Development of inducible promoters for regulating gene expression in Clostridium tyrobutyricum for biobutanol production.

Clostridium tyrobutyricum is an anaerobe known for its ability to produce short-chain fatty acids, alcohols, and esters. We aimed to develop inducible promoters for fine-tuning gene expression in C. tyrobutyricum. Synthetic inducible promoters were created by employing an Escherichia coli lac operator to regulate the thiolase promoter (PCathl) from Clostridium acetobutylicum, with the best one (LacI-Pto4s) showing a 5.86-fold dynamic range with isopropyl ß- d-thiogalactoside (IPTG) induction. A LT-Pt7 system with a dynamic range of 11.6-fold was then created by combining LacI-Pto4s with a T7 expression system composing of RNA polymerase (T7RNAP) and Pt7lac promoter. Furthermore, two inducible expression systems BgaR-PbgaLA and BgaR-PbgaLB with a dynamic range of ~40-fold were developed by optimizing a lactose-inducible expression system from Clostridium perfringens with modified 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) and ribosome-binding site (RBS). BgaR-PbgaLB was then used to regulate the expressions of a bifunctional aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase encoded by adhE2 and butyryl-CoA/acetate Co-A transferase encoded by cat1 in C. tyrobutyricum wild type and Δcat1::adhE2, respectively, demonstrating its efficient inducible gene regulation. The regulated cat1 expression also confirmed that the Cat1-catalyzed reaction was responsible for acetate assimilation in C. tyrobutyricum. The inducible promoters offer new tools for tuning gene expression in C. tyrobutyricum for industrial applications.

Effect of Heat Treatment under Different Atmospheres on the Bonding Properties and Mechanism of Ceramiziable Heat-Resistant Adhesive.

In this study, a heat-resistant adhesive was prepared using molybdenum-phenolic (Mo-PF) resin as the matrix and TiB2 particle as the ceramizable filler for bonding Al2O3 ceramic substrates. Firstly, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to characterize the chemical structure of the Mo-PF. Subsequently, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and shear strength testing were employed to investigate the effects of heat treatment in different atmospheres on the thermal stability and residual bonding properties of the adhesive. To further explore the bonding mechanism of the adhesive after heat treatment in different atmospheres, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compressive strength testing, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to analyze the microstructure, mechanical strength, and composition evolution of the adhesive at different temperatures. The bonding strength of Al2O3 joints showed a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing after different temperature heat treatment in air, with the shear strength reaching a maximum value of 25.68 MPa after treatment at 1200 °C. And the bonding strength of Al2O3 joints decreased slowly with the increase of temperature in nitrogen. In air, the ceramicization reaction at a high temperature enabled the mechanical strength of the adhesive to rise despite the continuous pyrolysis of the resin. However, the TiB2 filler in nitrogen did not react, and the properties of the adhesive showed a decreasing tendency with the pyrolysis of the resin.

Robust and stable dual-band electrochromic smart window with multicolor tunability.

Dual-band electrochromic smart windows (DESWs) can selectively control the transmittance of near-infrared (NIR) and visible (VIS) light, which can significantly reduce building energy consumption. However, almost all the reported DESW colors switch between clear colorless and dark blue. The single color combined with the dazzling visual experience of blue will undoubtedly limit the application scene of DESWs. Herein, for the first time, we report a robust and stable DESW with multicolor conversion capabilities based on the single-component organic polymer polyaniline (PANI). The results show that the progressive electrochemical reaction enabled PANI film to deliver not only efficient and independent control of NIR and VIS light transmittance but also impressive electrochromic performance-rich color conversion (yellow-green-black), good optical modulation (65% at 633 nm and 59% at 1600 nm), high coloration efficiency (367.1 cm2 C-1 at 633 nm and 299.6 cm2 C-1 at 1600 nm), and excellent cycling stability (optical modulation losses of 6% at 633 nm, and 4% at 1600 nm after 10 000 cycles). Thereby, we demonstrated a prototype PANI-based DESW device (10 × 5 cm2), which delivered a multicolor electrochromism together with independent control and modulation of the VIS (sunlight) and NIR (solar heat) transmittance.

Ultrahigh recovery rate of nitrate from synthetic wastewater by Chlorella-based photo-fermentation with optimal light-emitting diode illumination: From laboratory to pilot plant.

To achieve ultrahigh recovery rate of nitrate from synthetic wastewater by Chlorella pyrenoidosa-based photo-fermentation, light-emitting diode (LED) spectrum was firstly evaluated in 5-L glass photo-fermenter with surrounding LED panels. Results showed that warm white LED was favorable to improve biomass yield and recovery rate of nutrients than mixed white LED. When scaling up from laboratory (50-L, 500-L) to pilot scale photo-fermenter with inner LED panels, the maximum recovery rates of NO3- (5.77 g L-1 d-1) and PO43- (0.44 g L-1 d-1) were achieved in 10,000-L photo-fermenter, along with high productivity of biomass (11.06 g L-1 d-1), protein (3.95 g L-1 d-1) and lipids (3.79 g L-1 d-1), respectively. This study demonstrated that photo-fermenter with inner warm white LED illumination is a superhigh-efficient system for nitrate and phosphate recovery with algal biomass coproduction, providing a promising application in pilot demonstration of wastewater bioremediation and facilitating novel facility development for green manufacturing.

Physical activity to improve the physiological index of cardiovascular effect / A atividade física no reestabelecimento do índice fisiológico de efeito cardiovascular / La actividad física em el restablecimiento del índice fisiológico de efecto cardiovascular

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical exercise can enhance the body's ability to adapt to the external environment and improve the contractility of the heart. At the same time, it can help improve blood circulation and increase lung capacity. Objective: This article explores the critical role of sports in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: This article conducts tests on related physiological indicators such as hemodynamic rheology for students who regularly participate in physical exercise and those who do not participate in physical exercise. Results: Students who exercise regularly and those who do not exercise mobilize faster cardiovascular function at the beginning of work. This shows good adaptability to sports. Conclusion: The use of fitness exercise prescription by students who exercise comprehensively has the most pronounced effect on improving vascular function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: O exercício físico pode aumentar a capacidade do corpo de se adaptar ao meio ambiente e melhorar a contratilidade do coração. Ao mesmo tempo, pode reestabelecer a circulação sanguínea e aumentar a capacidade pulmonar. Objetivo: Este artigo explora o papel fundamental do esporte na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares. Métodos: Este estudo conduziu testes em indicadores fisiológicos relacionados, tais como a reologia hemodinâmica em estudantes que regularmente praticam exercício físico e aqueles que não praticam exercício físico. Resultados: Estudantes que praticam exercícios regularmente e aqueles que não o fazem mobilizam uma função cardíaca mais rápida no início do treino, o que demonstra boa adaptabilidade ao esporte. Conclusão: A prescrição de exercícios de preparo físico para estudantes que se exercitam de forma completa tem o efeito mais pronunciado na função vascular. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ejercicio físico puede aumentar la capacidad del cuerpo de adaptarse al medio ambiente y mejorar la contractilidad del corazón. Al mismo tiempo, puede restablecer la circulación sanguínea y aumentar la capacidad pulmonaria. Objetivo: Este artículo explora el papel fundamental del deporte en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Métodos: Este estudio condujo pruebas en indicadores fisiológicos relacionados, como la reología hemodinámica, en estudiantes que regularmente practican ejercicio físico y los que no lo practican. Resultados: Estudiantes que practican ejercicios regularmente y los que no lo hacen movilizan una función cardíaca más rápida al principio del entrenamiento, lo que demuestra buena adaptabilidad al deporte. Conclusión: La prescripción de ejercicios de preparación física para estudiantes que se ejercitan de forma completa tiene el efecto más pronunciado en la función vascular. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

Mixotrophic Chlorella pyrenoidosa as cell factory for ultrahigh-efficient removal of ammonium from catalyzer wastewater with valuable algal biomass coproduction through short-time acclimation.

To achieve ultrahigh-efficient ammonium removal and valuable biomass coproduction, Chlorella-mediated short-time acclimation was implemented in photo-fermentation. The results demonstrated short-time acclimation of mixotrophic Chlorella pyrenoidosa could significantly improve NH4+ removal and biomass production in shake flasks. After acclimation through two batch cultures in 5-L photo-fermenter, the maximum NH4+ removal rate (1,400 mg L-1 d-1) were achieved under high NH4+ level (4,750 mg L-1) in batch 3. In 50-L photo-fermenter, through one batch acclimated culture, the maximum NH4+ removal rate (2,212 mg L-1 d-1) and biomass concentration (58.4 g L-1) were achieved in batch 2, with the highest productivities of protein (5.56 g L-1 d-1) and total lipids (5.66 g L-1 d-1). The hypothetical pathway of nutrients assimilation in mixotrophic cells as cell factory was proposed with detailed discussion. This study provided a novel strategy for high-ammonium wastewater treatment without dilution, facilitating the algae-based "waste-to-treasure" bioconversion process for green manufacturing.

Improved flavor profiles of red pitaya (Hylocereus lemairei) wine by controlling the inoculations of Saccharomyces bayanus and Metschnikowia agaves and the fermentation temperature.

The effects of the inoculation method of Saccharomyces bayanus BV818 and non-Saccharomyces yeast Metschnikowia agaves P3-3 and the fermentation temperature on the volatile profiles of red pitaya wine were investigated in the present study. Although the growth of P3-3 was inhibited by BV818 in the mixed inoculations, simultaneous and sequential inoculations promoted the production of seven volatiles, including higher alcohols (propan-1-ol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and phenethyl alcohol), esters (ethyl decanoate and diethyl succinate), acid (2-ethylhexanoic acid), and ketone (acetoin). Sequential inoculation produced the largest total content of volatile compounds and exhibited the best in the global aroma. The red pitaya wine produced in different inoculations can be separated by its main volatile components. Furthermore, the highest total content was yielded at 25 °C for alcohols and at 21 °C for esters and acids. Within an experimental range of 17 °C to 29 °C, the contents of benzaldehyde and acetoin decreased with the increase in temperature, whereas the change in 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol content was the opposite. The similarly high total contents of volatiles and global aroma score were yielded via sequential inoculation at 21 °C and 25 °C. Therefore, the desired red pitaya wine can be effectively produced by modulating the inoculation method and fermentation temperature.

High-yield production of biomass, protein and pigments by mixotrophic Chlorella pyrenoidosa through the bioconversion of high ammonium in wastewater.

To achieve a high consumption rate of ammonium with biomass coproduction, the mixotroph Chlorella pyrenoidosa was cultivated in high ammonium-high salinity wastewater medium in this study. The initial cell density, glucose and ammonium concentrations, and light intensity were optimized in shake flasks. A 5-L fermenter with surrounding LED (Light Emitting Diode) and a 50-L fermenter with inlet LED were employed for batch and semicontinuous cultivation. The results demonstrated that the highest contents of protein (56.7% DW) and total pigments (4.48% DW) with productivities of 5.62 g L-1 d-1 and 0.55 mg L-1 d-1, respectively, were obtained in 5-L photofermenter, while the maximum NH4+ consumption rate (1,800 mg L-1 d-1) and biomass yield (23.6 g L-1) were achieved in 50-L photofermenter. This study developed a novel strategy to convert high ammonium in wastewater to high-protein algal biomass, facilitating wastewater bioremediation and nitrogen recycling utilization by the mixotroph C. pyrenoidosa in photofermentation.

Evaluation of different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains on the profile of volatile compounds in pineapple wine.

Yeast strain plays a central role in the formation of aroma and flavour of fruit wine. The effect of four commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (D254, VIC, BV818 and CECA) on volatile compounds of fermented pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) juice was investigated. Alcohols and esters were the most abundant groups in terms of the amounts of identified volatiles in four pineapple wines, followed by acids and sulphur compounds. Different S. cerevisiae strains possess various capacities to release or synthesize volatiles during pineapple wine fermentation. For global aroma, strain D254 yielded the highest total number and concentration of volatiles and could be used as a starter culture for the making of intense pineapple wine. Strain BV818 produced wine with the highest amounts of volatiles with OAVs > 1 and scored the highest in global aroma. Thus, BV818 might be the appropriate strain that could impart characteristic aromas and enhance wine complexity. The relative content of esters formed by strain VIC was higher than that yielded by the other strains. Strain CECA produced the highest relative contents of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones. However, VIC and CECA were not ideal starter cultures because of their low sense scores. This study provided a foundation for the production of pineapple wine with the desired flavour profile.