LINC00844 suppresses tumor progression and predicts survival outcomes through inhibiting miR-19a-5p in cholangiocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous malignancy. The aim of the study was to investigate the regulatory role of long noncoding RNA LINC00844 in CCA progression, explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, and to analyze the potential prognostic value of LINC00844 in CCA patients. METHODS: Expression of LINC00844 in CCA cell lines and tissues was examined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Cell counting kit-8 assay was used to assess CCA cell proliferation, and the Transwell assay was used to evaluate tumor cell migration and invasion. miRNAs sponged by LINC00844 were predicted and confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate the survival prognosis of CCA patients. RESULTS: The expression levels of LINC00844 were decreased in CCA tissues and cells. Overexpression of LINC00844 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in CCA cells. miR-19a-5p is directly targeted by LINC00844, mediating the inhibitory effects of LINC00844 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of CCA cells. LINC00844 and miR-19a-5p expression were associated with differentiation and tumor node metastasis stage in CCA patients. CCA patients with low LINC00844 expression or overexpression of miR-19a-5p had worse overall survival. CONCLUSION: The expression levels of LINC00844 were decreased in both CCA tissues and cells, and high LINC00844 inhibited CCA cell proliferation, migration and invasion through sponging miR-19a-5p. Low LINC00844 and high miR-19a-5p expression were associated with worse overall survival in CCA patients. All the data suggested that the LINC00844/miR-19a-5p axis may provide novel therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for CCA patients.

Effects of high-intensity training on endurance in basketball players / Efeitos do treinamento de alta intensidade na resistência dos jogadores de basquetebol / Efectos del entrenamiento de alta intensidad en la resistencia de los jugadores de baloncesto

ABSTRACT Introduction: The aerobic endurance training of sports athletes has become the focus of research in institutions and related units. One of the recent proposals is high-intensity interval training to develop athletic aerobic endurance. Objective: Study the effect of high-intensity interval training on aerobic endurance in basketball players. Methods: Fifteen athletes from a university were randomly selected and divided into a high-intensity interval training group, a moderate-intensity continuous training group, and a low-intensity continuous training group, with the control of external influence factors. The indicators analyzed were the average aerobic endurance index of maximal oxygen consumption, average anaerobic capacity, and average maximal power output. The data were obtained before and after the experiment. They were compared and discussed using statistical analysis. Results: The average maximal oxygen consumption in the three training groups increased significantly, and the effect was most evident under the high-intensity intermittent training conditions. This training method could increase the maximal exercise time of the normal groups by up to two times. Conclusion: Intermittent high-intensity training can effectively improve the aerobic endurance of basketball players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento da resistência aeróbica dos atletas esportivos tornou-se o foco na pesquisa de instituições e unidades relacionadas. No intuito de desenvolver a resistência aeróbica atlética, uma das propostas recentes é o treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade sobre a resistência aeróbica nos jogadores de basquetebol. Métodos: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 15 atletas de uma universidade, que foram divididos em um grupo de treinamento de intervalo de alta intensidade, um grupo de treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada e um grupo de treinamento contínuo de baixa intensidade, com o controle dos fatores de influência externa. Entre os indicadores analisados estão o índice de resistência aeróbica média de consumo máximo de oxigênio, a capacidade anaeróbica média e a potência máxima média. Os dados foram obtidos antes e após o experimento. Foram comparados e discutidos através de análise estatística. Resultados: O consumo máximo médio de oxigênio nos três grupos de treinamento aumentou significativamente, e o efeito foi mais evidente sob as condições de treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade. Este método de treinamento apresentou o potencial de aumentar o tempo máximo de exercício dos grupos normais em até duas vezes. Conclusão: O treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade pode efetivamente melhorar a resistência aeróbica dos jogadores de basquete. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento de la resistencia aeróbica de los atletas deportivos se ha convertido en el centro de la investigación en instituciones y unidades relacionadas. Para desarrollar la resistencia aeróbica atlética, una de las propuestas recientes es el entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad sobre la resistencia aeróbica en jugadores de baloncesto. Métodos: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente quince atletas de una universidad y se dividieron en un grupo de entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad, un grupo de entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada y un grupo de entrenamiento continuo de baja intensidad, con el control de los factores de influencia externos. Entre los indicadores analizados estaban el índice medio de resistencia aeróbica de consumo máximo de oxígeno, la capacidad anaeróbica media y la potencia máxima media. Los datos se obtuvieron antes y después del experimento. Se compararon y discutieron mediante un análisis estadístico. Resultados: El consumo medio máximo de oxígeno en los tres grupos de entrenamiento aumentó significativamente, y el efecto fue más evidente en las condiciones de entrenamiento intermitente de alta intensidad. Este método de entrenamiento presentaba el potencial de aumentar el tiempo máximo de ejercicio de los grupos normales hasta dos veces. Conclusión: El entrenamiento intermitente de alta intensidad puede mejorar eficazmente la resistencia aeróbica de los jugadores de baloncesto. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Explosive strength of the lower limbs in rope skipping exercise applied to children and adolescents / Força explosiva dos membros inferiores no exercício de pular corda aplicado às crianças e adolescentes / Fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores en el ejercicio de salto de cuerda aplicado a niños y adolescentes

ABSTRACT Introduction: The physical health of children and adolescents is directly related to school physical training quality. The improvement of adult sports effectiveness results from a concise protocol with standardized exercises. Rope skipping exercise lacks kinematic studies applied to children and adolescents. Objective: Provide a theoretical reference for jump rope exercise training for children and adolescents. Methods: Eight children aged six to eight years old were recruited to jump at a frequency of 80 and 120 jumps per minute controlled by a metronome. The technique was divided into three stages: impulse, suspension, and landing. Control in the knee joint exoskeleton balance was investigated by computerized baropodometry with differentiation of rotational angular velocity by rotational angular acceleration via Butterworth filter. After noise cleaning and multiplication, an adjustable amplification factor returned to the inlet with inertial compensation torque. Results: Initially, the impulsing force is about three times the individual's gravity. This value and the center of mass acceleration decrease in time. The initial force is proportional to the velocity of its decrease during the impulse, and the opposite occurs with the landing force. Higher intensity is observed when raising the frequency. Conclusion: The fluctuation in the force curve in the landing phase after 20 jumps indicates low muscle strength in lower limbs to maintain activity. A speed of 80 jumps per minute controlled by music in a playful environment is recommended for children. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMO Introdução: A saúde física das crianças e adolescentes está diretamente relacionada à qualidade do treinamento físico escolar. O aprimoramento da eficácia esportiva adulta é resultado de um protocolo conciso com exercícios padronizados. O exercício de pular corda carece de estudos cinemáticos aplicados em crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo: Fornecer uma referência teórica para o treinamento físico de pular corda para crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: Foram recrutadas 8 crianças com idade entre 6 a 8 anos para saltos em frequência de 80 e 120 pulos por minuto controlados por um metrônomo. A técnica foi dividida em três estágios: impulso, suspensão e pouso. O controle no balanço do exoesqueleto articular do joelho foi pesquisado por baropodometria computadorizada com diferenciação de velocidade angular rotacional pela aceleração angular rotacional via filtro de Butterworth, após limpeza de ruídos e multiplicação por fator de amplificação ajustável, devolvidos à entrada de admissão com torque de compensação inercial. Resultados: Inicialmente, a força de impulso é cerca de três vezes a gravidade de cada indivíduo. Esse valor e a aceleração do centro de massa diminuem com o tempo. A força inicial é proporcional a velocidade da sua diminuição durante o impulso, ocorrendo o inverso com a força de pouso. Observa-se uma maior intensidade ao elevar a frequência. Conclusão: A flutuação na curva de força na fase de pouso após 20 pulos indica baixa força muscular em membros inferiores para manter a atividade. Recomenda-se a velocidade de 80 pulos por minuto controlada por música em ambiente lúdico para crianças. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción: La salud física de los niños y adolescentes está directamente relacionada con la calidad del entrenamiento físico escolar. La mejora de la eficacia deportiva del adulto es el resultado de un protocolo conciso con ejercicios estandarizados. El ejercicio de salto de cuerda carece de estudios cinemáticos aplicados a niños y adolescentes. Objetivo: Proporcionar una referencia teórica para el entrenamiento de ejercicios de salto de cuerda para niños y adolescentes. Métodos: Ocho niños de entre 6 y 8 años fueron reclutados para saltar a una frecuencia de 80 y 120 saltos por minuto controlados por un metrónomo. La técnica se dividió en tres etapas: impulso, suspensión y aterrizaje. El control sobre el equilibrio del exoesqueleto de la articulación de la rodilla se investigó mediante baropodometría computarizada con diferenciación de la velocidad angular rotacional por la aceleración angular rotacional a través del filtro Butterworth, después de la limpieza del ruido y la multiplicación por el factor de amplificación ajustable, devuelto a la entrada con par de compensación inercial. Resultados: Inicialmente, la fuerza de empuje es aproximadamente tres veces la gravedad de cada individuo. Este valor y la aceleración del centro de masa disminuyen con el tiempo. La fuerza inicial es proporcional a la velocidad de su disminución durante el impulso, y lo contrario ocurre con la fuerza de aterrizaje. Se observa una mayor intensidad al aumentar la frecuencia. Conclusión: La fluctuación de la curva de fuerza en la fase de aterrizaje tras 20 saltos indica una baja fuerza muscular en los miembros inferiores para mantener la actividad. Se recomienda una velocidad de 80 saltos por minuto controlada por la música en un entorno lúdico para los niños. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Identification and study of differentially expressed miRNAs in aged NAFLD rats based on high-throughput sequencing.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Hepatic microRNA (miR) expression profiles were explored in aged rats with NAFLD, in order to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiological processes of aging-related NAFLD. PATIENTS OR MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 aged rats (18-month-old) and 24 young rats (2-month-old) were randomly divided into two subgroups according to diet, control group and NAFLD group. After 8 weeks of administering 45% high-fat diet or normal diet, total hepatic RNA was extracted from liver tissues of the aged rats. Differentially expressed microRNAs (DE-miRs) in aged NAFLD group were detected and screened out using high-throughput sequencing technology. The data were subjected to Gene Ontology functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses using a bioinformatics approach. The sequencing results were further verified by RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Compared with the aged control liver tissues, 6 significantly upregulated miRs (miR-881-3p, miR-871-3p, miR-335, miR-223-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-146b-5p) and 4 significantly downregulated miRs (miR-182, miR-193-3p, miR-31a-5p and miR-96-5p) were identified in the aged NAFLD liver tissues. These DE-miRs were found to be involved in the regulation of cell signaling transduction and metabolism processes, probably affecting signaling pathways relevant to insulin secretion and some senile diseases. RT-qPCR results corroborated the sequencing results and demonstrated that 6 significantly upregulated miRs were not identified in the young group. CONCLUSIONS: A total of 10 DE-miRs identified in the aged NAFLD rats were involved in some certain insulin secretion and age-related functional pathways, which may serve as novel candidate targets for the diagnosis and treatment of aging-associated NAFLD.

In vitro antagonistic growth effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius and their fermentative broth on periodontal pathogens

As lactobacilli possess an antagonistic growth property, these bacteria may be beneficial as bioprotective agents for infection control. However, whether the antagonistic growth effects are attributed to the lactobacilli themselves or their fermentative broth remains unclear. The antagonistic growth effects of Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus fermentum as well as their fermentative broth were thus tested using both disc agar diffusion test and broth dilution method, and their effects on periodontal pathogens, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Porphyromonas gingivalisin vitro at different concentrations and for different time periods were also compared. Both Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus fermentum and their concentrated fermentative broth were shown to inhibit significantly the growth of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, althoughdifferent inhibitory effects were observed for different pathogens. The higher the counts of lactobacilli and the higher the folds of concentrated fermentative broth, the stronger the inhibitory effects are observed. The inhibitory effect is demonstrated to be dose-dependent. Moreover, for the lactobacilli themselves, Lactobacillus fermentum showed stronger inhibitory effects than Lactobacillus salivarius. However, the fermentative broth of Lactobacillus fermentum showed weaker inhibitory effects than that of Lactobacillus salivarius. These data suggested that lactobacilli and their fermentative broth exhibit antagonistic growth activity, and consumption of probiotics or their broth containing lactobacilli may benefit oral health.(AU)

In vitro antagonistic growth effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius and their fermentative broth on periodontal pathogens

As lactobacilli possess an antagonistic growth property, these bacteria may be beneficial as bioprotective agents for infection control. However, whether the antagonistic growth effects are attributed to the lactobacilli themselves or their fermentative broth remains unclear. The antagonistic growth effects of Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus fermentum as well as their fermentative broth were thus tested using both disc agar diffusion test and broth dilution method, and their effects on periodontal pathogens, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Porphyromonas gingivalisin vitro at different concentrations and for different time periods were also compared. Both Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus fermentum and their concentrated fermentative broth were shown to inhibit significantly the growth of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, althoughdifferent inhibitory effects were observed for different pathogens. The higher the counts of lactobacilli and the higher the folds of concentrated fermentative broth, the stronger the inhibitory effects are observed. The inhibitory effect is demonstrated to be dose-dependent. Moreover, for the lactobacilli themselves, Lactobacillus fermentum showed stronger inhibitory effects than Lactobacillus salivarius. However, the fermentative broth of Lactobacillus fermentum showed weaker inhibitory effects than that of Lactobacillus salivarius. These data suggested that lactobacilli and their fermentative broth exhibit antagonistic growth activity, and consumption of probiotics or their broth containing lactobacilli may benefit oral health.

In vitro antagonistic growth effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and lactobacillus salivarius and their fermentative broth on periodontal pathogens.

As lactobacilli possess an antagonistic growth property, these bacteria may be beneficial as bioprotective agents for infection control. However, whether the antagonistic growth effects are attributed to the lactobacilli themselves or their fermentative broth remains unclear. The antagonistic growth effects of Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus fermentum as well as their fermentative broth were thus tested using both disc agar diffusion test and broth dilution method, and their effects on periodontal pathogens, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro at different concentrations and for different time periods were also compared. Both Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus fermentum and their concentrated fermentative broth were shown to inhibit significantly the growth of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, although different inhibitory effects were observed for different pathogens. The higher the counts of lactobacilli and the higher the folds of concentrated fermentative broth, the stronger the inhibitory effects are observed. The inhibitory effect is demonstrated to be dose-dependent. Moreover, for the lactobacilli themselves, Lactobacillus fermentum showed stronger inhibitory effects than Lactobacillus salivarius. However, the fermentative broth of Lactobacillus fermentum showed weaker inhibitory effects than that of Lactobacillus salivarius. These data suggested that lactobacilli and their fermentative broth exhibit antagonistic growth activity, and consumption of probiotics or their broth containing lactobacilli may benefit oral health.

AFCo1, a meningococcal B-derived cochleate adjuvant, strongly enhances antibody and T-cell immunity against Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 4 and 5.

BACKGROUND: Whilst a large number of malaria antigens are being tested as candidate malaria vaccines, a major barrier to the development of an effective vaccine is the lack of a suitable human adjuvant capable of inducing a strong and long lasting immune response. In this study, the ability of AFCo1, a potent T and B cell adjuvant based on cochleate structures derived from meningococcal B outer membrane proteoliposomes (MBOMP), to boost the immune response against two Plasmodium falciparum antigens, merozoite surface protein 4 (MSP4) and 5 (MSP5), was evaluated. METHODS: Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), which is able to confer protection against malaria in animal MSP4/5 vaccine challenge models, was used as positive control adjuvant. MSP4 and 5-specific IgG, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), T-cell proliferation, and cytokine production were evaluated in parallel in mice immunized three times intramuscularly with MSP4 or MSP5 incorporated into AFCo1, synthetic cochleate structures, CFA or phosphate buffered saline. RESULTS: AFCo1 significantly enhanced the IgG and T-cell response against MSP4 and MSP5, with a potency equivalent to CFA, with the response being characterized by both IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes, increased interferon gamma production and a strong DTH response, consistent with the ability of AFCo1 to induce Th1-like immune responses. CONCLUSION: Given the proven safety of MBOMP, which is already in use in a licensed human vaccine, AFCo1 could assist the development of human malaria vaccines that require a potent and safe adjuvant.

AFCo1, a meningococcal B-derived cochleate adjuvant, strongly enhances antibody and T-cell immunity against Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 4 and 5

BACKGROUND: Whilst a large number of malaria antigens are being tested ascandidate malaria vaccines, a major barrier to the development of an effective vaccine is the lack of a suitable human adjuvant capable of inducing a strong and long lasting immune response. In this study, the ability of AFCo1, a potent T and B cell adjuvant based on cochleate structures derived from meningococcal B outer membrane proteoliposomes (MBOMP), to boost the immune response against two Plasmodium falciparum antigens, merozoite surface protein 4 (MSP4) and 5 (MSP5), was evaluated. METHODS: Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), which is able to confer protection against malaria in animal MSP4/5 vaccine challenge models, was used aspositive control adjuvant. MSP4 and 5-specific IgG, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), T-cell proliferation, and cytokine production were evaluated in parallel in mice immunized three times intramuscularly with MSP4 or MSP5 incorporated intoAFCo1, synthetic cochleate structures, CFA or phosphate buffered saline. RESULTS: AFCo1 significantly enhanced the IgG and T-cell response against MSP4 and MSP5, with a potency equivalent to CFA, with the response being characterized by bothIgG1 and IgG2a isotypes, increased interferon gamma production and a strong DTH response, consistent with the ability of AFCo1 to induce Th1-like immune responses. CONCLUSION: Given the proven safety of MBOMP, which is already in use in a licensed human vaccine, AFCo1 could assist the development of human malaria vaccines that require a potent and safe adjuvant(AU)

Células de Cajal na bexiga urinária de ratos portadores de anomalia anorretal / Cajal cells in the bladder of rats with anorectal malformations

Objetivo: Avaliar o número de células de Cajal na bexiga de ratosportadores de anomalia anorretal induzida pela etilenotiouréia.Métodos: Foram utilizados 31 fetos de ratas Wistar grávidas. No110 dia de gestação foi administrada etilenotiouréia na dose de 125 mg/kg, diluída em água na concentração de 1%, por gavagem gástrica.Os fetos foram retirados por cesariana no 210 dia de gestação. Osfetos foram divididos em três grupos: G1: bexiga urinária de fetosnormais (mães não receberam etilenotiouréia), G2: bexiga urinária defetos que apresentavam anomalia anorretal sem manifestar alteraçãourológica estrutural, G3: bexiga urinária de fetos que apresentavamanomalia anorretal associada à alteração urológica estrutural. Essasbexigas urinárias foram processadas pela técnica da estreptavidinabiotina-peroxidase para pesquisa de células de Cajal avaliadas emduas localizações diferentes: suburotélio e detrussor. Resultados:Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre osgrupos G1, G2 e G3 quanto à média de número de células intersticiaisde Cajal nas localizações detrussor (p < 0,001) e suburotélio (p <0,001). Em ambas as localizações, a média do número de células nogrupo G3 > G2 > G1. Conclusão: As células de Cajal estão presentesem número aumentado nos fetos portadores de anomalia anorretal,em especial quando há associação com malformações urológicas.O reconhecimento de anormalidades na morfologia e distribuição dascélulas de Cajal pode nos levar ao entendimento das alterações demotilidade em várias doenças urológicas congênitas e adquiridas.

Glycine reduces tissue lipid peroxidation in hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced necrotizing enterocolitis in rats.

PURPOSE: To assess the protective effect of glycine in an experimental model of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC). METHODS: Fifty (50) neonatal Wistar rats, from a litter of six female rats and weighing 4 to 6 grams, were used. Five animals were cannibalized and the 45 remaining were distributed into three groups: the G1 normal control group (n=12); the G2 Group (n=16), of animals that underwent hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR); the G3 Group of animals (n=17) that underwent HR following a 5% intraperitoneal glycine infusion. The animals underwent hypoxia in a CO2 chamber receiving an air flow of 100% CO2 for 5 minutes and reoxygenation receiving an O2 flow at 100% for 5 minutes. One centimeter long small bowel and colon segments were prepared for histological analysis. The rest of the bowel was removed in a block and frozen at minus 80 degrees C for homogenization and determination of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA). Tissue lesions were classified as Grade 0 to Grade 5, according to the level of damaged mucosa. RESULTS: The animals in Group G1 had levels of small bowel and colon lesion significantly smaller as compared to the animals in Groups G2 and G3. The G2 group had mean MDA values significantly higher than the animals in the G1 (p = .015) and G3 (p=0.021) groups. MDA values did not differ significantly (p = 0.992) for the animals in groups G1 and G3. CONCLUSION: Glycine reduces tissue MDA levels (a measurement of lipid peroxidation) following HR in neonatal rats.

Glycine reduces tissue lipid peroxidation in hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced necrotizing enterocolitis in rats

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito protetor da glicina, num modelo experimental de ECN. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 50 ratos Wistar recém-nascidos, com peso variando de 4 a 6 gramas, provenientes da ninhada de seis ratas. Cinco animais foram canibalizados e, os 45 restantes, foram distribuídos em três grupos: controle G1(n=12); G2(n=16), animais que foram submetidos à hipóxia-reoxigenação; G3(n=17), animais submetidos à hipóxia-reoxigenação após uma infusão intraperitoneal de glicina 5%. Os animais foram submetidos à hipóxia em uma câmara de CO2 recebendo um fluxo de ar contendo 100% de CO2, durante 5 minutos e à reoxigenação recebendo um fluxo de O2 a 100% por 5 minutos. Segmentos de intestino delgado e cólon de 1 cm de extensão foram preparados para análise histológica. O restante do intestino foi removido em bloco e congelado a menos 80°C para homogeneização e dosagem de malondialdeído tecidual (MDA). Classificou-se as lesões teciduais de Grau 0 a Grau 5, de acordo com a extensão da lesão mucosa. RESULTADOS: Os animais do Grupo G1 apresentaram graus de lesão de intestino delgado e cólon significantemente menores do que os animais dos Grupos G2 e G3. O grupo G2 apresentou valores médios de MDA significantemente maiores do que os animais do grupo G1 (p = .015) e G3 (p=0.021). Os animais dos grupos G1 e G3 apresentaram valores de MDA que não diferiram de forma significante (p = 0.992). CONCLUSÃO: A glicina diminuiu os níveis de MDA intestinais (um marcador da peroxidação lipídica) em ratos neonatais submetidos à hipóxia-reoxigenação.

Glycine reduces tissue lipid peroxidation in hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced necrotizing enterocolitis in rats / Glicina reduz a peroxidação lipídica tecidual em enterocolite necrosante induzida por hipóxia-reoxigenação em ratos

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito protetor da glicina, num modelo experimental de ECN. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 50 ratos Wistar recém-nascidos, com peso variando de 4 a 6 gramas, provenientes da ninhada de seis ratas. Cinco animais foram canibalizados e, os 45 restantes, foram distribuídos em três grupos: controle G1(n=12); G2(n=16), animais que foram submetidos à hipóxia-reoxigenação; G3(n=17), animais submetidos à hipóxia-reoxigenação após uma infusão intraperitoneal de glicina 5%. Os animais foram submetidos à hipóxia em uma câmara de CO2 recebendo um fluxo de ar contendo 100% de CO2, durante 5 minutos e à reoxigenação recebendo um fluxo de O2 a 100% por 5 minutos. Segmentos de intestino delgado e cólon de 1 cm de extensão foram preparados para análise histológica. O restante do intestino foi removido em bloco e congelado a menos 80ºC para homogeneização e dosagem de malondialdeído tecidual (MDA). Classificou-se as lesões teciduais de Grau 0 a Grau 5, de acordo com a extensão da lesão mucosa. RESULTADOS: Os animais do Grupo G1 apresentaram graus de lesão de intestino delgado e cólon significantemente menores do que os animais dos Grupos G2 e G3. O grupo G2 apresentou valores médios de MDA significantemente maiores do que os animais do grupo G1 (p = .015) e G3 (p=0.021). Os animais dos grupos G1 e G3 apresentaram valores de MDA que não diferiram de forma significante (p = 0.992). CONCLUSÃO: A glicina diminuiu os níveis de MDA intestinais (um marcador da peroxidação lipídica) em ratos neonatais submetidos à hipóxia-reoxigenação.(AU)

PURPOSE: To assess the protective effect of glycine in an experimental model of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC). METHODS: Fifty (50) neonatal Wistar rats, from a litter of six female rats and weighing 4 to 6 grams, were used. Five animals were cannibalized and the 45 remaining were distributed into three groups: the G1 normal control group (n=12); the G2 Group (n=16), of animals that underwent hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR); the G3 Group of animals (n=17) that underwent HR following a 5% intraperitoneal glycine infusion. The animals underwent hypoxia in a CO2 chamber receiving an air flow of 100% CO2 for 5 minutes and reoxygenation receiving an O2 flow at 100% for 5 minutes. One centimeter long small bowel and colon segments were prepared for histological analysis. The rest of the bowel was removed in a block and frozen at minus 80°C for homogenization and determination of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA). Tissue lesions were classified as Grade 0 to Grade 5, according to the level of damaged mucosa. RESULTS: The animals in Group G1 had levels of small bowel and colon lesion significantly smaller as compared to the animals in Groups G2 and G3. The G2 group had mean MDA values significantly higher than the animals in the G1 (p = .015) and G3 (p=0.021) groups. MDA values did not differ significantly (p = 0.992) for the animals in groups G1 and G3. CONCLUSION: Glycine reduces tissue MDA levels (a measurement of lipid peroxidation) following HR in neonatal rats.(AU)

[Evaluation of an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis in rats]. / Avaliação de um modelo experimental de enterocolite necrosante neonatal em ratos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis in rats proposed by OKUR e col. in 1995. METHODS: On their first day of life, 28 EPM-Wistar rats weighing between 4 and 6 grams were submitted to hypoxia (H) by placing them in a CO2 gas chamber for rodents' sacrifice, where they received a 100% CO2 air flow for 5 minutes. After the hypoxia the animals were reanimated (R) with a 100% O2 air flow, also for 5 minutes. The animals were allocated in two groups: G1: control (n=12): rats not submitted to H-R; G2: (n=16): rats submitted to H-R. Segments of the small intestine and colon were prepared for histological analysis. The remaining intestine was used to measure tissular malondialdehyde. RESULTS: Mean malondialdehyde dosages were 1.05 (0.44-2.03) and 2.60 (0.59- 6.4) nmol MDA/mg protein for G1 and G2, respectively. G2's mean value was significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.002). Significant statistical difference between the studied groups was found in relation the level of injury, with G1 presenting significantly lower levels than G2. CONCLUSIONS: The model showed that neonatal hypoxia may cause intestinal wall injury in rats. Despite the discreet histological injuries found, the method is suitable for evaluation of tissular free radicals.

Avaliação de um modelo experimental de enterocolite necrosante neonatal em ratos / Evaluation of an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis in rats

OBJETIVO: Avaliar um modelo experimental de enterocolite necrosante em ratos proposto por Okur e colaboradores em 1995. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se 28 ratos da raça EPM-Wistar no primeiro dia de vida, com peso entre 4 a 6 gramas. Os animais foram submetidos a hipóxia (H) colocando os filhotes em uma câmara de gás CO2 para sacrifício de roedores onde receberam um fluxo de ar contendo 100 por cento de CO2 durante 5 minutos. Após a hipóxia os animais foram reanimados (R) com fluxo de ar contendo O2 a 100 por cento, também durante 5 minutos. Os animais divididos em dois grupos: G1: controle (n=12): ratos não submetidos a H-R; G2: (n=16): ratos submetidos a H-R. Segmentos de intestino delgado e cólon foram preparados para análise histológica. O restante do intestino foi utilizado para dosagem de malondialdeído tecidual. RESULTADOS: Dosagem de malondialdeído do G1 foi em média 1,05 (0,44-2,03) e do G2 foi em média 2,60 (0,59- 6,4) nmol MDA/mg proteína. O G2 teve média significativamente maior do que a do grupo controle (p<0,002). Foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos de estudo quanto à distribuição do grau de lesão onde o grupo G1 apresentou graus significantemente menores do que o grupo G2. CONCLUSÕES: O modelo mostrou que a hipóxia neonatal em ratos provoca lesões na parede intestinal.. Apesar das lesões histológicas discretas é um bom método para avaliação da liberação de radicais livres teciduais.

Avaliação de um modelo experimental de enterocolite necrosante neonatal em ratos / Evaluation of an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis in rats

OBJETIVO: Avaliar um modelo experimental de enterocolite necrosante em ratos proposto por Okur e colaboradores em 1995. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se 28 ratos da raça EPM-Wistar no primeiro dia de vida, com peso entre 4 a 6 gramas. Os animais foram submetidos a hipóxia (H) colocando os filhotes em uma câmara de gás CO2 para sacrifício de roedores onde receberam um fluxo de ar contendo 100 por cento de CO2 durante 5 minutos. Após a hipóxia os animais foram reanimados (R) com fluxo de ar contendo O2 a 100 por cento, também durante 5 minutos. Os animais divididos em dois grupos: G1: controle (n=12): ratos não submetidos a H-R; G2: (n=16): ratos submetidos a H-R. Segmentos de intestino delgado e cólon foram preparados para análise histológica. O restante do intestino foi utilizado para dosagem de malondialdeído tecidual. RESULTADOS: Dosagem de malondialdeído do G1 foi em média 1,05 (0,44-2,03) e do G2 foi em média 2,60 (0,59- 6,4) nmol MDA/mg proteína. O G2 teve média significativamente maior do que a do grupo controle (p<0,002). Foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos de estudo quanto à distribuição do grau de lesão onde o grupo G1 apresentou graus significantemente menores do que o grupo G2. CONCLUSÕES: O modelo mostrou que a hipóxia neonatal em ratos provoca lesões na parede intestinal.. Apesar das lesões histológicas discretas é um bom método para avaliação da liberação de radicais livres teciduais. (AU)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis in rats proposed by OKUR e col. in 1995.METHODS: On their first day of life, 28 EPM-Wistar rats weighing between 4 and 6 grams were submitted to hypoxia (H) by placing them in a CO2 gas chamber for rodents' sacrifice, where they received a 100% CO2 air flow for 5 minutes. After the hypoxia the animals were reanimated (R) with a 100% O2 air flow, also for 5 minutes. The animals were allocated in two groups: G1: control (n=12): rats not submitted to H-R; G2: (n=16): rats submitted to H-R. Segments of the small intestine and colon were prepared for histological analysis. The remaining intestine was used to measure tissular malondialdehyde.RESULTS: Mean malondialdehyde dosages were 1.05 (0.44-2.03) and 2.60 (0.59- 6.4) nmol MDA/mg protein for G1 and G2, respectively. G2's mean value was significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.002). Significant statistical difference between the studied groups was found in relation the level of injury, with G1 presenting significantly lower levels than G2.CONCLUSIONS: The model showed that neonatal hypoxia may cause intestinal wall injury in rats. Despite the discreet histological injuries found, the method is suitable for evaluation of tissular free radicals.

Meningite meningococica em idoso relato de um caso / Meningococcal meningitidis in elderly case report

O artigo descreve um caso de uma mulher de 82 anos que deu entrada em nosso serviço com quadro de confusäo mental de inicio súbito, disartria e astenia intensa, associada ainda à rigidez de nuca e moderado aumento dos níveis pressóricos. Inicialmente atribuímos tal sintomatologia à doença cerebrovascular de etiologia hemorrágica, permanecendo os quadros metabólicos e infeccciosos, como diagnósticos diferenciais. Realizada análise do líquor sendo observado um padräo compatível com meningite bacteriana (isolado Neisseria Meningitidis na cultura - infrequente nesta faixa etária). Paciente evoluiu com meningococcemia, apresentando padräo hemodinâmico compatível com choque distributivo sendo necessário uso de drogas vasoativas e monitorizaçäo invasiva com recuperaçäo completa dos padrões hemodinâmicos e do quadro clínico em geral. Porém após alguns dias, apresentou aumento das escórias nitrogenadas sendo submetida a hemodiafiltraçäo veno-venosa evoluindo inicialmente bem mas com posterior aparecimento de arritmias ventrículares e óbito. A inclusäo da Doença Meningocócica no diagnóstico diferencial dos quadros confusionais do paciente idoso, apesar de infrequente, deve ser sempre lembrada, pois quanto mais precoce o diagóstico e a instituiçäo do tratamento, melhor a evoluçäo do paciente

Response of HIV/AIDS patients to Hepatitis B recombinant vaccine

Studies have demonstrated that HIV infection negatively affects the immune response to hepatitis B vacine. The present study evaluated the seroconversions to the recombinant vaccine against hepatitis B applied in HIV patients. Twenty-two patients were included in the study group all with confirmed HIV infection and with negative serum markers to hepatitis B. The control group was composed of 18 healthy individuals with negative markers for hepatitis B. All subjects were vaccinated with 20µg of ENGERIX B at 0,1 and 6 months (3 doses). The antibody response was quantitatively assessed 1 month after the third dose of recombinant vaccine. CD4 T lymphocyte counts were also performed in those beginning vaccination. Of 22 patients in the study group, only 10 (45.5 percent) responded to vaccination with protective levels (over 10 µlU/ml). In the control group, all of the subjects responded (p=0.005). Seventeen patients in the study group had their CD4 lymphocytes measured. The results suggested a direct relationship between the level of CD4 lymphocyte counts and response to the vaccine. The rate of response to hepatite B recombinant vaccine with 3 doses of 20µg of HBsAg in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus was significantly lower than in the control group. Patients with low CD4 T lymphocyte counts are likely to have an inadequate response to the current method of hepatitis B vaccination.