus/metabolismoRESUMEN
A novel amphiphile, 4'-propoxybiphenyl-4-methyl-N,N-dimethylamineoxide, has been synthesized, crystallized (P2(1)/a, a = 9.084 A, b = 8.911 A, c = 22.460 A, beta = 96.224 degrees) and its crystal structure was determined. The amphiphile forms a bilayer in which the amineoxide oxygen of each molecule binds two water molecules. In the hydrophobic part of the bilayer the biphenyls form edge-to-face contacts, in the polar layer there is a hydrogen bonding network. The potential use of the compound as a detergent for membrane proteins has been demonstrated and the relevance of the amineoxide hydrate for other detergents discussed.
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Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Membrana Dobles de Lípidos , Compuestos de Bifenilo/síntesis química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/farmacología , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Detergentes , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Modelos Moleculares , Proteínas del Complejo del Centro de Reacción Fotosintética/aislamiento & purificación , Rhodopseudomonas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Susceptibility of islet cells to damage by hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and nitric oxide was determined on islets isolated from humans, pigs, and rats. Islets were incubated for 20 hr at 37 degrees C with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase, or nitroprusside sodium, respectively. Islet cell damage was then measured as trypan blue-uptake. Rat islets showed a higher sensitivity than human or pig islets to damage by reactive oxygen species or nitric oxide. These results indicate that pig islets may be a more suitable model than rat islets to study inflammatory islet cell damage in diabetes and clinical islet transplantation.
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Peróxido de Hidrógeno/toxicidad , Islotes Pancreáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/toxicidad , Oxidantes/toxicidad , Superóxidos/toxicidad , Animales , Separación Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Islotes Pancreáticos/citología , Nitroprusiato/toxicidad , Ratas , Especificidad de la Especie , Reactivos de Sulfhidrilo/toxicidad , Porcinos , Xantina Oxidasa/toxicidadRESUMEN
The sucrose-specific outer membrane porin ScrY of Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from Escherichia coli K-12 strain KS 26 containing the plasmid pPSO112. The protein was purified to homogeneity by differential extraction of the cell envelope in the presence of the detergents sodium dodecyl sulfate and lauryl (dimethyl)-amine oxide (LDAO). The porin had apparent molecular weights of 58 kDa and 120 kDa for the monomer and for the trimer, respectively, on SDS/PAGE. The purified trimers were crystallized using poly(ethylene glycol) 2000 and the detergents octylglucoside (OG) and hexyl-(dimethyl)-amine oxide (C6DAO). X-ray diffraction of the crystals showed reflections to 2.3 A. The space group of the crystals was R3 and the lattice constants of the hexagonal axes were a = b = 112.85 A and c = 149.9 A. The crystal volume per unit of protein molecular weight was 3.47 A3/Da.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/química , Proteínas Bacterianas , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Porinas , Cristalización , Salmonella typhimurium/química , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
The presence of small amphiphiles has been found to be necessary in the crystallization of several membrane-protein/surfactant complexes. It has been suggested that the role of the small amphiphile may be to reduce the size of the surfactant belt around the protein, making the formation of crystals easier. Thus far it was not known if this would involve changes in micellar size in general or whether the small amphiphile would merely replace LDAO during crystal growth. In the present study we have used small angle neutron scattering to study mixed micelles of lauryldimethyl amine oxide (LDAO; hydrogenated and deuterated) and heptane-1,2,3-triol (HP). Our results show that with increasing overall HP concentrations mixed LDAO/HP micelles of decreasing mass and radius are formed. The composition of these micelles has been determined. HP thus may decrease the size of the surfactant belt around a protein before crystallisation by insertion into a host micelle. As HP is a 'small amphiphile' compared to the surfactants used for solubilization of membrane proteins, the curvature of the host micelle will be increased by its insertion.